Re: [EVDL] Design News: Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Ups Ante With Advanced Solid-State Rechargeable

2017-05-26 Thread Michael Ross via EV
It will be very easy, as he stated, to find info about Mr. Goodenough.

On Fri, May 26, 2017 at 3:28 PM, Peter Eckhoff via EV <ev@lists.evdl.org>
wrote:

> Alan,
>
> What article are you referencing?
>
> I think I would rephrase your second sentence and make it into the form of
> a question:  "Is this another one?"
>
> With a question, it opens up avenues to search on the inventor, his or her
> reputation, and what needs to be solved to bring it to market.   It
> provides a better picture of the situation.
>
>
>
> On 5/25/17, 10:39 PM, Alan Arrison via EV wrote:
>
>>
>> Over the years I've seen entirely too many "battery breakthroughs"
>> announced that never got into production.
>>
>> This is another one. :-/
>>
>>
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>>
>>
>>
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>


-- 
To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.
Thomas A. Edison
<http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/thomasaed125362.html>

A public-opinion poll is no substitute for thought.
*Warren Buffet*

Michael E. Ross
(919) 585-6737 Land
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<michael.e.r...@gmail.com>
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Re: [EVDL] Drive Leaf EVs from CA, exporting to NC : Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread Cor van de Water via EV
Hi Bruce,
I have a bit of experience in transporting a Leaf, since my first Leaf
was picked up in SoCal
(only 1 mile away from the Mexican border, literally exit 1 on highway
5, where the lot of
an insurance company had it stored) and so when I went to get it, I
borrowed the light truck
from a colleague, attached the tow dolly that I had bought a couple
months earlier since I had been
picking up 2 Prius'es in the previous months as well and the great thing
of a second hand tow dolly is
that there is no cost: you can sell it at the same price as you buy it,
there is no registration needed and you can
tow it with any vehicle you like, unlike U-Haul who are very strict with
what type of towing
vehicle is used, besides charging you a good chunk of cash.
Anyway, I drove 500 miles south with the empty tow dolly, slept a few
hours in a Motel 6,
picked up the Leaf and drove another 500 miles north with the Leaf in
tow. LA traffic made my trip
many hours longer than hoped for, but within 30 hours of leaving I made
it back with Leaf.

So, in my opinion the best way to transport an EV long distance is to
come with a vehicle that has
a 2" ball hitch, you may or may not bring a tow dolly, and return with
the EV on a tow dolly,
it is probably worthwhile to compare the options with different vehicles
regarding fuel cost
and sleeping arrangements.
Since I still have a tow dolly and do not care too much if I keep it or
sell it with the Leaf, that is
likely the most cost effective way to transport *if* you are not
counting your own time.
Else, a transporter is likely the most efficient and cost effective, but
I have not priced that out.
When I needed to pick up the Leaf, it was a deal that essentially went
like: can you come tomorrow?
OK, then the car is yours. So, I went.
Cor.

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of brucedp5 via EV
Sent: Friday, May 26, 2017 5:43 PM
To: ev@lists.evdl.org
Subject: [EVDL] Drive Leaf EVs from CA,exporting to NC : Low-mileage
Leaf EV glut



-Ask for volunteer drivers to take them from California to North
Carolina.
That would be quite an adventure.-

I envision two sets of volunteers, one would have a way to tow to NC
(Truck& flat bed) and the other would be some really brave souls with
plug in hand, a fat wallet to empty, and way too much time on their
hands.

Lets assume two volunteers decide to take Cor's Leaf EVs to N.C. And
they pony up for all expenses ahead of time including some cheap
transport back home, to be reimbursed by the buyer. Also lets assume
Cor's Leaf EVs are no slouch, and have L3 DC CHAdeMO and L2-6kW charging
ability (other Leaf EVs available cheap do not).

While the trek might sound thrilling
 (it perked my ears up, but doubt I would fit in a Leaf for a long
journey), like the 1971 movie Vanishing Point
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing_Point_(1971_film)

To maximize range you likely would keep it to a boring 55mph or less
(the cops won't be chasing you), and you would be spending a whole lot
of L2 charging time, over and over and over.

Remove the thoughts the movie brought of drugs, sex, and rock-n-roll,
and add paying full price for an RV space to get a charge overnight 9and
you would still need to find a nearby motel to sleep at).

