Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

How to build a potassium ion dispenser.

Prepare a 5:1 molar mixture(5 parts calcium to one part KCl) of Calcium and
potassium chloride KCl with both chemicals in a powdered form. Since the
chemical reaction depends on adequate fresh and abundant calcium surface
area, At a minimum use a powder of Calcium prepared using a jeweler’s file
and sieved through a woven wire mesh ~0.07 mm wire with 0.15 mm apertures.
But the finer the powder mixture is the better.

It could be that grinding the Calcium and potassium chloride KCl mixture in
a mortar and pestle until the finest possible powder is produced might be
optimal.

 This mixture was put into a small ‘‘boat’’ made from 0.125 mm thick
Nichrome comprised of ~80%–20% nickel–chromium alloy foil that had been
flame annealed, then mechanically cleaned and electro-polished.

Electrical leads, 1 mm nickel wires, are spot welded to foil tabs on both
sides of the boat. An efficiency of 20% potassium release can be expected
but this efficiency is directly proportional to the quality and fineness of
the calcium particles.
.
Apply current to get the temperature of the ‘boat’ up to 1400C. This is
close to the melting point of Nichrome. An option is to make the boat out
of tungsten to achieve higher temperatures. The higher the boat
temperature, the more potassium ions are produced.

The boiling point of the reactant calcium chloride is 1935 °C (anhydrous).
This is the maximum temperature we need to stay under.

Implementation is directed by detailed engineering constraints.






On Sun, Mar 25, 2012 at 1:42 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Creating cesium vapor is easier said than done.
>
> This way may be the least expensive way to do it.
>
> http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA524737
>
> From this reference on page 60
>
>
>
> Cesium Source Materials
>
>
>
>1. Titanium:Cesium Chromate Dispenser
>
>
>
> The first generation UM dispenser cathodes contained a bi-metallic
> compound made of titanium powder and cesium chromate (Ti:CrCs2O4) mixed at
> a 5:1 ratio and hand pressed into small pellets. At a temperature of 425°C
> the chromate reacts with titanium leaving free cesium in the dispenser
> cavity.
>
>
>
> This may fit in with your design since chromium and titanium are
> non-reactive in what you are doing.
>
> * *
>
> * *
>
>
> On Sat, Mar 24, 2012 at 5:26 PM, Jojo Jaro  wrote:
>
>> **
>> Axil, thanks mucho.  You've given me a lot to chew on.  This will take me
>> a while to intergrate all your design guidelines.  These are the kinds of
>> design directions that I would like to hear more of.
>>
>> Already, I've figured out a way to integrate your "double wall" design.
>> This was something that did not cross my mind.  Your input bringing this to
>> my attention is very helpful.  I've been struggling a little bit on how to
>> improve convection and flow inside the reactor and frankly, your novel
>> double wall design did not enter my mind.  Thanks
>>
>> Now, I need to figure out a way to integrate an adjustable powder plate
>> and think of a way to include a transparent glass for viewing.
>>
>> Keep it coming.  I appreciate it.
>>
>>
>> Jojo
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> - Original Message -
>> *From:* Axil Axil 
>> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com
>> *Cc:* jth...@hotmail.com
>> *Sent:* Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:41 AM
>> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>>
>> JoJo:
>>
>> Sorry for taking so long, but I wanted to think about my response for a
>> while.
>>
>>
>>
>> This maybe a lot more feedback then you ever wanted, it so … apologies.
>>
>>
>>
>> You need not take this following design whole cloth; it is an attempt to
>> describe some design priorities I think are important.
>>
>>
>>
>> The vertical cylinder is a good design because it is best to confine high
>> pressure hydrogen. You cannot find a square hydrogen tank.
>>
>>
>>
>> Temperature control inside the reactor is important. Your reactor should
>> include a number of heat zones.  Experimentally, it is important to know
>> how hot each zone gets. If you don’t do this you are flying blind. Without
>> knowing what is going on inside your reactor in detail, it will be hard to
>> determine if you are making progress.
>>
>>
>>
>> The more debugging tools that you can come up with, the more progress you
>> will make in the long run.
>>
>>
>>
>> One zone would be close to the spark.  Another would be on the powder;
>> finely, the coldest part of the cylinder (where it contacts the steam)

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Hi Robin



What micro-cavity physics does not explain is transmutation in liquid. For
example, in the referenced experiment at the top of this thread, a solution
of uranium salt in liquid was transmuted away from the plasma channel. No
cavity was involved.



Regards**


On Sun, Mar 25, 2012 at 6:06 PM,  wrote:

> In reply to  Roarty, Francis X's message of Tue, 20 Mar 2012 18:09:18
> +:
> Hi Francis,
> [snip]
> Have you considered that if the nature of space time itself changes within
> a
> cavity, then if may affect the propagation of all the forces (including the
> nuclear force)?
>
> Regards,
>
> Robin van Spaandonk
>
> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[mixent]

In reply to  Roarty, Francis X's message of Tue, 20 Mar 2012 18:09:18 +:
Hi Francis,
[snip]
Have you considered that if the nature of space time itself changes within a
cavity, then if may affect the propagation of all the forces (including the
nuclear force)?

Regards,

Robin van Spaandonk

http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

*Cesium can be dangerous*

*See *

*http://www.espimetals.com/index.php/msds/492-cesium-chromate*

*for hazards data*


On Sun, Mar 25, 2012 at 1:42 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

