On Wed, May 15, 2013 at 2:03 AM, <[email protected]> wrote: > ...Storms notes [1] that an electron must reach relativistic speeds to gain > 782 KeV in a lattice, - seemingly a very tall order, due to collisions. > Others, e.g. Hagelstein, et al[2], doubt that field strengths in LENR > experiments provide this extra energy ("renormalized" mass). > > I think both objections may overlook collective effects. >
Such as occur in lasers electron accelerators? GeV electron beams from a centimetre-scale accelerator W. P. Leemans1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1>, B. Nagler1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1>, A. J. Gonsalves2<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a2>, Cs. Tóth1 <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1>, K. Nakamura1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1> ,3 <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a3>, C. G. R. Geddes1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1>, E. Esarey1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1>, C. B. Schroeder1<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a1> & S. M. Hooker2<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#a2> Abstract Gigaelectron volt (GeV) electron accelerators are essential to synchrotron radiation facilities and free-electron lasers, and as modules for high-energy particle physics. Radiofrequency-based accelerators are limited to relatively low accelerating fields (10-50 MV m-1), requiring tens to hundreds of metres to reach the multi-GeV beam energies needed to drive radiation sources, and many kilometres to generate particle energies of interest to high-energy physics. Laser-wakefield accelerators1, <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B1> 2 <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B2> produce electric fields of the order 10-100 GV m-1 enabling compact devices. Previously, the required laser intensity was not maintained over the distance needed to reach GeV energies, and hence acceleration was limited to the 100 MeV scale3, <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B3> 4, <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B4>5<http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B5>. Contrary to predictions that petawatt-class lasers would be needed to reach GeV energies6, <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B6> 7 <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B7>, here we demonstrate production of a high-quality electron beam with 1 GeV energy by channelling a 40 TW peak-power laser pulse in a 3.3-cm-long gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide8, <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B8> 9 <http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html#B9>. http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v2/n10/full/nphys418.html