Nope, looking a plugshare.com and only enabling the CHAdeMO L3, j1772,
and the 14-50 charging points, there will still be large gaps between
charges that you have to overcome.
Looking at plugshare's map, no mater which route you chose there are
gaps, here is one of many:
https://goo.gl/maps/NYU6XU6Gc8Q2

Going south from Cor's to LA would be straight forward, but the map
shows the distance between Mojave and Barstow is ~78 miles

Somehow achieving that, and continuing on i-40 east, the next hardship
is from Barstow to Needles https://goo.gl/maps/mFRJWhyEunk  a gap of
~150 miles

I will stop at this point, because not only do I think you see my point,
it would not be an adventure unless you wanted to write a book on why
not to buy an EV.

I do want to point out others have already crossed the U.S. and you just
need to network with them to know the who, what, where, when, how they
did it. Terry Hershner is one of those,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Hershner
https://www.linkedin.com/in/electric-terry-hershner-20361423
https://www.youtube.com/user/gasfreeearth
 but remember he has a 300mi range e-motorcycle.

To read about specifically how a ~75mi Leaf EV has done it, see
https://www.google.com/search?q=q=electric+leaf+travel+across+U.S.

IMO, I think the buyer should go check Cor's Leaf EVs both online and
then also travel to his place to complete their decision and the
transaction.
Then arrange for transport to N.C. (last car transporter cost quote was
$1,400).




For EVLN EV-newswire posts use: 
http://evdl.org/evln/


{brucedp.neocities.org}

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Re: [EVDL] Design News: Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Ups Ante With Advanced Solid-State Rechargeable

2017-05-26 Thread Lee Hart via EV

EVDL Administrator via EV wrote:

what would [be Goodenough's] motivation to make an outrageous or bogus
claim.  It is not like he is shopping his invention to venture
capitalist.


I doubt that he's doing anything like that.  But all kinds of bad things can
nuke a promising product between the lab and the marketplace...


Thanks David, for an excellent summary. And these are just *some* of the ways 
that promising new battery technologies have been kept from becoming mainstream.


There are many more as well! Besides the ones David mentioned, here are a few 
more examples that come to my mind: Bipolar lead-acid (Electrosource Horizon), 
nickel-cadmium (several manufacturers), nickel-zinc (Evercel), nickel-iron 
(Edison), and the zinc-chlorohydrate (Energy Development Associates).



The range numbers sound a lot like the Leaf's, don't they? It seems as if 20
years haven't really changed much in that respect, they've mostly just
brought the price down to affordable levels.


The price reduction is basically the result of manufacturing large enough 
quantities. It can be argued that lithium "won" because manufacturers found 
enough customers who were willing to pay an enormous price premium (laptop 
computers). That attracted investors, and paid for the R and factories to 
build them. Once this had been done, the price came down so they could expand 
into other markets (EVs).


--
Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more
violent. It takes a touch of genius, and a lot of courage, to move
in the opposite direction. -- Albert Einstein
--
Lee Hart, 814 8th Ave N, Sartell MN 56377, www.sunrise-ev.com
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[EVDL] Drive Leaf EVs from CA, exporting to NC : Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread brucedp5 via EV


-Ask for volunteer drivers to take them from California to North Carolina.
That would be quite an adventure.-

I envision two sets of volunteers, one would have a way to tow to NC (Truck&
flat bed)
and the other would be some really brave souls with plug in hand, a fat
wallet to empty, and way too much time on their hands.

Lets assume two volunteers decide to take Cor's Leaf EVs to N.C. And they
pony up for all expenses ahead of time including some cheap transport back
home, to be reimbursed by the buyer. Also lets assume Cor's Leaf EVs are no
slouch, and have L3 DC CHAdeMO and L2-6kW charging ability (other Leaf EVs
available cheap do not).

While the trek might sound thrilling
 (it perked my ears up, but doubt I would fit in a Leaf for a long journey), 
like the 1971 movie Vanishing Point
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing_Point_(1971_film)

To maximize range you likely would keep it to a boring 55mph or less (the
cops won't be chasing you), and you would be spending a whole lot of L2
charging time, over and over and over.

Remove the thoughts the movie brought of drugs, sex, and rock-n-roll, and
add paying full price for an RV space to get a charge overnight 9and you
would still need to find a nearby motel to sleep at).

