Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Michael Ross via EV]

My EV trike (tadpole config) is pretty sensitive to toe in.  It is
indeed squirrely-er when it is most efficient. You want toe in so that
when one wheel hits a bump the other wheel tends to center the vehicle
not send it wide. You can really feel it of it is neutral or toe out.

I think you always want a little toe in, never anything else, and only
a little tiny bit, no need for the complication of on the fly
adjustment.

On Mon, May 1, 2017 at 10:24 PM, Lee Hart via EV  wrote:
> Cor van de Water via EV wrote:
>>
>> I have done the toe-adjustment on my "Classic" (2002) Prius many years
>> ago (2004)
>> And indeed noticed that although the mileage was slightly better, it
>> also became more "squirrely" to drive at speed.
>
>
> I wonder if it would be worthwhile to provide "automatic" toe-in adjustment
> to a car? Add a motorized servo that can tweak the toe-in, to take up the
> slack caused by slight misalignment, play, or "give" in the suspension?
> --
> Obsolete (Ob-so-LETE). Adjective. 1. Something that is simple,
> reliable, straightforward, readily available, easy to use, and
> affordable. 2. Not what the salesman wants you to buy.
> --
> Lee Hart, 814 8th Ave N, Sartell MN 56377, www.sunrise-ev.com
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-- 
To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.
Thomas A. Edison

A public-opinion poll is no substitute for thought.
Warren Buffet

Michael E. Ross
(919) 585-6737 Land
(919) 576-0824 Mobile and Google Phone

michael.e.r...@gmail.com
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Lee Hart via EV]

Cor van de Water via EV wrote:

I have done the toe-adjustment on my "Classic" (2002) Prius many years
ago (2004)
And indeed noticed that although the mileage was slightly better, it
also became more "squirrely" to drive at speed.


I wonder if it would be worthwhile to provide "automatic" toe-in adjustment to a 
car? Add a motorized servo that can tweak the toe-in, to take up the slack 
caused by slight misalignment, play, or "give" in the suspension?

--
Obsolete (Ob-so-LETE). Adjective. 1. Something that is simple,
reliable, straightforward, readily available, easy to use, and
affordable. 2. Not what the salesman wants you to buy.
--
Lee Hart, 814 8th Ave N, Sartell MN 56377, www.sunrise-ev.com
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Hoegberg via EV]

Från: EV  för Bill Dube via EV 
Skickat: den 29 april 2017 09:21
Till: Cor van de Water; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

> Ideally, the car should be loaded as it will be most often driven.

> Years ago when I had my electric Wabbit aligned for minimum rolling
> resistance, I actually sat in the driver's seat while the car was on the
> alignment machine. They then set the wheels for as close to straight
> ahead as possible.


-Aha, So you did not use the motor-torq at
stand still to simulate for higher speed road driving?

maybe that could be an interesting test to do?
Use F&R ,apply the torq needed for 80kmh
and look at the adjustment tools, if it is a
lot then some component might be in slightly bad shape?

/ John
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Bill Dube via EV]

Ideally, the car should be loaded as it will be most often driven.

Years ago when I had my electric Wabbit aligned for minimum rolling 
resistance, I actually sat in the driver's seat while the car was on the 
alignment machine. They then set the wheels for as close to straight 
ahead as possible. They gave it the very slightest touch of toe-in, just 
to keep the wheels from shimmying. They also set the caster and camber 
for optimal rolling resistance. Caster doesn't matter much, but camber 
does. The wheels should be set with zero camber. (Vertical.) Zero camber 
does make a _slight_ difference in handling, but I wasn't planning an 
autocross.  The low center of gravity in an EV reduces the need for 
non-zero camber. It handled great, regardless.


I got out of the car after they were finished, while it was still on the 
alignment machine, and you could see that the alignment changed without 
my weight in the vehicle. I got back in, and the alignment moved back. 
It makes a significant difference. (And no, I'm am not that heavy. :-) )


Bill D.
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[paul dove via EV]

