Re: [Elecraft] K3 sub receiver no signals

2012-07-02 Thread Mike K2MK
Hi Mike, This question comes up quite often on the reflector and it is usually incorrect antenna selection as others have commented. But there are also several other things that could be amiss. You could have the RF gain for the sub turned down. It's the outer ring on the RF gain knob. Assuming

[Elecraft] K3 Macro query

2012-07-02 Thread Stewart
The following macro runs OK from the K3 Utility program, but not when assigned to a function key - why ? TUNEONMN019;MP001;MN255;SWH16; 73 Stewart G3RXQ __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft

Re: [Elecraft] K3 sub receiver no signals

2012-07-02 Thread Cady, Fred
Hi Mike, Is it dead-dead or do you get audio noise when turning the audio/rf gain. If it is dead-dead it might be the l-mix-r setting to a-a or something other than a-b. Also, if you have SPKRS=2 and are listening with the internal speaker you get the main audio only. Hope you find it. Cheers,

Re: [Elecraft] K2 NB LEVEL question

2012-07-02 Thread Don Wilhelm
Stan, The Noise Blanker is only effective on fast rise time noise pulses - like automotive ignition noise. It will do nothing to reduce noises like atmospheric noise or powerline noise. If you want to test it, remove the antenna, turn on the preamp and tap a screwdriver on Q22. You will

Re: [Elecraft] K3 sub receiver no signals

2012-07-02 Thread nr4c
I saw that someone else suggested checking all the cabling. Good idea. Also, press the AB switch twice quickly (should see AB ALL in VFO B window) to make sure both main and sub are on same freq, filters etc. Oh, yeah, lyou DID turn ON the Sub-rec'ver. Didn't you? Let's see, check internal

Re: [Elecraft] [K3] Another way to access APF

2012-07-02 Thread Eric Swartz - WA6HHQ, Elecraft
Thread Closed - due to drift into unfriendly interchange. Gentlemen - when a discussion degrades into personal accusations about who did, or did not say something, you are well outside of the list guidelines. It is not appropriate on this list to be rude or to argue in this manner. Is also

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Macro query

2012-07-02 Thread Mike K2MK
Hi Stewart, Your macro works here. You probably missed one step. First I entered you macro in the K3 Utility on the Macro tab. I pressed the Edit Macros button and typed it into the field for Macro 8. Next I hit the button labeled Write Macros 1-8 to K3. Then I hit Save and quit the Utility

[Elecraft] Fw: K3 sub receiver no signals

2012-07-02 Thread mikefurrey
Also check the external cable to the radio. When I replaced my FT1000 with a K3 (best move in the ham shack ever ... but I gotta say the FT1000 served me well for 20 years), the the short section of cable from the external rx antenna switch box to the K3 went bad. I took the K3 apart first

[Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Sid Leben
I received my KX3 a few days ago we are getting acquainted. Similar to my K3, but not the same.. I downloaded the newest Beta, 1.06. As I understand it, there is some form of DSP installed. When I invoke NR the screen reads tbd I assume that more is to come, as there are no levels to adjust

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Macro query

2012-07-02 Thread Stewart
Hi Mike, I now have my macro working, but I don't know why. The only difference is that instead of assigning to M1H SET, I followed your example and assigned it to M1T SET. It would appear that there is some conflict between a function key Hold and a function that uses Hold. Assigning to Tap

[Elecraft] KX1 ATU low power

2012-07-02 Thread AC8JW
Just finished the ATU module for the KX1. Relays all work and swr into the DL1 is r 1.0 on all bands. Power output though is limited to about 2 watts per the display. Minus the the ATU, the W1 says I am getting 3 watts into the DL1 on all bands except 80M where it is 4 watts. Regulated bench

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Bill Gerth
Sid, Regarding your KXPD3, I have had similar experiences. I, too, prefer small gap spacing and also had the same experiences that you did regarding a string of dits or dahs. I may be imagining this, but I think it may have to do with thermal expansion / contraction of the metal

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 internal battery charger

2012-07-02 Thread JP O'Connor
I went ahead and ordered the internal charger so that I have the clock and so that I can keep a set of Eneloop XX batteries healthy inside the radio for ultralight operations. I, too, am interested in solar charging of my LiFePO4 packs. If one feeds raw solar panel power to a battery, then things

[Elecraft] K3 sub receiver no signals solved!