Nope, looking a plugshare.com and only enabling the CHAdeMO L3, j1772, and
the 14-50 charging points, there will still be large gaps between charges
that you have to overcome.
Looking at plugshare's map, no mater which route you chose there are gaps,
here is one of many:
https://goo.gl/maps/NYU6XU6Gc8Q2

Going south from Cor's to LA would be straight forward, but the map shows
the distance between Mojave and Barstow is ~78 miles

Somehow achieving that, and continuing on i-40 east, the next hardship is
from Barstow to Needles
https://goo.gl/maps/mFRJWhyEunk
 a gap of ~150 miles

I will stop at this point, because not only do I think you see my point, it
would not be an adventure unless you wanted to write a book on why not to
buy an EV.

I do want to point out others have already crossed the U.S. and you just
need to network with them to know the who, what, where, when, how they did
it. Terry Hershner is one of those,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Hershner
https://www.linkedin.com/in/electric-terry-hershner-20361423
https://www.youtube.com/user/gasfreeearth
 but remember he has a 300mi range e-motorcycle.

To read about specifically how a ~75mi Leaf EV has done it, see
https://www.google.com/search?q=q=electric+leaf+travel+across+U.S.

IMO, I think the buyer should go check Cor's Leaf EVs both online and then
also travel to his place to complete their decision and the transaction.
Then arrange for transport to N.C. (last car transporter cost quote was
$1,400).




For EVLN EV-newswire posts use: 
http://evdl.org/evln/


{brucedp.neocities.org}

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Re: [EVDL] looking for cheap load tester for trojan T125 6v floodies

2017-05-26 Thread Cor van de Water via EV
Harry,
Starting Battery load testers are never a good tool to assess an EV
battery,
except maybe their ability to weed out duds that drop out as soon as you
put a little load on them,
but the best way to verify EV batteries is capacity test, after first
making sure you have added distilled water to
bring the level above the plates if any are too low, then fully charge
them, then fill them to standard level
(I always used a special bottle with the automatic refill cap that will
stop filling as the electrolyte level
reached the nozzle of the cap, stopping air intake).
The capacity test means applying a load and measuring how long it takes
till the voltage drops to minimum
There are automated testers for that, but you can also set up your own
tester as there is no rocket science to it.
In essence it is a circuit to measure voltage and this can be as simple
as a voltage watchdog that is used in
microprocessor circuits, plus a way to take its control output and turn
off a load, for example a heavy duty relay.

As a load for a 6V battery most people use a piece of wire that will
give you a somewhat constant current.
By measuring time from the moment the test starts with a fully charged
battery to the moment the relay
is disengaged due to reaching minimum voltage on the battery, and
multiplying by the current through the wire,
you can estimate its capacity.
I once needed a way to measure this discharge time on my battery tester
and so I took a cheap clock that runs
from a single AA battery, removed the battery and replaced with 3 diodes
in series in forward direction and a parallel electrolytic
capacitor. Then I used a resistor to feed the clock from the load
resistor, so it would run as long as the load is powered.
I could reset the hands to 12:00 and start the test, when it stopped the
hands would tell me how long it ran...
Since the clock needs only a few milliamp, I did not affect the test
with the clock. I think I used a 1k Ohm resistor,
while the resistance of the wire I used was about 0.15 Ohms, resulting
in 80 Amps discharge at 12V.
Mark each battery that has decent capacity and set the duds aside for
recycling (you should get some money for them!
I returned the bad batteries from a "need new batteries" EV to O'Reilly
and have still not spent everything that they
put on the gift card...)
After going through all, you have a good idea if it makes sense to use
the 16 best or you need a new pack...
Success!
Cor.

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of harry henderson
via EV
Sent: Friday, May 26, 2017 4:47 PM
To: ev@lists.evdl.org
Subject: [EVDL] looking for cheap load tester for trojan T125 6v
floodies

the 16 trojan T125 6v floodies in my bradley are 5 years old with around
5k-10k miles on them, however, because of abuse and negligent some to
all of them need replaced.  i am retireing my 69 bus that has 20 trojan
T125 6v floodies from the same pallet and those batteries are in better
shape.  i would like to have an easy and cheap way to find the best 16
batteries out of those 36.  would specific gravity be enough or should i
get a load tester?  if i need a load tester would either of these below
suffice to at least let me rank the batteries.  i don't think either are
perfect solutions but maybe good enough to weed out the worst of the
batteries?