The I-MiEV is RWD

Sent from my iPhone

> On Apr 28, 2017, at 5:08 PM, Cor van de Water via EV  
> wrote:
> 
> Hi Paul,
> Most cars are set for a slight toe-in, but considering that in FWD cars, the 
> wheels are pulling the car,
> Then tend to get a slight bit more toe-in dynamically when driving, so to 
> give them a neutral toe
> You need to set them a hair toe-out in rest.
> I do this myself on a flat and level road/parking lot.
> I also keep a note of how much I turned the tie rod, so I can easily set it 
> back to where it was.
> Also, I work on only one tie-rod as the changes are so minimal that you don't 
> notice the steering wheel "straight" being off.
> My last improvement from 3.9 to 4.9 miles per kWh was achieved by turning the 
> tie rod only 1/2 turn "shorter"
> (turning the inner tie rod further into the outer tie rod, shortening it by 
> 1/2 thread width)
> Using just one crescent wrench, this was 2 minutes work.
> Hope this helps,
> Cor.
> 
> -Original Message-
> From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of paul dove via EV
> Sent: Friday, April 28, 2017 3:39 AM
> To: Hoegberg; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
> Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
> 
> I wonder if that would help on my I-MiEV ?  I thought I had lost quite a bit 
> of range but I put 40 psi in the tires and I recovered half of what I lost. 
> Anyone know the proper alignment on a I-MiEV?
> 
> Sent from my iPhone
> 
>> On Apr 28, 2017, at 2:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV  wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> ____________
>> Från: EV  för Cor van de Water via EV 
>> 
>> Skickat: den 28 april 2017 02:25
>> Till: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
>> Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
>> 
>>> After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
>> (I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck) But today 
>> I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not Sitting for too 
>> long.
>>> Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
>> Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
>> Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8 So, 
>> apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving Your 
>> Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
>> This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
>> Cor.
>> 
>> 
>> - Thank you for the report, interesting!
>> What is the battery-power at 70(or90) kmh?
>> 
>> How to convert that "efficiency"-number to standard energy 
>> consumption?  (kWh/100km)
>> 
>> I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it did help a 
>> lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment - needs a bit more 
>> active driver on the steering wheel,
>> 
>> It would be interesting to try to adjust it *live* and watch the power 
>> needed when running 90kmh or so.
>> 
>> Also the main problem with this fossil-car is the engine..
>> it uses more energy than the leaf per km, just at no load to turn the 
>> crankshaft and other tings..
>> and about 4-5 times more energy when running 90kmh
>> 
>> It takes about 2kwh per 10 km *at engine idle* no load, with the 
>> clutch down in 60 kmh..
>> 
>> /john
>> -- next part -- An HTML attachment was 
>> scrubbed...
>> URL: 
>> <http://lists.evdl.org/private.cgi/ev-evdl.org/attachments/20170428/86
>> e3ab89/attachment.htm> ___
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>> racing at NEDRA (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA)
>> 
> 
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Cor van de Water via EV]

Then the front should be free-rolling, so setting it to neutral should be the 
goal. 

-Original Message-
From: paul dove [mailto:dov...@bellsouth.net] 
Sent: Friday, April 28, 2017 7:13 PM
To: Cor van de Water; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

The I-MiEV is RWD

Sent from my iPhone

> On Apr 28, 2017, at 5:08 PM, Cor van de Water via EV  
> wrote:
> 
> Hi Paul,
> Most cars are set for a slight toe-in, but considering that in FWD 
> cars, the wheels are pulling the car, Then tend to get a slight bit 
> more toe-in dynamically when driving, so to give them a neutral toe You need 
> to set them a hair toe-out in rest.
> I do this myself on a flat and level road/parking lot.
> I also keep a note of how much I turned the tie rod, so I can easily set it 
> back to where it was.
> Also, I work on only one tie-rod as the changes are so minimal that you don't 
> notice the steering wheel "straight" being off.
> My last improvement from 3.9 to 4.9 miles per kWh was achieved by turning the 
> tie rod only 1/2 turn "shorter"
> (turning the inner tie rod further into the outer tie rod, shortening 
> it by 1/2 thread width) Using just one crescent wrench, this was 2 minutes 
> work.
> Hope this helps,
> Cor.
> 
> -Original Message-
> From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of paul dove via 
> EV
> Sent: Friday, April 28, 2017 3:39 AM
> To: Hoegberg; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
> Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
> 
> I wonder if that would help on my I-MiEV ?  I thought I had lost quite a bit 
> of range but I put 40 psi in the tires and I recovered half of what I lost. 
> Anyone know the proper alignment on a I-MiEV?
> 
> Sent from my iPhone
> 
>> On Apr 28, 2017, at 2:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV  wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> ____________
>> Från: EV  för Cor van de Water via EV 
>> 
>> Skickat: den 28 april 2017 02:25
>> Till: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
>> Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
>> 
>>> After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
>> (I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck) But today 
>> I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not Sitting for too 
>> long.
>>> Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
>> Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
>> Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8 So, 
>> apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving Your 
>> Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
>> This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
>> Cor.
>> 
>> 
>> - Thank you for the report, interesting!
>> What is the battery-power at 70(or90) kmh?
>> 
>> How to convert that "efficiency"-number to standard energy 
>> consumption?  (kWh/100km)
>> 
>> I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it did help a 
>> lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment - needs a bit more 
>> active driver on the steering wheel,
>> 
>> It would be interesting to try to adjust it *live* and watch the 
>> power needed when running 90kmh or so.
>> 
>> Also the main problem with this fossil-car is the engine..
>> it uses more energy than the leaf per km, just at no load to turn the 
>> crankshaft and other tings..
>> and about 4-5 times more energy when running 90kmh
>> 
>> It takes about 2kwh per 10 km *at engine idle* no load, with the 
>> clutch down in 60 kmh..
>> 
>> /john
>> -- next part -- An HTML attachment was 
>> scrubbed...
>> URL: 
>> <http://lists.evdl.org/private.cgi/ev-evdl.org/attachments/20170428/8
>> 6 e3ab89/attachment.htm> 
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>> Read EVAngel's EV News at http://evdl.org/evln/ Please discuss EV 
>> drag racing at NEDRA (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA)
>> 
> 
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Cor van de Water via EV]