2012-07-02 Thread W0MU Mike Fatchett
There was a config error in the Sub filter setup. I have a 2.7 filter in slot 2 and 400 in slot 4. Those were setup correctly. The Sub also thought I had a 2.7 in FL1. Changed that and the receiver came to life. Obviously the other issue was that I had decided, for reasons still unknown to

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread JP O'Connor
Yes, there is extensive DSP in this radio. However, the NR is not yet implemented. Check the user manual errata (KX3 Owner's Manual Errata Rev B4-1 - June 1, 2012) on the Elecraft web site for details on firmware enhancements still to come. For example, the NB, though implemented can only be set

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Lyle Johnson
Hello Sid! ...As I understand it, there is some form of DSP installed. When I invoke NR the screen reads tbd I assume that more is to come, as there are no levels to adjust as in the K3. The radio is entirely based on digital signal processing (DSP). I understand that many people mean

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Don Wilhelm
Sid, If you read the errata you will find that NR is not yet implemented. some form of DSP installed -- yes, the KX3 is most *all* DSP - all the modulation, demodulation and filtering is in DSP code (the number soup as some would say). 73, Don W3FPR On 7/2/2012 10:51 AM, Sid Leben wrote: I

[Elecraft] Looking for a KAT100

2012-07-02 Thread Stephen Roberts
Anyone have a built or kit they want to sell? Steve --- Steve Roberts-W1SFR Sudbury, VT __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help:

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread nr4c
If you read the KX3 Errata sheet (should have been supplied with the radio) on the web site, you'll note that several functions described in the manual are not availble as yet. And NR is among those. And, I agree with you on the paddles. Neat, but I can't get them adjusted like I would

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Donald Butler
I have the same issues with my KXPD3. With maybe 100-125 CW qsos logged using the KX3 and KXPD3 I have now accepted the fact that I must compromise and use a more coarse paddle adjustment. I have also had issues with random dropping of the first dah, which is further complicated when a dah is

Re: [Elecraft] K3 sub receiver no signals

2012-07-02 Thread NH7RO
Hi Mike; I had the same problem a number of months ago and it was so frustrating I finally removed the sub rcvr and sent it off to Aptos. The guys there were very helpful as always but it came back with a perfectly clean bill of health as they could find nothing wrong with it. This was after I

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread PTA_ABD
Had the same experiences with the keyer paddle KXPD3 ... a bit too much tension ( which is not adjustable except by surgery ) and the spacing is kinda tricky ( wound up having it wider than I like ). I also like a slightly wider paddle footprint ( someone suggested gluing/sticking something on

[Elecraft] Elecraft email outage

2012-07-02 Thread Wayne Burdick
Hi all, I was unable to read email for the past three days. I understand that Eric and others have been off-line as well. Looks like the server is back, but it'll take awhile for us to get caught up. 73, Wayne N6KR http://www.elecraft.com

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 internal battery charger

2012-07-02 Thread Edward R. Cole
Not exactly sure what balancing means but suspect this is the same as equalizing charge. I have used solar charge controllers at remote sites for two panels charging two batteries and do not recall any equalizing function in them. The Buddipole appears to be a simple current regulator. It

[Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Robert G. Strickland
I have never used either a panadapter or a sub-receiver, so I'm a newbie in this area. I use CW almost exclusively, and I chase DX and enter contests [less so in the past, more in the future]. I have a small pistol station with no allusions of being a band master. Question: which of these two

[Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Robert G. Strickland
In another post I ask about sub-receiver versus panadapter. Here, a question about type of panadapter. My station occupies a very small space, and adding the P3 would strain the real estate. So, I've been looking at other panadapter possibilities that use the computer screen for display. What

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Bill Conkling
I opted for the P3 first as i don't have a trained ear, but I can see what's on the screen. Most will disagree but I still like viewing the band and seeing what is going on. ...bill nr4c Sent from my Verizon Wireless Droid -Original message- From: Robert G. Strickland

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Scott Manthe
Well, this is entirely subjective. Both can be useful, but I think the subRX would be the more useful addition. 73, Scott, N9AA On 7/2/12 1:50 PM, Robert G. Strickland wrote: I have never used either a panadapter or a sub-receiver, so I'm a newbie in this area. I use CW almost exclusively,

[Elecraft] K3 digipan-fldigi and mmtty?