>  Creating cesium vapor is easier said than done.
>
> This way may be the least expensive way to do it.
>
> http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA524737
>
> From this reference on page 60
>
>
>
> Cesium Source Materials
>
>
>
>1. Titanium:Cesium Chromate Dispenser
>
>
>
> The first generation UM dispenser cathodes contained a bi-metallic
> compound made of titanium powder and cesium chromate (Ti:CrCs2O4) mixed at
> a 5:1 ratio and hand pressed into small pellets. At a temperature of 425°C
> the chromate reacts with titanium leaving free cesium in the dispenser
> cavity.
>
>
>
> This may fit in with your design since chromium and titanium are
> non-reactive in what you are doing.
>
> * *
>
> * *
>
>
> On Sat, Mar 24, 2012 at 5:26 PM, Jojo Jaro  wrote:
>
>> **
>> Axil, thanks mucho.  You've given me a lot to chew on.  This will take me
>> a while to intergrate all your design guidelines.  These are the kinds of
>> design directions that I would like to hear more of.
>>
>> Already, I've figured out a way to integrate your "double wall" design.
>> This was something that did not cross my mind.  Your input bringing this to
>> my attention is very helpful.  I've been struggling a little bit on how to
>> improve convection and flow inside the reactor and frankly, your novel
>> double wall design did not enter my mind.  Thanks
>>
>> Now, I need to figure out a way to integrate an adjustable powder plate
>> and think of a way to include a transparent glass for viewing.
>>
>> Keep it coming.  I appreciate it.
>>
>>
>> Jojo
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> - Original Message -
>> *From:* Axil Axil 
>> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com
>> *Cc:* jth...@hotmail.com
>> *Sent:* Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:41 AM
>> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>>
>> JoJo:
>>
>> Sorry for taking so long, but I wanted to think about my response for a
>> while.
>>
>>
>>
>> This maybe a lot more feedback then you ever wanted, it so … apologies.
>>
>>
>>
>> You need not take this following design whole cloth; it is an attempt to
>> describe some design priorities I think are important.
>>
>>
>>
>> The vertical cylinder is a good design because it is best to confine high
>> pressure hydrogen. You cannot find a square hydrogen tank.
>>
>>
>>
>> Temperature control inside the reactor is important. Your reactor should
>> include a number of heat zones.  Experimentally, it is important to know
>> how hot each zone gets. If you don’t do this you are flying blind. Without
>> knowing what is going on inside your reactor in detail, it will be hard to
>> determine if you are making progress.
>>
>>
>>
>> The more debugging tools that you can come up with, the more progress you
>> will make in the long run.
>>
>>
>>
>> One zone would be close to the spark.  Another would be on the powder;
>> finely, the coldest part of the cylinder (where it contacts the steam)
>> where condensation of the catalyst might take place.
>>
>> I would include a transparent window that lets through visible light and
>> infrared radiation in your design.  Place it in a convenient location on
>> the surface of the cylinder… maybe at its top… where you can see all or at
>> least most of these zones. This will allow you to remotely measure their
>> temperature somehow, say with an infrared thermometer.
>>
>>
>>
>> Design the experimental reactor so that you can clean the inside of the
>> window. It is no good having a window if you can’t see through it.
>>
>>
>>
>> Include a thin walled pipe axially positioned inside the cylinder to act
>> as a chimney. Hot gas will rise up the pipe to the top of the cylinder, and
>> then the gas will cool at the top of the cylinder then descend down the
>> exterior side of the pipe between that exterior pipe wall and the inside
>> surface of the cylinder. The gas will be further cooled by the inside
>> surface of the cylinder if its outside surface is in contact with water
>> and/or steam.
>>
>>
>>
>> This double wall configuration will establish a strong circular
>> convective gas flow between hot zones and cold zones.
>>
>>
>>
>> Place the spark at the bottom of

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Creating cesium vapor is easier said than done.

This way may be the least expensive way to do it.

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA524737

>From this reference on page 60



Cesium Source Materials



   1. Titanium:Cesium Chromate Dispenser



The first generation UM dispenser cathodes contained a bi-metallic compound
made of titanium powder and cesium chromate (Ti:CrCs2O4) mixed at a 5:1
ratio and hand pressed into small pellets. At a temperature of 425°C the
chromate reacts with titanium leaving free cesium in the dispenser cavity.



This may fit in with your design since chromium and titanium are
non-reactive in what you are doing.

* *

* *


On Sat, Mar 24, 2012 at 5:26 PM, Jojo Jaro  wrote:

> **
> Axil, thanks mucho.  You've given me a lot to chew on.  This will take me
> a while to intergrate all your design guidelines.  These are the kinds of
> design directions that I would like to hear more of.
>
> Already, I've figured out a way to integrate your "double wall" design.
> This was something that did not cross my mind.  Your input bringing this to
> my attention is very helpful.  I've been struggling a little bit on how to
> improve convection and flow inside the reactor and frankly, your novel
> double wall design did not enter my mind.  Thanks
>
> Now, I need to figure out a way to integrate an adjustable powder plate
> and think of a way to include a transparent glass for viewing.
>
> Keep it coming.  I appreciate it.
>
>
> Jojo
>
>
>
>
> - Original Message -
> *From:* Axil Axil 
> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com
> *Cc:* jth...@hotmail.com
> *Sent:* Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:41 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>
> JoJo:
>
> Sorry for taking so long, but I wanted to think about my response for a
> while.
>
>
>
> This maybe a lot more feedback then you ever wanted, it so … apologies.
>
>
>
> You need not take this following design whole cloth; it is an attempt to
> describe some design priorities I think are important.
>
>
>
> The vertical cylinder is a good design because it is best to confine high
> pressure hydrogen. You cannot find a square hydrogen tank.
>
>
>
> Temperature control inside the reactor is important. Your reactor should
> include a number of heat zones.  Experimentally, it is important to know
> how hot each zone gets. If you don’t do this you are flying blind. Without
> knowing what is going on inside your reactor in detail, it will be hard to
> determine if you are making progress.
>
>
>
> The more debugging tools that you can come up with, the more progress you
> will make in the long run.
>
>
>
> One zone would be close to the spark.  Another would be on the powder;
> finely, the coldest part of the cylinder (where it contacts the steam)
> where condensation of the catalyst might take place.
>
> I would include a transparent window that lets through visible light and
> infrared radiation in your design.  Place it in a convenient location on
> the surface of the cylinder… maybe at its top… where you can see all or at
> least most of these zones. This will allow you to remotely measure their
> temperature somehow, say with an infrared thermometer.
>
>
>
> Design the experimental reactor so that you can clean the inside of the
> window. It is no good having a window if you can’t see through it.
>
>
>
> Include a thin walled pipe axially positioned inside the cylinder to act
> as a chimney. Hot gas will rise up the pipe to the top of the cylinder, and
> then the gas will cool at the top of the cylinder then descend down the
> exterior side of the pipe between that exterior pipe wall and the inside
> surface of the cylinder. The gas will be further cooled by the inside
> surface of the cylinder if its outside surface is in contact with water
> and/or steam.
>
>
>
> This double wall configuration will establish a strong circular convective
> gas flow between hot zones and cold zones.
>
>
>
> Place the spark at the bottom of the pipe. Next place the catalyst near
> the spark covering the surface of a flat half ring. High heat is needed to
> vaporize the catalyst completely.
>
>
>
> The catalyst is initially in the form of a hydride and must vaporize. The
> flat ring (called the catalyst ring) is located on one side of the wall of
> the pipe. It should be positioned so that you can see the spark from the
> top of the cylinder. The flat half ring will allow you to see the spark
> through the hole in the ring. The spark should produce enough heat to
> vaporize the catalyst.
>
>
>
> The powder should also be placed on a half ring.  This flat ring (called
> the powder ring) is l

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

JoJo:



Your development effort is a multi-step process.



What I have described is some tips for the first step. Even the greatest
engineers since Edison (Rossi…playful sarcasm intended) did not get his
design right the first time out.


The first step is somehow to fire up the powder. Initially, this is a
one-shot deal.