Hi Paul,
Most cars are set for a slight toe-in, but considering that in FWD cars, the 
wheels are pulling the car,
Then tend to get a slight bit more toe-in dynamically when driving, so to give 
them a neutral toe
You need to set them a hair toe-out in rest.
I do this myself on a flat and level road/parking lot.
I also keep a note of how much I turned the tie rod, so I can easily set it 
back to where it was.
Also, I work on only one tie-rod as the changes are so minimal that you don't 
notice the steering wheel "straight" being off.
My last improvement from 3.9 to 4.9 miles per kWh was achieved by turning the 
tie rod only 1/2 turn "shorter"
(turning the inner tie rod further into the outer tie rod, shortening it by 1/2 
thread width)
Using just one crescent wrench, this was 2 minutes work.
Hope this helps,
Cor.

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of paul dove via EV
Sent: Friday, April 28, 2017 3:39 AM
To: Hoegberg; Electric Vehicle Discussion List
Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

I wonder if that would help on my I-MiEV ?  I thought I had lost quite a bit of 
range but I put 40 psi in the tires and I recovered half of what I lost. Anyone 
know the proper alignment on a I-MiEV?

Sent from my iPhone

> On Apr 28, 2017, at 2:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV  wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Från: EV  för Cor van de Water via EV 
> 
> Skickat: den 28 april 2017 02:25
> Till: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
> Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
> 
>> After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
> (I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck) But today 
> I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not Sitting for too 
> long.
>> Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
> Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
> Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8 So, 
> apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving Your 
> Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
> This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
> Cor.
> 
> 
> - Thank you for the report, interesting!
>  What is the battery-power at 70(or90) kmh?
> 
> How to convert that "efficiency"-number to standard energy 
> consumption?  (kWh/100km)
> 
> I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it did help a 
> lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment - needs a bit more 
> active driver on the steering wheel,
> 
> It would be interesting to try to adjust it *live* and watch the power 
> needed when running 90kmh or so.
> 
> Also the main problem with this fossil-car is the engine..
> it uses more energy than the leaf per km, just at no load to turn the 
> crankshaft and other tings..
> and about 4-5 times more energy when running 90kmh
> 
> It takes about 2kwh per 10 km *at engine idle* no load, with the 
> clutch down in 60 kmh..
> 
> /john
> -- next part -- An HTML attachment was 
> scrubbed...
> URL: 
> <http://lists.evdl.org/private.cgi/ev-evdl.org/attachments/20170428/86
> e3ab89/attachment.htm> ___
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> racing at NEDRA (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NEDRA)
> 

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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[paul dove via EV]

I wonder if that would help on my I-MiEV ?  I thought I had lost quite a bit of 
range but I put 40 psi in the tires and I recovered half of what I lost. Anyone 
know the proper alignment on a I-MiEV?