2012-07-02 Thread kf4clo
Frank-kf4clo Hi everyone,I am running psk31 with my k3 hooked up line in to line out,line out to line in-keying it with vox. I'm wondering if I can use this same set up With Fldigi or mmtty without having to change the way I key the k3. I like digipan but would like to try something elce if I

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Ignacy
N8LP on his website has a very comprehensive and IMHO honest comparison of P3 and LP-PAN. In snapshot, if you are strained on cash, good in computers, and occasional software problems are not an issue, use LP-PAN. If reliability and ability to change parameters fast via buttons are more

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Jim Brown
On 7/2/2012 10:50 AM, Robert G. Strickland wrote: Yes, I can have them both in my K3, but if I had to choose, which one would seem preferable? I'm mainly a contester, but I work some DX, digital modes on 160M, and all modes on 6M. I use the P3 a LOT more than I use the second RX. For DX, you

Re: [Elecraft] K3 digipan-fldigi and mmtty?

2012-07-02 Thread Jim Brown
On 7/2/2012 12:19 PM, kf4clo wrote: I am running psk31 with my k3 hooked up line in to line out,line out to line in-keying it with vox. I'm wondering if I can use this same set up With Fldigi or mmtty without having to change the way I key the k3. No problem -- it will work just fine. I do

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Tony Estep
On Mon, Jul 2, 2012 at 12:50 PM, Robert G. Strickland rc...@verizon.netwrote: ...I use CW almost exclusively, and I chase DX.. == Well, Bob, if you chase DX on CW you will get a major boost out of the 2nd receiver. Once you have worked the easy ones, you'll find that just about every

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Fred Jensen
Standby for incoming, Robert.:-) My suggestion: Your K3 has two VFO's and will run them split. That's what you need for DX. Without the subRx, you have to press and hold the REV button to listen on your TX freq on VFO B in SPLIT. It reverts to VFO A when you let go. With the subRx, you

[Elecraft] WT: KFL3A-1.8K

2012-07-02 Thread Alfredo Vélez WP3C
Hi I would like to know if someone have on sale the Elecraft KFL3A-1.8K 1.8 kHz, 8-pole please let me know. 73’ Alfredo WP3C __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help:

[Elecraft] K3PR6 Preamp

2012-07-02 Thread Peter Chamalian
Being new to 6 meters, I'm wondering if the investment in the K3PR6 is worth it. I'm using an Innova 5 element LPA VR at 85 feet fed with hard line with the last 20 or so feet with Buryflex so the loss is pretty minimal. If you have experience with the K3PR6 Preamp, I'd appreciate your

Re: [Elecraft] K3PR6 Preamp

2012-07-02 Thread Ken G Kopp
Excellent performnce ... worth the investment! 73! Ken Kopp - K0PP On Mon, Jul 2, 2012 at 8:23 PM, Peter Chamalian w...@arrl.net wrote: Being new to 6 meters, I'm wondering if the investment in the K3PR6 is worth it. __ Elecraft

Re: [Elecraft] K3PR6 Preamp

2012-07-02 Thread Lance Collister, W7GJ
ABSOLUTELY GET THE PREAMP! The K3 is a great radio but it is USUALLY hard of hearing on 6m without it. With the preamp, it is one of the best radios possible for 6m. I have very successfully used it on 6m EME DXpeditions to E51, 3D2 and 5W0. GL and VY 73, Lance On 7/2/2012 8:23 PM,

Re: [Elecraft] K3PR6 Preamp

2012-07-02 Thread ea3aky
Hi Peter Yes, I believe it's a must to work dx on 6 meters. I think K3 is a bit deaf without it. EA3AKY http://ea3aky.blogspot.com/ -Mensaje original- De: elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net [mailto:elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net] En nombre de Peter Chamalian Enviado el: lunes, 02 de

[Elecraft] Probs with KPA100 and KIO2 interface

2012-07-02 Thread Stephen Roberts
I just purchased a KPA100 from someone on the list and got it installed and working fine, but I can't seem to get the KI02 going. I'm using a Mac and Aether software. I set everything correctly in the software and nothing. I tried Mac logger deluxe and the same result. Checked the KUSB cable

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Paul Saffren N6HZ
Hi Robert, Having never used a panadapter until working at Elecraft, I can honestly say that I can't imagine having a station without one. With a P3 (or LP-Pan for that matter) I can literally see the band at a glance. One of the really nice features is the history or waterfall, which allows

[Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or sub receiver?

