Why do you think that the Ni/H reactor designs include the complete resurfacing of the 5 micron nickel micro-particles with nanowires?
On Fri, Jan 31, 2014 at 6:11 PM, Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]> wrote: > I actually have been thinking about this for couple of days and the > Luttinger Liquid CONCEPT rings a bell, although I probably never read the > original report. > > I probably read about it here: > > *Nanotubes break superconducting > record*<http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1578879/posts> > *PhysicsWeb ^ > <http://www.freerepublic.com/%5Ehttp://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/2/8/1> > * | 2/14/2006 | Belle Dume' > > Posted on *Wed 15 Feb 2006 * <http://www.freerepublic.com/%7Eneville72/> > > Physicists in Japan have shown that "entirely end-bonded" multi-walled > carbon nanotubes can superconduct at temperatures as high as 12 K, which is > 30 times greater than for single-walled carbon nanotubes. The discovery has > been made by a team led by Junji Haruyama of Aoyama Gakuin University in > Kanagawa. The superconducting nanotubes could be used to study fundamental > 1D quantum effects and also find practical applications in molecular > quantum computing (Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 057001). > > Superconductivity is the complete absence of electrical resistance and is > observed in certain materials when they are cooled below a superconducting > transition temperature (Tc). Physicists agree that superconductivity relies > on getting electrons to overcome their mutual Coulomb repulsion and form > "Cooper pairs". In the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of > low-temperature superconductivity, the electrons are held together because > of their interactions with phonons -- lattice vibrations in the material. > > However, 1D conductors like carbon nanotubes -- rolled up sheets of > graphite just nanometres in diameter -- are not naturally superconducting. > One reason for this is the presence of so-called Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid > (TLL) states in the material, which cause the electrons to repulse each > other and so destroy Cooper pairs. > > Now, however, Haruyama and colleagues have designed a system in which > there is a superconducting phase that can compete with the TLL phase and > even overcome it -- a feat hitherto believed impossible. The system > consists of an array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, each of which > consists of a series of concentric nanotube shells. Electrical contacts > made of metal are bonded to the tubes so they touch the top of all the > shells. Conventional "bulk junction" contacts, in contrast, touch only the > outermost shell of a tube and along its length. > > Haruyama and co-workers grew their multiwalled nanotubes from a template > of porous alumina. Next, they cut the tops off the nanotubes using > ultrasound or etching techniques and then evaporated a gold electrode onto > the exposed ends of the tubes. In this way, nearly all of the nanotube > shells were made electrically active. > > The Japan team find that the end-bonded nanotubes lose all resistivity at > temperatures below 12 K. According to the researchers, this is because the > TLL states are suppressed so that superconductivity can appear. Moreover, > the Tc depends on the numbers of electrically activated shells and the > physicists will now try to increase this figure by making more or all of > the shells active. > > > > On Mon, Jan 27, 2014 at 7:01 PM, Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]>wrote: > >> No, unfortunately I'm not that well read. But since it was suggested >> that we should be calling this something other than BEC, a 1D Luttinger >> Liquid sounds good to me -- the 1DLL theory... >> >> >> On Sun, Jan 26, 2014 at 12:27 PM, MarkI-ZeroPoint >> <[email protected]>wrote: >> >>> I think this is where Kevin got his theory! Even if he was not >>> consciously aware of it... >>> >>> J >>> >>> >>> >>> Jan 23, 2014 >>> >>> Quantum physics in 1-D: New experiment supports long-predicted >>> 'Luttinger liquid' model >>> >>> http://phys.org/news/2014-01-quantum-physics-d-long-predicted-luttinger.html >>> >>> "In 1950, Japanese Nobel Prize winner Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, followed by >>> American physicist Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger in 1963, came up with a >>> mathematical model showing that the effects of one particle on all others >>> in a one-dimensional line would be much greater than in two- or >>> three-dimensional spaces. Among quantum physicists, this model came to be >>> known as the "Luttinger liquid" state." >>> >>> >>> >>> -mark iverson >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> *From:* Jones Beene [mailto:[email protected]] >>> *Sent:* Sunday, January 26, 2014 11:13 AM >>> *To:* [email protected] >>> >>> *Subject:* RE: [Vo]:"energy driven superconductivity" and IR coherence >>> for LENR >>> >>> >>> >>> Very interesting Kevin. >>> >>> >>> >>> This could be especially relevant if the tubes in question are shown to >>> be a composite, made with graphite fibers, or CNT. >>> >>> >>> >>> The inside of a carbon nanotube would seem to favor a single line of >>> dense hydrogen. >>> >>> >>> >>> The hydrogen may technically not need to be 1-D so much as to have an >>> extreme ratio of length to diameter. >>> >>> >>> >>> *From:* Kevin O'Malley >>> >>> >>> >>> ***I have a theory to propose. It could be a one dimensional BEC rather >>> than 3 dimensional. By that, I mean that there's a BEC forming along a >>> single line of atoms (1dimensional), not along a plane (2dimensional) nor >>> in a cube (3dimensional). So it's a partial BEC. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> >