Sent from my iPhone

> On Apr 28, 2017, at 2:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV  wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Från: EV  för Cor van de Water via EV 
> 
> Skickat: den 28 april 2017 02:25
> Till: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
> Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!
> 
>> After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
> (I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck)
> But today I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not
> Sitting for too long.
>> Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
> Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
> Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8
> So, apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving
> Your Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
> This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
> Cor.
> 
> 
> - Thank you for the report, interesting!
>  What is the battery-power at 70(or90) kmh?
> 
> How to convert that "efficiency"-number to standard
> energy consumption?  (kWh/100km)
> 
> I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it
> did help a lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment -
> needs a bit more active driver on the steering wheel,
> 
> It would be interesting to try to adjust it *live* and watch
> the power needed when running 90kmh or so.
> 
> Also the main problem with this fossil-car is the engine..
> it uses more energy than the leaf per km,
> just at no load to turn the crankshaft and other tings..
> and about 4-5 times more energy when running 90kmh
> 
> It takes about 2kwh per 10 km *at engine idle*
> no load, with the clutch down in 60 kmh..
> 
> /john
> -- next part --
> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
> URL: 
> <http://lists.evdl.org/private.cgi/ev-evdl.org/attachments/20170428/86e3ab89/attachment.htm>
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Cor van de Water via EV]

I have done the toe-adjustment on my "Classic" (2002) Prius many years
ago (2004)
And indeed noticed that although the mileage was slightly better, it
also became more "squirrely" to drive at speed.

For the Leaf with the same adjustment, there is nothing of the sort, it
does feel like it steers lighter than before
But there is no sensation of diverging steering that I felt with other
cars, so it looks like Nissan did a good job
In optimizing the Leaf to allow minimal friction by setting a slight
toe-out and still having a refined feel to the steering.
I was actually surprised by that.
Cor.

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of Willie via EV
Sent: Friday, April 28, 2017 4:47 AM
To: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
Subject: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!



On 04/28/2017 02:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV wrote:

> I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it did help a 
> lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment - needs a bit more 
> active driver on the steering wheel,

As you probably noticed, a car with slight toe out or zero toe in will
likely "wander".  That is, the driver will constantly be making
corrections in steering direction.

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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Willie via EV]

On 04/28/2017 02:22 AM, Hoegberg via EV wrote:


I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it
did help a lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment -
needs a bit more active driver on the steering wheel,


As you probably noticed, a car with slight toe out or zero toe in will 
likely "wander".  That is, the driver will constantly be making 
corrections in steering direction.


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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Hoegberg via EV]

Från: EV  för Cor van de Water via EV 

Skickat: den 28 april 2017 02:25
Till: Electric Vehicle Discussion List
Ämne: Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

> After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
(I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck)
But today I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not
Sitting for too long.
> Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8
So, apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving
Your Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
Cor.


- Thank you for the report, interesting!
  What is the battery-power at 70(or90) kmh?

How to convert that "efficiency"-number to standard
energy consumption?  (kWh/100km)

I have done this on my Volvo V70 also some years ago, it
did help a lot, but the car with more neutral toe adjustment -
needs a bit more active driver on the steering wheel,

It would be interesting to try to adjust it *live* and watch
the power needed when running 90kmh or so.

Also the main problem with this fossil-car is the engine..
it uses more energy than the leaf per km,
just at no load to turn the crankshaft and other tings..
and about 4-5 times more energy when running 90kmh

It takes about 2kwh per 10 km *at engine idle*
no load, with the clutch down in 60 kmh..

/john
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Re: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Cor van de Water via EV]

After doing the toe-OUT on my Leaf I had parked it for a while
(I am selling it, as I am always driving my electric truck)
But today I decided to take it to work for the day so it is not
Sitting for too long.
Wow! The miles/kWh varied a bit, traffic was mixed, some local and
Some freeway, but it stayed between 4.9 and 5.2 miles/kWh.
Before the toe adjustment, I had difficulty to keep it above 3.8
So, apparently this is an *important* adjustment if you are driving
Your Leaf careful but are not getting the efficiency near 5 mi/kWh.
This is greatly extending the range of my Leaf, now that I know how!
Cor. 

-Original Message-
From: EV [mailto:ev-boun...@lists.evdl.org] On Behalf Of Cor van de
Water via EV
Sent: Saturday, April 22, 2017 1:11 AM
To: ev@lists.evdl.org
Subject: [EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

I have experience with a couple Leafs now, first having bought a Salvage
2011 and fixed it up,

Then later a good 2011 with a new battery that I sold earlier this week
and at the same day

Bought a 2012 with a new battery that a local apartment-dweller had to
sell due to being unable

To plug in anywhere but at the local Nissan dealer... that gets old real
fast.