http://www.ebay.com/itm/New-Battery-Load-Tester-100-Amp-Load-Type-6V-12V
-Mechanics-6-12-Volt-Car-Truck-/400774129287?hash=item5d4fffe687:g:I-gAA
OSwhQhYyBBw

http://www.ebay.com/itm/6V-12V-500-Amp-Carbon-Pile-Battery-Load-Tester-A
lternator-Starter-1000A-Testing-/400801422805?hash=item5d51a05dd5:g:EFEA
AOSw8w1YBSTQ

harry Albuquerque, NM current bike:
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/1179 current non-bike:
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[EVDL] looking for cheap load tester for trojan T125 6v floodies

2017-05-26 Thread harry henderson via EV
the 16 trojan T125 6v floodies in my bradley are 5 years old with around 5k-10k 
miles on them, however, because of abuse and negligent some to all of them need 
replaced.  i am retireing my 69 bus that has 20 trojan T125 6v floodies from 
the same pallet and those batteries are in better shape.  i would like to have 
an easy and cheap way to find the best 16 batteries out of those 36.  would 
specific gravity be enough or should i get a load tester?  if i need a load 
tester would either of these below suffice to at least let me rank the 
batteries.  i don't think either are perfect solutions but maybe good enough to 
weed out the worst of the batteries?

http://www.ebay.com/itm/New-Battery-Load-Tester-100-Amp-Load-Type-6V-12V-Mechanics-6-12-Volt-Car-Truck-/400774129287?hash=item5d4fffe687:g:I-gAAOSwhQhYyBBw

http://www.ebay.com/itm/6V-12V-500-Amp-Carbon-Pile-Battery-Load-Tester-Alternator-Starter-1000A-Testing-/400801422805?hash=item5d51a05dd5:g:EFEAAOSw8w1YBSTQ

harry Albuquerque, NM current bike:  http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/1179 
current non-bike: http://evalbum.com/1000
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Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread Willie via EV



On 05/26/2017 05:58 PM, Robert Pike via EV wrote:

Ask for volunteer drivers to take them  from California to North Carolina.
That would be quite an adventure.


Adventure is my middle name.  I've bored you here with tales of moving 
imievs beyond their range by towing with a Tesla.  Effectively, charging 
the imievs at SuperChargers.  If a tow bar can be rigged on a Leaf, it 
would be pretty straight forward.  If a well spaced Supercharge route 
can be identified, it seems TWO Leafs might be moved by one Tesla.

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Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread Robert Pike via EV
Ask for volunteer drivers to take them  from California to North Carolina.
That would be quite an adventure.

On Fri, May 26, 2017 at 1:21 PM, Cor van de Water via EV <ev@lists.evdl.org>
wrote:

> Bill,
> Maybe organize a transport of a couple from California?
> I have 2 Leafs that I can't get sold for a reasonable price here.
> Cor.
>
> -Original Message-
> From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of Bill Collins
> via EV
> Sent: Friday, May 26, 2017 1:09 PM
> To: ev@lists.evdl.org; ev-requ...@lists.evdl.org
> Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut
>
> No glut in NC. The used car dealer that used to have a dozen in stock
> now has none and it's difficult to find any less than $10k
>
> Bill
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>
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Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread Cor van de Water via EV
Bill,
Maybe organize a transport of a couple from California?
I have 2 Leafs that I can't get sold for a reasonable price here.
Cor.

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of Bill Collins
via EV
Sent: Friday, May 26, 2017 1:09 PM
To: ev@lists.evdl.org; ev-requ...@lists.evdl.org
Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

No glut in NC. The used car dealer that used to have a dozen in stock
now has none and it's difficult to find any less than $10k

Bill
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Re: [EVDL] Low-mileage Leaf EV glut

2017-05-26 Thread Bill Collins via EV
No glut in NC. The used car dealer that used to have a dozen in stock now has 
none and it's difficult to find any less than $10k

Bill
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Re: [EVDL] Design News: Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Ups Ante With Advanced Solid-State Rechargeable

2017-05-26 Thread Peter Eckhoff via EV

Alan,

What article are you referencing?

I think I would rephrase your second sentence and make it into the form 
of a question:  "Is this another one?"


With a question, it opens up avenues to search on the inventor, his or 
her reputation, and what needs to be solved to bring it to market.   It 
provides a better picture of the situation.




On 5/25/17, 10:39 PM, Alan Arrison via EV wrote:


Over the years I've seen entirely too many "battery breakthroughs" 
announced that never got into production.


