> >* Newton "explained" *

Why did you put explained in quotation marks? If you can predict what
something is going to do then you've explained it, the better the
prediction the better the explanation. I don't know what else the word
could possibly mean. And in science no explanation is perfect, but some are
less wrong than others.

*> why a body at "rest" can start moving, via the application of "force"*


And Einstein explained that a body moving in a geodesic through 4D
spacetime will take a path that is not a geodesic if a force is applied.
The Earth is moving in a straight line (aka a geodesic) through curved
spacetime; the reason Earth's orbit looks elliptical to us is due to map
distortion, the same reason that in a flat map of the curved surface of the
Earth Greenland looks larger than South America and is almost as large
as Africa.
Except that it's even worse, in one we're projecting the 2 D curved surface
of the Earth into the flat 2D surface of the map, but with Einstein we're
projecting a curved 4D volume into a flat 3D volume.

*> What does "rest" mean in GR *


In General Relativity moving in a geodesic is as close as you can get to
the traditional idea of rest, but as long as time passes you're going to be
moving through 4D spacetime.

*>  what causes "motion" from that pov?*


Force, same as with Newton.

John K Clark

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