If you can do that, if you can get that far, we will be over the hump
and all here at vortex will celibrate, even Jed.

The adjustable powder plate allows you to experimentally adjust the
temperature of the powder independently of the heat output of the spark.

Experimentally, moving the powder plate away from the heat source will cool
the powder in proportion to the distance moved. When the powder is just
cool enough, the Rydberg Crystals (RC) will begin to condense on the
powder.



The Rossi reaction is a cycle of repeated heating and cooling. How long
each part of the cycle should be, must be determined.



After the initial condensation of the RC on the powder, the start of the
next cycle turns up the heat from your heat source. That should ionize the
RC and the powder will heat up.



When the powder gets real hot (to be defined), the spark heat source is
turned off. Some fraction of the RC (to be defined) must be replaced during
the start of the next heat cycle.



I think DGT uses a magnetic pulse to destroy the RC completely to stop the
heating of the powder really fast to keep the reactor from burning up.



Getting a feel for the heat cycle is an early development step moving
toward a commercial reactor.



* *


On Sat, Mar 24, 2012 at 5:26 PM, Jojo Jaro  wrote:

> **
> Axil, thanks mucho.  You've given me a lot to chew on.  This will take me
> a while to intergrate all your design guidelines.  These are the kinds of
> design directions that I would like to hear more of.
>
> Already, I've figured out a way to integrate your "double wall" design.
> This was something that did not cross my mind.  Your input bringing this to
> my attention is very helpful.  I've been struggling a little bit on how to
> improve convection and flow inside the reactor and frankly, your novel
> double wall design did not enter my mind.  Thanks
>
> Now, I need to figure out a way to integrate an adjustable powder plate
> and think of a way to include a transparent glass for viewing.
>
> Keep it coming.  I appreciate it.
>
>
> Jojo
>
>
>
>
> - Original Message -
> *From:* Axil Axil 
> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com
> *Cc:* jth...@hotmail.com
> *Sent:* Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:41 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>
> JoJo:
>
> Sorry for taking so long, but I wanted to think about my response for a
> while.
>
>
>
> This maybe a lot more feedback then you ever wanted, it so … apologies.
>
>
>
> You need not take this following design whole cloth; it is an attempt to
> describe some design priorities I think are important.
>
>
>
> The vertical cylinder is a good design because it is best to confine high
> pressure hydrogen. You cannot find a square hydrogen tank.
>
>
>
> Temperature control inside the reactor is important. Your reactor should
> include a number of heat zones.  Experimentally, it is important to know
> how hot each zone gets. If you don’t do this you are flying blind. Without
> knowing what is going on inside your reactor in detail, it will be hard to
> determine if you are making progress.
>
>
>
> The more debugging tools that you can come up with, the more progress you
> will make in the long run.
>
>
>
> One zone would be close to the spark.  Another would be on the powder;
> finely, the coldest part of the cylinder (where it contacts the steam)
> where condensation of the catalyst might take place.
>
> I would include a transparent window that lets through visible light and
> infrared radiation in your design.  Place it in a convenient location on
> the surface of the cylinder… maybe at its top… where you can see all or at
> least most of these zones. This will allow you to remotely measure their
> temperature somehow, say with an infrared thermometer.
>
>
>
> Design the experimental reactor so that you can clean the inside of the
> window. It is no good having a window if you can’t see through it.
>
>
>
> Include a thin walled pipe axially positioned inside the cylinder to act
> as a chimney. Hot gas will rise up the pipe to the top of the cylinder, and
> then the gas will cool at the top of the cylinder then descend down the
> exterior side of the pipe between that exterior pipe wall and the inside
> surface of the cylinder. The gas will be further cooled by the inside
> surface of the cylinder if its outside surface is in contact with water
> and/or steam.
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Jojo Jaro]

Axil, thanks mucho.  You've given me a lot to chew on.  This will take me a 
while to intergrate all your design guidelines.  These are the kinds of design 
directions that I would like to hear more of.  

Already, I've figured out a way to integrate your "double wall" design.  This 
was something that did not cross my mind.  Your input bringing this to my 
attention is very helpful.  I've been struggling a little bit on how to improve 
convection and flow inside the reactor and frankly, your novel double wall 
design did not enter my mind.  Thanks

Now, I need to figure out a way to integrate an adjustable powder plate and 
think of a way to include a transparent glass for viewing.

Keep it coming.  I appreciate it.


Jojo



  - Original Message - 
  From: Axil Axil 
  To: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
  Cc: jth...@hotmail.com 
  Sent: Sunday, March 25, 2012 4:41 AM
  Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol


  JoJo:

  Sorry for taking so long, but I wanted to think about my response for a while.


  This maybe a lot more feedback then you ever wanted, it so … apologies.



  You need not take this following design whole cloth; it is an attempt to 
describe some design priorities I think are important.



  The vertical cylinder is a good design because it is best to confine high 
pressure hydrogen. You cannot find a square hydrogen tank.



  Temperature control inside the reactor is important. Your reactor should 
include a number of heat zones.  Experimentally, it is important to know how 
hot each zone gets. If you don’t do this you are flying blind. Without knowing 
what is going on inside your reactor in detail, it will be hard to determine if 
you are making progress.



  The more debugging tools that you can come up with, the more progress you 
will make in the long run.



  One zone would be close to the spark.  Another would be on the powder; 
finely, the coldest part of the cylinder (where it contacts the steam) where 
condensation of the catalyst might take place.

  I would include a transparent window that lets through visible light and 
infrared radiation in your design.  Place it in a convenient location on the 
surface of the cylinder… maybe at its top… where you can see all or at least 
most of these zones. This will allow you to remotely measure their temperature 
somehow, say with an infrared thermometer.   



  Design the experimental reactor so that you can clean the inside of the 
window. It is no good having a window if you can’t see through it.



  Include a thin walled pipe axially positioned inside the cylinder to act as a 
chimney. Hot gas will rise up the pipe to the top of the cylinder, and then the 
gas will cool at the top of the cylinder then descend down the exterior side of 
the pipe between that exterior pipe wall and the inside surface of the 
cylinder. The gas will be further cooled by the inside surface of the cylinder 
if its outside surface is in contact with water and/or steam. 



  This double wall configuration will establish a strong circular convective 
gas flow between hot zones and cold zones.



  Place the spark at the bottom of the pipe. Next place the catalyst near the 
spark covering the surface of a flat half ring. High heat is needed to vaporize 
the catalyst completely.



  The catalyst is initially in the form of a hydride and must vaporize. The 
flat ring (called the catalyst ring) is located on one side of the wall of the 
pipe. It should be positioned so that you can see the spark from the top of the 
cylinder. The flat half ring will allow you to see the spark through the hole 
in the ring. The spark should produce enough heat to vaporize the catalyst.