This is another one. :-/


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Re: [EVDL] EV air conditioning/heat (newswire posts for 20170526)

2017-05-26 Thread Bill Dube via EV

On 5/26/2017 1:50 AM, brucedp5 via EV wrote:

How (Tesla) EV air conditioning works> (also minimizes pack-cell temp
variations)
The article has outdated information and the author does not fully 
understand how the Tesla heating system works. Here is how it really works:
https://www.quora.com/How-does-the-interior-AC-and-heater-work-in-a-Tesla-or-other-electric-cars 



Most folks don't understand how "reverse cycle" A/C works. (Also called 
a "heat pump".) Many modern EV's have a heat pump arrangement in 
addition to a simple resistive type heater. The heat pump is 3 or 4 
times as efficient as a resistive heater in all but the coldest outside 
temperatures, resulting in far less energy use for the same cabin heat. 
The resistive heater is only used below about -15 Celsius outside 
temperature, when the heat pump becomes ineffective.


Basically, with an arrangement of valves, they run the A/C system 
backwards. It is like taking out your window A/C unit and putting it in 
backwards. It absorbs heat from the cooler outside air and "squeezes" it 
out to the warmer inside air. Thus the term "heat pump" as you are 
"pumping" heat "up hill". One third to one fourth the energy use than an 
equivalent resistive heater.


Bill D.

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[EVDL] ot Nissan Rogue collision-avoidance demo mows down presenter.cn (Not an EV)

2017-05-26 Thread brucedp5 via EV


% She's earned her paycheck ... I hope this doesn't happen using an EV= bad
pr %

http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/cars/808147/Nissan-collision-avoidance-woman-ran-over-China
Woman mown down as Nissan safety system demonstration goes wrong
A DEMONSTRATION of a collision avoidance feature of a brand new Nissan Rogue
took a shocking turn when the car mows the volunteer down.
May 23, 2017  Luke John Smith

[video  flash
//players.brightcove.net/2540076170001/ByveBcs0_default/index.html?videoId=5444703936001
(mows down presenter.cn)


images  
http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/24/590x/Nissan-Rogue-driver-assistance-system-crash-women-knocked-over-808147.jpg
Nissan safety demonstration goes wrong as woman gets mown down

http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/24/590x/Nissan-Rogue-driver-assistance-system-crash-women-knocked-over-808147.jpg
]

This is the shocking moment a woman demonstrating the driver assistance
system was knocked down by the SUV. 

According to reports the employee operating the car of the new Rogue, tapped
the on-board screen twice which turned the fail-safe on and off again. 

The vehicle was on display at the Spring Auto Show in Dazhou City, China on
May 20th when the incident took place.

It failed to brake, which it does automatically using the system, smashing
into the hostess. 

Woman knocked over Nissan demonstrationASIAWIRE
Nissan safety demonstration goes wrong as woman gets mown down

Organisers of the event have said that the system failed due to “improper
operation” by the staff. 

The driver was said to be “unfamiliar” with the advanced system. 

Introducing the car, the presenter stands in front of the vehicle,
describing Nissan’s Forward Emergency braking software to the car. 

She is then struck by the car and knocked to the floor, when the system
doesn’t intervene, leaving her with bruises and resulting in her being sent
to hospital for check-ups, revealed Chinese media automhom.com. 

The system is supposed to prevent accidents by automatically braking when it
detects obstacles ahead.
[© express.co.uk]
...
[video
https://youtu.be/_8nnhUCtcO8
(ice mows down men)
]




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[EVDL] EVLN: EV-newswire posts for 20170526

2017-05-26 Thread brucedp5 via EV


http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-2018-I-Pace-EV-Spotted-Testing-gt-Spy-Pics-from-Monaco-v-td4686873.html
EVLN: 2018 I-Pace EV Spotted Testing> Spy Pics from Monaco (v)
British luxury car manufacturer Jaguar is all set to debut its electric
crossover, the ... Jaguar's first electric vehicle was shooting a
promotional video to show off its ...

http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-Hand-out-free-145kW-unlimited-use-Tesla-Supercharging-5times-td4686872.html
EVLN: Hand-out free 145kW unlimited-use Tesla Supercharging 5times
One of the coolest perks of owning a Tesla electric vehicle was free,
unlimited use of its Supercharger network of 145-kW fast chargers. Then, the
program went ...

http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/EVLN-How-Tesla-EV-air-conditioning-works-gt-also-minimizes-pack-cell-temp-variations-td4686871.html
EVLN: How (Tesla) EV air conditioning works> (also minimizes pack-cell temp
variations)
Here's how the air conditioning system in an electric car works
But as almost everyone in the automobile industry is saying, the future is
electric. Like IC engine-powered cars, electric cars have ACs too, but
instead of using ...