2012-07-02 Thread David and Dianne on Comcast
Robert, Work DX? Work Split? 2nd receiver hands down would be my choice. Had a P3 here for over a year and finally sold it. Too confusing and too distracting. No regrets either. Screens, HF radios and me don't mix. K3 2nd receiver makes working split so easy its almost criminal. Use the

Re: [Elecraft] Probs with KPA100 and KIO2 interface

2012-07-02 Thread Don Wilhelm
Steve, Is this a separate KIO2 option, or are you referring to the RS-232 function on the KPA100? If it is the KIO2 option, I can give you some tests that can be used with DC signals and a DMM - unfortunately the same scheme does not work with the KPA100, and the easiest way to troubleshoot

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 Questions

2012-07-02 Thread Matt Maguire
I also had a situation where I was getting a string of dahs in the middle of transmission. At first I thought it may have been a sticky KXPD3 set too tight, but then the same thing happened using an external Begali paddle. The adhoc antenna feedline situation I was using was, let's just say, not

[Elecraft] K1 with a strange XFIL problem...

2012-07-02 Thread Bruce Beford
OK, folks. Time to put on your thinking caps... I just purchased a used K1. Has NB, ATU and 4 band board, set for 7/10.1/14/21 MHz. All appears to be operating normally, except... When cycling through the crystal filter bandwidths from FL1-FL3, once FL3 is reached, all buttons become unresponsive.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
On 7/2/2012 10:50 AM, Robert G. Strickland wrote: Yes, I can have them both in my K3, but if I had to choose, which one would seem preferable? It would be a very tough choice. The panadapter provides a 50,000 foot view ... I can be chasing one pile-up or working JT-65 on 6 meters and see if

Re: [Elecraft] 4.48 vs 4.51 CW Decode (my test)

2012-07-02 Thread Scott Monks
Hi all,     I know that this topic has more or less gone its way, but I just got a chance to try this out during the past weekend.     I hadn't had much luck with decoding CW on the K3--usually a bunch of asterisks and Es and nothing else.  However, I got new 700Hz filters a week ago or so and

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Mike K2MK
Hi Robert, I have the sub RX and the P3 and I would not want to be without either, however, if I were trying to save money on an initial purchase I would buy the P3. The P3 is easy to use and is useful at all times under all conditions. The large screen SVGA option which I also have is nice but

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Brian Maynard
I thought this through and chose the P3. The subRX requires a second antenna - which I did not have - and the matching filters, so it is not just the receiver alone. The P3 does everything the others have mentioned, and as one responder said - you will end up using it all the time if you work DX

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Hisashi T Fujinaka
I'd agree. I never had either in the past and now I'm constantly looking at the P3 and I do use the sub-receiver but don't turn it on every time I'm on. The panadapter tells me when the band is dead, when my antenna is tuned properly (I have a magnetic loop that needs to be tuned all the time),

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Craig Smith
I have both with my K3. If I could have only one, it would definitely be the P3. The sub RX is great for diversity receive which helps a lot in CW contesting. But the P3, as other have pointed out, lets you quickly find where to place your signal when trying to find a good run frequency.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Geoffrey Mackenzie-Kennedy
Robert, The Perseus SDR, which uses a computer for display and control purposes, performs very well as a panadapter, also as a multi mode receiver which covers 10 kHz to 40 MHz The maximum span which can be displayed is 1600 kHz, and the minimum span is 800 Hz. The resolution bandwidth is

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Ron D'Eau Claire
I'm a certified (or certifiable?) O.T. who has been haunting the Ham bands for over half a century, content to listen intently for signals while slowly cranking the main tuning knob. Panadapters have been around a long time, but I always thought Huh! Who needs that sort of gadget? Then came the

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread N4QS
Robert, I have both the subRX and the panadapter, and I love and use both a lot. But if I had to choose between one or the other, I would definitely recommend the P3. I use the P3 all the time -- it is a revolutionary new way to interface with the radio. I just used it a moment ago to break

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Mike K2MK
Hi Brian, Use of a sub RX does not require a second antenna. I've been using a sub RX to chase split DX since 1991 with one antenna. The only time a second antenna is necessary is if you want to use diversity reception or possibly for some cross band activity. Conversely, a sub RX is not

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread John Harper
I had the same question over a year ago and received the following replies: http://www.ae5x.com/blog/2010/09/05/the-most-beneficial-k3-upgrade-panadapter-or-sub-reciever/?trashed=1ids=1987 I've still not added either but after operating the K3 much as you do, there is no longer any question in

Re: [Elecraft] K3PR6 Preamp

2012-07-02 Thread Keith Heimbold
Definitely believes it makes a huge difference on 6m. I use it with the internal preamp as well as without it. Now that I have it I wouldn't be without it. Keith AG6AZ __ Elecraft mailing list Home:

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Brian Maynard
Hi Mike, You are right! I should have read the manual before posting ;-) It is important to consider the filters needed for the subRX - 8-pole filters are not inexpensive. I hope to have both someday, but for now am very happy with my P3 and KPA500 (and KAT500 on order...). - Brian, op

Re: [Elecraft] K1 with a strange XFIL problem...