  The powder should also be placed on a half ring.  This flat ring (called the 
powder ring) is located on the other side of the wall of the pipe opposite the 
catalyst ring. It should be positioned so that you can see both the spark and 
the catalyst ring through the window. This flat half ring will allow you to see 
the spark through the hole in the ring.



  The powder ring should be adjustable such that the distance from the spark 
can be varied. 



  JoJo Jaro said: I will be including all elements suggested as catalyst - ie 
iron, carbon, copper, tungsten, sodium,  potassium and cesium, although cesium 
might be harder to acquire.



  IMHO, the catalyst used should vaporize at least in part or completely. The 
operational temperature of your reactor should be high enough to keep the 
catalyst vaporized. 



  For example, the potassium catalyst type reactor should operate at about 600C.



  Put elements that don’t vaporize in with the powder, if you don’t the 
catalyst and the powder cannot interact.



  Don’t use magnetic fields, they might kill the reaction and be very careful 
of radiation exposure.



  Don’t exceed safe hydrogen pressures during catalyst hydride vaporization.



  Best Regards: Axil








  On Tue, Mar 20, 2

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

g the LENR
> reactions.  I'm thinking the trick is to find out the right amount of
> sparking - enough to create tons of Rydberg matter but not too much to melt
> the nickel nanostructures.  It would also be important to design the heat
> and convective flow inside the reactor to properly distribute the heat.
>
> With this cylindrical setup, the nickel powder would be "bunching" at the
> bottom of the cylindrical reactor.  Applying repeated sparking onto this
> pile would increase the chances of melting the nickel nanostructure due to
> increased localized high temperatures due to sparking.  This would explain
> Rossi's quiescence problem.  He can only apply sparks for so long till
> the Ni powders would melt.
>
> To solve this quiescense problem, Rossi had to figure out how to
> distribute the sparks over a wider area - basically he has to spread the
> nickel powder.  I believe this is what prompted Rossi to design his "FAT
> Cat" design.  If I remember correctly, his home E-Cat was shaped like a
> laptop with the reactor itself being only 20x20x1 cm in dimensions.  This
> is essentially two metal plates separated by a thin layer of pressurized
> hydrogen.  The nickel is spread out thinly over the surface of the plate.
> He then subjects the plates to high voltage to create sparks.  He controls
> the amount of sparks by varying the frequency of the high voltage.  If he
> needs more reaction, he increases the frequency of the sparks creating more
> Rydberg matter to catalyze more reactions.  If he lowers the amount of
> sparks, he lowers the reaction rate.  Spreading the Ni powder would also
> have the effect of spreading the heat thereby minimizing the chances of too
> high localized temperatures.
>
> In DGT's design, they have cylindrical reactors machined from a big block
> of steel.  I believe they would then put a wire in the middle just like
> Rossi's original design.  (I believe that the purpose of the "window" in
> DGT's test reactors is to observe the sparks during testing.)  DGT
> minimized the quiescene problem by using Ni sparingly and spreading it  out
> over a longer cylindrical reactor.  Rossi's cylindrical reactor was short
> and fat, hence his Ni powder would be bunched up in the bottom.  DGT's
> cylindrical design was longer and thinner, thereby spreading the Ni powder,
> minimizing quiescense as they claimed.
>
> To me this appears to be evident.  I believe part of the electronics in
> Rossi's blue control box is electronics for controlling the sparking rate,
> which he calls "RF".
>
> So basically, I think you may be right about Rydberg matter.  I think the
> strategy is to design a reactor that would subject the Ni and catalyst mix
> to sparks promoting the creation of Rydberg matter.  Then make sure that
> there is sufficient turbulence inside the rreactor to agitate and blow the
> powder all over thereby minimizing the chances of "cooking" the powder
> while simultaneously increasing the chances of a chance encounter
> between the Rydberg matter catalyst and the Ni nuclei.
>
> So, essentially, I think the secret is sparks with lots of  turbulent
> mixing. I have designed a new reactor setup to try out these ideas.  I will
> have a horizontal cylindrical reactor with a "stripped" spark plug
> electrode as the high voltage source.  I will then drive this spark plug
> with an Ignition coil actuated by a Power MOSFET driven by the PWM output
> of my MF-28 data acquisition module.  I will program the sparking frequency
> by controlling the rate of PWM output.  (Later on, I will program a
> feedback mechanism to lower the sparking rate if the temperature gets too
> high.)  The trick would then be to find the right amount of sparking for
> the highest amount of heat production.  To increase chances of success, I
> will be including all elements suggested as catalyst - ie iron, carbon,
> copper, tungsten, sodium,  potassium and cesium, although cesium might be
> harder to acquire.
>
> What do you think of my plan?
>
> Once again, thanks for sharing your theoretical understanding so that we
> engineers can build and do the experiments.
>
> Jojo
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> - Original Message -
> *From:* Axil Axil 
> *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com
> *Sent:* Wednesday, March 21, 2012 4:31 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>
>
> Hi Bob,
>
> Much thanks for your interest in this post.
>
> In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take some time…
> so be patient.
>
> I will respond in a series of posts.
>
> Post #1
>
> Bob Higgins asked: “Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound 

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 11

Under the Rydberg ion theory of cold fusion, Rydberg crystals will be
ionized very easily. They are comprised of highly excited and energetic
atoms that are all close to large scale group ionization. Because of their
collective high excitation level, Rydberg crystals will ionize a lot more
readily than ordinary matter. As the ambient temperature increases, the
probability of ionization of the crystals also increases.

Because of their electrostatic nature, Rydberg crystal will tend to stick
to the lattice surface like lint on your outfit or be integrated into the
surface of the lattice near the surface depending on the type of LENR being
considered.

When the temperature of the lattice rises, more and more Rydberg crystals
will become ionized creating a large surplus of electron holes on the
surface of the lattice.

As the temperature rises, so will the nuclear fusion based heat produced by
the ionized Rydberg crystals. At the same time, resistance to electric flow
will decrease because of increased “hole conduction”.

The surface of the lattice acts as a slowly forming ionizing plasma where
the resistance to electric flow is gradually reduced in direct proportion
to the ionization level of the Rydberg crystals.

Here is some experimental verification of this type of Rydberg crystal
behavior

See:

http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/STAFF/VISITING_FELLOWS&PROFESSORS/pdf/MileyClusterRydbLPBsing.pdf
Ultrahigh-density deuterium of Rydberg matter clusters for inertial
confinement fusion targets

Quoted as follows:



*Rydberg matter was predicted and measured in gases where a static
clustering of protons or deuterons to comparably high densities is
generated with number densities up to 10^^23 cm-3 (Badiei et al. 2006). In
contrast to gases, the appearance of ultra-high density clusters in crystal
defects in solids were observed in several experiments where such
configurations of very high density hydrogen states could be detected from
SQUID measurements of magnetic response and conductivity (Lipson et al.
2005) indicating as special state with superconducting properties. These
high density clusters have a long life time and with deuterons and – in
contrast to protons – as being bosons which should be in a state of
Bose-Einstein-Condensation (BEC) at room temperature (Miley et al.
2009,2009a).*

What Miley actually saw was a nearly ionized Rydberg crystal that behaves
as plasma.