What struck me already earlier with the Salvage was that its economy was
lower than with the

Other 2011. Not terribly different, but still. Also it tended to squeal
every time I took a turn across

A white line or a railroad track.

Then I got into the 2012 and one of the first things that I noticed was
the efficiency number.

Wow - 4.9 how did they do that?

My Salvage usually did not get better than 3.9 average and the other
2011 used to average 4.4 mi/kWh

So I was curious what was different in the 2012. First thing I looked at
was the toe-in.

Or better: the toe-out.

Looking from next to the front bumper along the front wheels (lining up
the two sidewalls at hub height)

I could see a 1/8" sliver of rear tire on each side. So, the front end
has a slight toe-out and when driving,

Apparently the force to keep moving the car forward will pull the front
wheels to neutral toe, or so I surmised.

Anyway, I went over to the Salvage, which I had as perfect as I could,
set for zero toe before and adjusted the

Toe to slightly toe-out and checked.

Beforehand I had driven a specific route at specific speed and now I
retraced that route.

This also takes me in a U-turn across tracks and the first time the
tires made their usual squeals.

The second time with toe-out, they were silent. Aha.

Also, the efficiency came to 5.1 the first time (this is a low speed
route mostly 35 MPH) while the second time

It read 5.8 (I reset the efficiency timer both times before leaving).

I also put the car in Neutral both times on the same flat section in
front of my driveway and moved the car by hand

Which is a real good indicator of problems: the first time it took me a
bit of effort to push the car, but the second time it moved almost
effortless.

S... if you are not getting the advertised range and you wonder what
you should change to get better mileage while you are trying to drive as

Efficiently as you can already, then adjusting the toe of the EV might
be just the way to get up to 20% more range (!)

At least that is what I surmised from going from 3.9 to 4.9 miles per
kWh!

(Note that I did check tire pressure and all tires on both cars are
above 40 PSI, so that should not make much difference)

Hope this helps,

Cor.

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[EVDL] Low efficiency on your EV? Check the toe-in!

[Cor van de Water via EV]

I have experience with a couple Leafs now, first having bought a Salvage
2011 and fixed it up,

Then later a good 2011 with a new battery that I sold earlier this week
and at the same day

Bought a 2012 with a new battery that a local apartment-dweller had to
sell due to being unable

To plug in anywhere but at the local Nissan dealer... that gets old real
fast.

What struck me already earlier with the Salvage was that its economy was
lower than with the

Other 2011. Not terribly different, but still. Also it tended to squeal
every time I took a turn across

A white line or a railroad track.

Then I got into the 2012 and one of the first things that I noticed was
the efficiency number.

Wow - 4.9 how did they do that?

My Salvage usually did not get better than 3.9 average and the other
2011 used to average 4.4 mi/kWh

So I was curious what was different in the 2012. First thing I looked at
was the toe-in.

Or better: the toe-out.

Looking from next to the front bumper along the front wheels (lining up
the two sidewalls at hub height)

I could see a 1/8" sliver of rear tire on each side. So, the front end
has a slight toe-out and when driving,

Apparently the force to keep moving the car forward will pull the front
wheels to neutral toe, or so I surmised.

Anyway, I went over to the Salvage, which I had as perfect as I could,
set for zero toe before and adjusted the

Toe to slightly toe-out and checked.

Beforehand I had driven a specific route at specific speed and now I
retraced that route.

This also takes me in a U-turn across tracks and the first time the
tires made their usual squeals.

The second time with toe-out, they were silent. Aha.

Also, the efficiency came to 5.1 the first time (this is a low speed
route mostly 35 MPH) while the second time

It read 5.8 (I reset the efficiency timer both times before leaving).

I also put the car in Neutral both times on the same flat section in
front of my driveway and moved the car by hand

Which is a real good indicator of problems: the first time it took me a
bit of effort to push the car, but the second time it moved almost
effortless.

S... if you are not getting the advertised range and you wonder what
you should change to get better mileage while you are trying to drive as

Efficiently as you can already, then adjusting the toe of the EV might
be just the way to get up to 20% more range (!)

At least that is what I surmised from going from 3.9 to 4.9 miles per
kWh!

(Note that I did check tire pressure and all tires on both cars are
above 40 PSI, so that should not make much difference)

Hope this helps,

Cor.

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