2012-07-02 Thread Don Wilhelm
Bruce, There is nothing overtly associated with the selection of FL3 that *should* cause a lockup. The way the bandwidth is controlled is to vary the voltage of the XFIL/TONE signal from the D/A converter - front panel U2 and apply it to the varactors connected to the filter crystals. I

[Elecraft] High power Amplifier for QRP Rig

2012-07-02 Thread Doug Millar
Hi,    I have for sale a Jumbo 240DX HF amplifier with Rx RF amp stage. It is in its original box. I just tested it on 10m (45watts out)through 160m (80w output) with 4.5watts drive. It says that it will do 240w PEP output at max drive. I am also including a filter board from a TS 440S. This

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Ron D'Eau Claire
And for most operations 8 pole filters are not required. Ron AC7AC -Original Message- Hi Mike, You are right! I should have read the manual before posting ;-) It is important to consider the filters needed for the subRX - 8-pole filters are not inexpensive. I hope to have both

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Guy Olinger K2AV
Could you give us the URL for the comparison. I've been on the page, but I can't find it. Thanks and 73, Guy. On Mon, Jul 2, 2012 at 3:22 PM, Ignacy n...@arrl.net wrote: N8LP on his website has a very comprehensive and IMHO honest comparison of P3 and LP-PAN. In snapshot, if you are

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Phillip Shepard
My understanding is that diversity receive works best with matched receiver topologies. Should the subRx have the same filter array as the main Rx (bandwidths and types)? If the main Rx has 8-pole 2.8, 1.8 and 0.4 kHz filters, should the subRx mimic that? Thank you for the enlightenment. 73,

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
Here's the direct link: http://www.telepostinc.com/P3_comp.html It's there plain as day about 1/3 of the way down the main LP-Pan page: http://www.telepostinc.com/LP-PAN.html Note - the comparison is between LP-Pan with NaP3 software and P3SVGA. LP-Pan/NaP3 is very computer intensive

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 internal battery charger

2012-07-02 Thread JP O'Connor
Hi Ed, Terminology can be a tricky thing! So can the specifics of different battery types and how to charge them. You raise a number of excellent questions. In order to assist other readers who may not be as familiar with the topic, and to assure I am being clear, I will go in to some detail.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - panadapter or subreceiver

2012-07-02 Thread Don Wilhelm
Phil and all, Yes, for diversity receive, the filters should be matched. In theory, the 8 pole filters should have zero offset, but in practice, they may have a small bit of an offset. The answer is to compromise - if you hear a WOW-WOW sound while listening to diversity, you should change

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Tony Estep
On Mon, Jul 2, 2012 at 10:04 PM, Joe Subich, W4TV li...@subich.com wrote: ...LP-Pan/NaP3 is very computer intensive... == On my 2009-vintage Asus laptop, running LP-Bridge and LP-Pan increases CPU usage by about 15 percentage points. With MixW2 and VE7CC running and a web browser

[Elecraft] KX3 interal battery charger

2012-07-02 Thread Erik Basilier
JP wrote: All battery packs, regardless of chemistry, benefit from a periodic balance/equalize charge. Do you have any specific recommendation on how often one needs to take out the NiMH batteries to balance them? The KX3 battery holders are very solid (good) but I find it difficult to remove

Re: [Elecraft] K3 - P3 or LP-PAN comparison

2012-07-02 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
NaP3 is not the only software required with LP-Pan. Most installations require LP-Bridge or some other software port sharing package to allow both NaP3 and a logging program to share control of the K3. Several logging packages fail to work properly with LP-Bridge to the point that their

[Elecraft] KX3 Received

2012-07-02 Thread 492commish
FYI: KX3 kit serial #614 was waiting for me when I got home from work this afternoon. R eference order# 2208-4840-8929 Confirmed on Dec 12/28/11 8:40 AM The bench is ready for the build, and the Buddipole is ready for the results. 73, Phil, WA7URV Sherwood, Oregon, USA

Re: [Elecraft] KX3 interal battery charger

2012-07-02 Thread JP O'Connor
Hi Erik, I do not have enough personal experience with these to provide a suggested guideline based on my own empirical results. Other readers of this thread may have that knowledge or know of references. I suspect that if one does not abuse their cells, and if the cells are all in good shape to