On Monday, November 12, 2018 at 8:35:23 PM UTC-6, Bruno Marchal wrote:
>
>
> A model is a model of a theory. The notion of model of a model can make 
> sense, by considering non axiomatisable theory, but that can lead to 
> confusion, so it is better to avoid this. When a model is seen as a theory, 
> if it contains arithmetic, the theory cannot be axiomatised, proofs cannot 
> be checked, the set of theorems is not recursively enumerable, etc.
>
>
> Bruno
>
>
>
This is why some have mathematical theories (alternatives to ZF) that have 
finite (i.e. Only a finite number of numbers needed!) models (e.g. *Jan 
Mycielski,* "Locally Finite Theories" [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2273942 
]). In this approach quantifiers are effectively replaced by typed 
quantifiers, where the type says "this quantifier ranges over some finite 
set".  

Another approach is to nominalize physical theories theories (*Hartry Field*, 
*Science Without Numbers,* summary [ 
http://www.nyu.edu/projects/dorr/teaching/objectivity/Handout.5.10.pdf ]). 
In this approach the model of the theory is a finite set of (references to) 
physical objects.

This is the best point-of-view to have: *The set of natural numbers simply 
doesn't exist!*

- pt


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