On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 8:49 AM, Terry Blanton  wrote:

> On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 12:19 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
> > Quantum mechanics results in some strange and unexpected stuff that is
> > counter intuitive.
>
> I continue to watch these discussions with great interest.
>
> I believe there is a clue in the negative resistance temperature
> coefficient discovered by Celani.
>
> T
>
>

RE: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[MarkI-ZeroPoint]

Bingo... That be the one!!
Great minds think alike... you're just faster on the trigger!
-m

-Original Message-
From: Terry Blanton [mailto:hohlr...@gmail.com] 
Sent: Friday, March 23, 2012 9:29 AM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 11:45 AM, MarkI-ZeroPoint 
wrote:
> Terry,
> Thanks for reminding me
>
> There was one slide, towards the end of Celani's talk at Cern, that 
> caught my eye.

Da nada.  Would this be the slide:

http://i.imgur.com/2qXQS.png

(I did screen captures on some of the stuff I found interesting.)

T

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Terry Blanton]

On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 11:45 AM, MarkI-ZeroPoint  wrote:
> Terry,
> Thanks for reminding me
>
> There was one slide, towards the end of Celani's talk at Cern, that caught
> my eye.

Da nada.  Would this be the slide:

http://i.imgur.com/2qXQS.png

(I did screen captures on some of the stuff I found interesting.)

T

RE: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[MarkI-ZeroPoint]

Terry,
Thanks for reminding me

There was one slide, towards the end of Celani's talk at Cern, that caught
my eye.

There was a (spreadsheet) table with about 8 rows and 6 columns...
The left-most column was temperature (degC), and I don't remember what the
other columns were, but what caught my eye was that the measured variable on
the right-most column was clearly temperature dependent, and it peaked at
535C. So, yes, I think the negative temperature coefficient of (electrical)
resistance is a major clue...

-Mark

-Original Message-
From: Terry Blanton [mailto:hohlr...@gmail.com] 
Sent: Friday, March 23, 2012 5:50 AM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 12:19 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Quantum mechanics results in some strange and unexpected stuff that is 
> counter intuitive.

I continue to watch these discussions with great interest.

I believe there is a clue in the negative resistance temperature coefficient
discovered by Celani.

T

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Terry Blanton]

On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 12:19 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Quantum mechanics results in some strange and unexpected stuff that is
> counter intuitive.

I continue to watch these discussions with great interest.

I believe there is a clue in the negative resistance temperature
coefficient discovered by Celani.

T

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 10

Bob Higgins stated: *What does "strength" of Rydberg matter, and "match the
fusion of proton cooper pairs" mean?  These don't make sense.  While it may
be possible that there is Cooper-pair like coupling of protons, no one has
yet explained how, if this occurred, that the LENR transmutations are
enabled.  Twice the mass and twice the charge doesn't necessarily help.*

Axil Responds:

http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1393v1
*Novel insights into transfer processes in the reaction 16O+208Pb at
sub-barrier energies
The collision of the doubly-magic nuclei $^{16}$O+$^{208}$Pb is a benchmark
in nuclear reaction studies. Our new measurements of back-scattered
projectile-like fragments at sub-barrier energies show show that transfer
of 2 protons ($2p$) is much more probable than $\alpha$-particle transfer.
$2p$ transfer probabilities are strongly enhanced compared to expectations
for the sequential transfer of two uncorrelated protons; at energies around
the fusion barrier absolute probabilities for two proton transfer are
similar to those for one proton transfer. This strong enhancement indicates
strong $2p$ pairing correlations in $^{16}$O, and suggests evidence for the
occurrence of a nuclear supercurrent of two-proton Cooper pairs in this
reaction, already at energies well below the fusion barrier.*

**
Quantum mechanics results in some strange and unexpected stuff that is
counter intuitive.
This reference states that proton pairs will tunnel into a nucleus with a
higher probability than does a single proton.

Also, the Rydberg ions that Rossi uses in his reactor do not damage the
delicate nano-cavities that produce the cooper pairs of protons. They
are mild. By contrast, if LeClair’s Rydberg ions got close to the Rossi
micro-powder, the powder would be destroyed by electrostatic induced
collision between the ion and the powder.


Regards: Axil

On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:51 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our imagination.
> However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some of it I just
> don't understand.
>
> You said:
>
>  *Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development of prototype
> thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter.*
>
> I haven't seen this anywhere.  I know that Rossi and Leonardo Corp worked
> on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for the US Military, but
> that was solid state Peltier effect devices.  I worked for many years with
> Peltier devices and never once heard mention of Rydberg effects, because
> they are not involved in such devices.  I don't think Rossi has any past
> experience with Rydberg matter and I have not seen where he mentioned this
> in association with his eCat technology.  I think it is only your
> speculation that Rydberg matter is involved in his process.
>
> You said:
>
>  *IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as a way to
> control the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that is to make
> sure that a cold zone is properly maintained.*
>
> Well, IMHO, Rossi and DGT both use resistive heaters incapable of
> providing "pulsed heat" due to the thermal mass.  In fact, the high
> pressure H2 has tremendous heat capacity and will also make it hard
> to create thermal pulsing by any means.  I don't believe short time-scale
> thermal pulses are being created as a stimulus.
>
> Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.  That
> appeared to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2
> pressure where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control.  It is
> known that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2
> pressure.  The early eCat reactors were water cooled and used a stainless
> steel cell.  The thermal resistance in the stainless shell allowed the
> temperature of the reactant/H2 to be at 400-600C while the water was only
> at 100C; however, it also meant that the ability to extract heat was
> limited by the same thermal resistance.  Above a critical heat generation
> inside the cell, the water cooling could no longer pull out enough heat
> through the thermal resistance of the poorly conducting stainless to keep
> the temperature of the reactant from rising.  This was the thermal
> runaway.  This caused Rossi to operate at lower H2 pressures to keep the
> maximum heat generation below what he could pull out through the stainless
> thermal resistance, allowing him to control the temperature from going so
> high as to melt the nickel and eliminate the surface properties that
> stimulate the reaction.  Unfortunately, operation on this threshold of LENR
> was tenuous when just based on keeping it at the right temperature.  The
> reaction is somewhat chaotic (like noise) and it can quickly fall below the
> operational threshold when operated so close to threshold.
>
> Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2 pressure, that in
> Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway.  DGT has found 

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 9

Bob Higgins stated: *I agree with you entirely.  I believe the quench is an
AC magnetic field so as not to permanently magnetize anything - which could
permanently quench the reaction.  If this is the case, it would also say
something about the mechanism of the reaction.  It could also be
responsible for failures of some experiments - having too much residual
magnetic field in the fuel in their experiment.  Could the Earth's magnetic
field be too much?  Would Rossi's choice of stainless have protected the
fuel from the Earth's magnetic field?*

Axil Responds:

I believe that by keeping the temperature of the Rossi type reaction vessel
above the Curie point of nickel, magnetism does not permanently affect the
nickel or stainless steel.