+
http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/CR-s-love-hate-of-Tesla-CR-believes-Tesla-needs-CR-Tesla-does-what-s-right-for-Tesla-tp4686870.html
CR's love/hate of Tesla> (CR believes Tesla needs CR, Tesla does what's
right for Tesla)
Consumer Reports restores some points to Tesla electric cars ...
Tesla had long been a darling of Consumer Reports magazine since the time
the Model S electric car was first revealed, and it consistently scored well
in the ...

http://electric-vehicle-discussion-list.413529.n4.nabble.com/Electric-Tahoe-Truckee-I-80-amp-Hwy50-gt-needs-dual-L3-DC-EVSE-every-50mi-td4686869.html
Electric Tahoe-Truckee I-80& Hwy50> (needs dual L3 DC EVSE every 50mi)
Tahoe wants to be part of surge in electric vehicles
KINGS BEACH – Creating an electric highway in the Sierra is under way. It
would encompass Highway 50 on the South Shore and Interstate 80 on the North
…




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Re: [EVDL] Design News: Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Ups Ante With Advanced Solid-State Rechargeable

2017-05-26 Thread EVDL Administrator via EV
On 25 May 2017 at 23:11, Brandon Hines via EV wrote:

> what would [be Goodenough's] motivation to make an outrageous or bogus
> claim.  It is not like he is shopping his invention to venture
> capitalist. 

I doubt that he's doing anything like that.  But all kinds of bad things can 
nuke a promising product between the lab and the marketplace.  

The development works in the lab model, but doesn't scale to a useful size.  
They can't find a way to produce it practically or affordably.  It needs 
some kind of material that only comes from politically unstable parts of the 
world.  A couple of prototypes blow up or burn, and the negative PR kills it 
(see: Ford Ecostar and the sodium sulfur battery*).  Something else better 
or cheaper comes along before it's developed, and grabs the potential 
market.  

They're working with public funding, and some rich person sees a threat to 
his established market and lobbies the government to take the funding away 
(see: Koch brothers and solar energy).  Or new politicians come along and 
take it away just because that's what they do (see: Ronald Reagan moves into 
the White House and immediately has the Carter PV panels ripped off its 
roof).  The market changes and the invention becomes a white elephant, at 
least in the short term (see: cheap fuel and late 1970s - early 1980s EV and 
battery research).

The developers team up with larger partners who argue over goals, push out 
the originators, bring in their own guys, and run it into the ground (see: 
Renaissance Cars Tropica / Zebra / Xebra).  Or the inventor sells the rights 
to some large corporation which then sits on it, or sells it someone else 
who sits on it (see Ovonics).  

The list goes on and on and on.  The system doesn't like change, and wires 
around it in any way it can.

Even when the system works, practical application can take a long time.  The 
first experimental lithium ion batteries were developed in 1980, IIRC.  The 
first commercial lithium ion battery was released 11 years later.  Lion 
didn't become all that common in (expensive) portable electronic gadgets 
until at least 1992 or 1993.

FWIW, the first Lion-powered EV I know of was the Altra EV, a rather sizable 
wagon based on a Japanese-market Nissan.  Nissan built 200 of them between 
1997 and 2001.  Some of our older California correspondents may remember the 
Altra.  I wouldn't be surprised if Bruce Parmentier got to drive one.  ;-) 

Altras used Sony lithium-cobalt and Hitachi lithium- manganese modules. The 
range was stated as "up to" 120 or 140 miles, with 70- 100 miles considered 
more realistic.  

The range numbers sound a lot loke the Leaf's, don't they? It seems as if 20 
years haven't really changed much in that respect, they've mostly just 
brought the price down to affordable levels.

*Ford developed the sodium-sulfur battery in 1965, but they didn't actually 
use it in an EV until 1991.  That was the Ecostar van.  Two of the pre-
production samples caught fire while charging.  That made a good excuse to 
abandon the project.

David Roden - Akron, Ohio, USA
EVDL Administrator

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