I bet that DGT does not apply the magnetic field until the reactor is up to
temperature at 400C or more.




On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 8:24 PM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Axil, please keep thinking, posting, and discussing.  It is what this
> vo-collective is for!  They are good explorations.
>
> I believe the reason for the Rossi's flattened reactor is simply to better
> couple the heat out of the powder.  The inside may be filled with posts to
> further improve the coupling.  The trouble is that this design is terrible
> as a pressure vessel and will be terrible for permanently sealing in H2.
>  He even had trouble with his flat water seals.  Cylindrical symmetry is SO
> much better for high pressure seals!
>
> I suspect that the cylindrical pile of powder in the previous design is
> adequately thermally averaged by the high pressure H2 which has excellent
> thermal capacity.  I would have made different choices for coupling the
> heat in/out and remained with cylindrical symmetry for the pressure vessel.
>
> Axil wrote:
>
> *I believe the quench is an application of a magnetic field which would
> temporally disrupt the proton pair condensate. When the quench was switched
> off, the condensate having a superconductor like nature would quickly
> reform and proton pair fusion would restart.*
>
>
> I agree with you entirely.  I believe the quench is an AC magnetic field
> so as not to permanently magnetize anything - which could permanently
> quench the reaction.  If this is the case, it would also say something
> about the mechanism of the reaction.  It could also be responsible for
> failures of some experiments - having too much residual magnetic field in
> the fuel in their experiment.  Could the Earth's magnetic field be too
> much?  Would Rossi's choice of stainless have protected the fuel from the
> Earth's magnetic field?
>
> I have experimented with sonoluminescence before and I find LeClair's
> account fascinating.  Seems like I recall the diamond formation to have
> come when the fluid being used was acetone, not water.  In such case, there
> is no need to invoke transmutation to get the carbon for the diamonds.
>

RE: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[MarkI-ZeroPoint]

Perhaps the protons can form cooper pairs which are not affected by the
coulomb barrier. 

-Mark

 

From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] 
Sent: Thursday, March 22, 2012 8:31 PM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

 

I have a feeling 'Reliable' that know the ANSWER and have not told us
because you are either a masochist taking pleasure in watching us struggle
to get the ANSWER or you are constrained by a non-disclosure agreement by
somebody.

So this is my take on what you are getting at. 

The act of hydrides forms Rydberg crystals all the time. Rossi has come up
with a way to produce large numbers of these crystals by using a catalytic
process that centers on using his secret sauce. This catalyzer produces
Rydberg crystals that in turn generate hydrogen based Rydberg matter through
a strong coupling as suggested by Bob Higgins. 
Being a condensate, these coherent molecules of Rydberg matter each acts as
a single super-atom since all the member atoms that comprise this Rydberg
matter are entangled and coherent,

But these atoms all have their full complement of orbiting electrons in tack
because the crystal is not ionized. Being a super atom, once sufficient
energy is applied to it, it will go through a collective quantum jump and
become an ion. Like any ion many of the electrons will leave and what
remains is a coherent rich proton based condensate. 

This condensate acts as a super proton having a tremendous positive charge.

The trick is to ionize the Rydberg crystal after it is formed by adding
additional energy. This can be done by applying a pulse of energy that may
include an infrared wave packet or RFG or laser pulse.

When the high temperature Rydberg crystal becomes an ion, this is when the
coulomb barrier weakens and cold fusion occurs in matter in close proximity
to this ion.  

I now know why the hydrated powders of Mills and Arata require a energy
spike to ignite heat production.

This energy spike, say a laser blast, will turn sleeping Rydberg crystals
near the spike into Rydberg ions. 

The heat from the localized ignition location will cause more Rydberg ions
to form. Before you know it, the entire volume of the powder is consumed
with heat and transmutation as a result.

This ionization of Rydberg matter is how a Rossi type Reactor becomes
supercritical. Increased heat begets more Rydberg ionization which produces
more heat in a runaway explosion. 

Rossi and DGT must keep their reactors in the proper temperature range in
order to control Rydberg ionization. LeClair on the other hand has little
control of the ionization process and his Rydberg ions run amok. All his
Rydberg crystals are born ionized and they do great damage to the reactor
and produce intense gamma radiation.

 



 

On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 6:52 PM, integral.property.serv...@gmail.com
 wrote:

Here I go again:

Hydride ion anyone? Oscillate or I will kick you with a spark, infrared wave
packet or RFG.
NS<=>SN
Nude, without clothes, look see:  http://chan.host-ed.me/

Warm Regards,

Reliable



Axil Axil wrote: 

Post 8

Bob Higgins stated:  The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong
direction.  Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius.
Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral.  If you get inside of
this radius, there is a strong electric field.  To get fusion to occur, the
nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state
hydrogen orbital.  The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are
outside the orbital.  In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows
them to easily couple and form condensates.  However, it also means that the
nuclei cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom because
the orbital is bigger.  The instant you are inside the orbital you have the
nuclear repulsion.  From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state
(orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow the
nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the repulsive
electrostatic forces.  I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would be
natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due to
the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient.  The
Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the solid
state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going in the
right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus.
.
.
.

In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at extremely
high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such tremendous
pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its release.  In the
cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly be possible to find
an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between the plasma state and the
ground state for the atoms.  It is not clear at all how thi

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

I have a feeling ‘Reliable’ that know the ANSWER and have not told us
because you are either a masochist taking pleasure in watching us struggle
to get the ANSWER or you are constrained by a non-disclosure agreement by
somebody.

So this is my take on what you are getting at.

The act of hydrides forms Rydberg crystals all the time. Rossi has come up
with a way to produce large numbers of these crystals by using a catalytic
process that centers on using his secret sauce. This catalyzer produces
Rydberg crystals that in turn generate hydrogen based Rydberg matter
through a strong coupling as suggested by Bob Higgins.
Being a condensate, these coherent molecules of Rydberg matter each acts as
a single super-atom since all the member atoms that comprise this Rydberg
matter are entangled and coherent,

But these atoms all have their full complement of orbiting electrons in
tack because the crystal is not ionized. Being a super atom, once
sufficient energy is applied to it, it will go through a collective quantum
jump and become an ion. Like any ion many of the electrons will leave and
what remains is a coherent rich proton based condensate.

This condensate acts as a super proton having a tremendous positive charge.

The trick is to ionize the Rydberg crystal after it is formed by adding
additional energy. This can be done by applying a pulse of energy that may
include an infrared wave packet or RFG or laser pulse.

When the high temperature Rydberg crystal becomes an ion, this is when the
coulomb barrier weakens and cold fusion occurs in matter in close proximity
to this ion.

I now know why the hydrated powders of Mills and Arata require a energy
spike to ignite heat production.

This energy spike, say a laser blast, will turn sleeping Rydberg crystals
near the spike into Rydberg ions.

The heat from the localized ignition location will cause more Rydberg ions
to form. Before you know it, the entire volume of the powder is consumed
with heat and transmutation as a result.

This ionization of Rydberg matter is how a Rossi type Reactor becomes
supercritical. Increased heat begets more Rydberg ionization which produces
more heat in a runaway explosion.

Rossi and DGT must keep their reactors in the proper temperature range in
order to control Rydberg ionization. LeClair on the other hand has little
control of the ionization process and his Rydberg ions run amok. All his
Rydberg crystals are born ionized and they do great damage to the reactor
and produce intense gamma radiation.






On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 6:52 PM, integral.property.serv...@gmail.com <
integral.property.serv...@gmail.com> wrote:

> **
> Here I go again:
>
> Hydride ion anyone? Oscillate or I will kick you with a spark, infrared
> wave packet or RFG.
> NS<=>SN
> Nude, without clothes, look see:  http://chan.host-ed.me/
>
> Warm Regards,
>
> Reliable
>
>
> Axil Axil wrote:
>
> Post 8
>
> *Bob Higgins stated:  The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong
> direction.  Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius.
> Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral.  If you get inside of
> this radius, there is a strong electric field.  To get fusion to occur, the
> nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state
> hydrogen orbital.  The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are
> outside the orbital.  In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows
> them to easily couple and form condensates.  However, it also means that
> the nuclei cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom
> because the orbital is bigger.  The instant you are inside the orbital you
> have the nuclear repulsion.  From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg
> state (orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow
> the nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the
> repulsive electrostatic forces.  I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would
> be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due
> to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient.
> The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the
> solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going
> in the right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus.
> .
> .
> .*
>
> *In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at
> extremely high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such
> tremendous pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its
> release.  In the cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly be
> possible to find an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between the
> plasma state and the ground state for the atoms.  It is not clear at all
> how this is complicit in LENR.  I have not heard a plausible speculation of
> how Rydberg is complicit in the act of insertion of protons into another
> nucleus.  *
>
>
>
> *So, even if there is a Ry

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Bob Higgins]

Axil, please keep thinking, posting, and discussing.  It is what this
vo-collective is for!  They are good explorations.

I believe the reason for the Rossi's flattened reactor is simply to better
couple the heat out of the powder.  The inside may be filled with posts to
further improve the coupling.  The trouble is that this design is terrible
as a pressure vessel and will be terrible for permanently sealing in H2.
 He even had trouble with his flat water seals.  Cylindrical symmetry is SO
much better for high pressure seals!

I suspect that the cylindrical pile of powder in the previous design is
adequately thermally averaged by the high pressure H2 which has excellent
thermal capacity.  I would have made different choices for coupling the
heat in/out and remained with cylindrical symmetry for the pressure vessel.

Axil wrote:

*I believe the quench is an application of a magnetic field which would
temporally disrupt the proton pair condensate. When the quench was switched
off, the condensate having a superconductor like nature would quickly
reform and proton pair fusion would restart.*


I agree with you entirely.  I believe the quench is an AC magnetic field so
as not to permanently magnetize anything - which could permanently quench
the reaction.  If this is the case, it would also say something about the
mechanism of the reaction.  It could also be responsible for failures of
some experiments - having too much residual magnetic field in the fuel in
their experiment.  Could the Earth's magnetic field be too much?  Would
Rossi's choice of stainless have protected the fuel from the Earth's
magnetic field?

I have experimented with sonoluminescence before and I find LeClair's
account fascinating.  Seems like I recall the diamond formation to have
come when the fluid being used was acetone, not water.  In such case, there
is no need to invoke transmutation to get the carbon for the diamonds.

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[integral.property.serv...@gmail.com]

Here I go again:

Hydride ion anyone? Oscillate or I will kick you with a spark, infrared
wave packet or RFG.
NS<=>SN
Nude, without clothes, look see:  http://chan.host-ed.me/

Warm Regards,

Reliable

Axil Axil wrote:

  Post 8
  Bob
Higgins stated:  The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong
direction.  Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital
radius.  Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral.  If you
get inside of this radius, there is a strong electric field.  To get
fusion to occur, the nuclei must be much much closer than the the
radius of the the ground state hydrogen orbital.  The + nuclear charge
is only screened as long as you are outside the orbital.  In Rydberg
atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows them to easily couple and form
condensates.  However, it also means that the nuclei cannot get as
close to another nucleus as a ground state atom because the orbital is
bigger.  The instant you are inside the orbital you have the nuclear
repulsion.  From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state
(orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow
the nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the
repulsive electrostatic forces.  I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter"
would be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state
atom due to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling
coefficient.  The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a
theory of the solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or
palladium and is going in the right direction to explain proton
insertion into another nucleus.
.
.
.
  In the
case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at extremely
high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such
tremendous pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its
release.  In the cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly
be possible to find an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between
the plasma state and the ground state for the atoms.  It is not clear
at all how this is complicit in LENR.  I have not heard a plausible
speculation of how Rydberg is complicit in the act of insertion of
protons into another nucleus.  
   
  So, even
if there is a Rydberg condensate, how do you eliminate the "magic
happens here" moment that causes the proton insertion into another
nucleus?  [BTW, I do believe that they are being inserted in some
manner, but not necessarily as a Rydberg effect.]
  
Axil answers:
  In your post, there is truth in what you say. I might need the
throw out dipole radiation as the ultimate mechanism of the Rossi
reaction into my brimming dustbin of failed ideas.
  
I don’t believe that LeClair is mad or brain damaged due to radiation
sickness. And the crystals that he has researched and describes are
Rydberg and not polywater. We know hardly anything about how these
Rydberg high temperature crystals actually are constructed and function
in nature. LeClair should be a good source for insight into Rydberg
crystals.
  
I tend to believe LeClair because there are half dozen similar
experiments that support LeClair’s assertions with this monopole
experiment being only the first I have mentioned.
  I intend to post on each of these experiments as time goes on.
  LeClair has observed an intense positive electrostatic charge at
the head of his crystal. What is the cause of this effect? Where did
all the electrons go?
  Could this crystal be ionized and exist as a form of a molecular
ion where most of the electrons have exited or repositioned to the rear
of the crystal.
  Could it be analogous to an electrostatic bar magnet? If this
positive charge is big enough, then the probability of a
correspondingly high coulomb barrier disruptive effect on nearby matter
is also high.
  I am amazed at how big these crystals are. They are macroscopic in
extent. The must contain a huge number of atoms. How could a tiny
cavitation bubble generate such a large crystal? The questions come a
lot faster than the answers.
  I don’t believe LeClair's claim that fusion is only the result of
the collision of the crystals with aluminum because of the claimed
abundance of diamond as a fusion product. He must be fusing hydrogen to
helium then to carbon.
  Regards: axil
  
  
  
 
  On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:51 AM, Bob
Higgins 
wrote:
  
Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our
imagination.  However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some
of it I just don't understand.

 
You said:

  
  Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development
of prototype thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg
matter.
  


I haven't seen this anywhere.  I know that Rossi and Leonardo
Corp worked on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for
the US Military, but that was solid state Peltier effect devices.  I
worked for many years with Peltier devices

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 8

*Bob Higgins stated:  The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong
direction.  Normal ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius.
Outside of this radius the atom appears net neutral.  If you get inside of
this radius, there is a strong electric field.  To get fusion to occur, the
nuclei must be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state
hydrogen orbital.  The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are
outside the orbital.  In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows
them to easily couple and form condensates.  However, it also means that
the nuclei cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom
because the orbital is bigger.  The instant you are inside the orbital you
have the nuclear repulsion.  From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg
state (orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow
the nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the
repulsive electrostatic forces.  I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would
be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due
to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient.
The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the
solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going
in the right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus.
.
.
.*

*In the case of the LeClair reactor, the crystalline formation at extremely
high pressure & mass density is interesting and it is at such tremendous
pressure that, there is a large potential energy in its release.  In the
cavitation, plasmas are formed, and it would certainly be possible to find
an intermediate form of matter (Rydberg) between the plasma state and the
ground state for the atoms.  It is not clear at all how this is complicit
in LENR.  I have not heard a plausible speculation of how Rydberg is
complicit in the act of insertion of protons into another nucleus.  *



*So, even if there is a Rydberg condensate, how do you eliminate the "magic
happens here" moment that causes the proton insertion into another
nucleus?  [BTW, I do believe that they are being inserted in some manner,
but not necessarily as a Rydberg effect.]*


Axil answers:

In your post, there is truth in what you say. I might need the throw out
dipole radiation as the ultimate mechanism of the Rossi reaction into my
brimming dustbin of failed ideas.


I don’t believe that LeClair is mad or brain damaged due to radiation
sickness. And the crystals that he has researched and describes are Rydberg
and not polywater. We know hardly anything about how these Rydberg high
temperature crystals actually are constructed and function in nature.
LeClair should be a good source for insight into Rydberg crystals.


I tend to believe LeClair because there are half dozen similar experiments
that support LeClair’s assertions with this monopole experiment being only
the first I have mentioned.

I intend to post on each of these experiments as time goes on.

LeClair has observed an intense positive electrostatic charge at the head
of his crystal. What is the cause of this effect? Where did all the
electrons go?

Could this crystal be ionized and exist as a form of a molecular ion where
most of the electrons have exited or repositioned to the rear of the
crystal.

Could it be analogous to an electrostatic bar magnet? If this positive
charge is big enough, then the probability of a correspondingly high
coulomb barrier disruptive effect on nearby matter is also high.

I am amazed at how big these crystals are. They are macroscopic in extent.
The must contain a huge number of atoms. How could a tiny cavitation bubble
generate such a large crystal? The questions come a lot faster than the
answers.

I don’t believe LeClair's claim that fusion is only the result of the
collision of the crystals with aluminum because of the claimed abundance of
diamond as a fusion product. He must be fusing hydrogen to helium then to
carbon.

Regards: axil





On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:51 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our imagination.
> However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some of it I just
> don't understand.
>
> You said:
>
>  *Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development of prototype
> thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter.*
>
> I haven't seen this anywhere.  I know that Rossi and Leonardo Corp worked
> on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for the US Military, but
> that was solid state Peltier effect devices.  I worked for many years with
> Peltier devices and never once heard mention of Rydberg effects, because
> they are not involved in such devices.  I don't think Rossi has any past
> experience with Rydberg matter and I have not seen where he mentioned this
> in association with his eCat technology.  I think it is only your
> speculation that Rydberg 

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 7


Bob Higgins stated:  Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2
pressure, that in Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway.  DGT has
found a means to rapidly "quench" the reaction (stop it) so that they can
control the heat output.  They can turn the quench on and off and get
reaction pulses - as many as they like to get the heat output they want.  I
have some ideas on how they do the quenching - and it is not thermal.

Axil answers:

I speculate that the DTG does operate in supercritical mode that would
result in run-away if not quenched in a cycle.

The quench is powered and influenced electrically under computer monitoring
and regulation. There are two possible mechanisms associated with this
modality: application of an electrostatic or magnetic field.

I believe the quench is an application of a magnetic field which would
temporally disrupt the proton pair condensate. When the quench was switched
off, the condensate having a superconductor like nature would quickly
reform and proton pair fusion would restart.


Regards: axil
On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:51 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our imagination.
> However, some of what you said doesn't ring true and some of it I just
> don't understand.
>
> You said:
>
>  *Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development of prototype
> thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter.*
>
> I haven't seen this anywhere.  I know that Rossi and Leonardo Corp worked
> on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for the US Military, but
> that was solid state Peltier effect devices.  I worked for many years with
> Peltier devices and never once heard mention of Rydberg effects, because
> they are not involved in such devices.  I don't think Rossi has any past
> experience with Rydberg matter and I have not seen where he mentioned this
> in association with his eCat technology.  I think it is only your
> speculation that Rydberg matter is involved in his process.
>
> You said:
>
>  *IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as a way to
> control the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that is to make
> sure that a cold zone is properly maintained.*
>
> Well, IMHO, Rossi and DGT both use resistive heaters incapable of
> providing "pulsed heat" due to the thermal mass.  In fact, the high
> pressure H2 has tremendous heat capacity and will also make it hard
> to create thermal pulsing by any means.  I don't believe short time-scale
> thermal pulses are being created as a stimulus.
>
> Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.  That
> appeared to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2
> pressure where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control.  It is
> known that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2
> pressure.  The early eCat reactors were water cooled and used a stainless
> steel cell.  The thermal resistance in the stainless shell allowed the
> temperature of the reactant/H2 to be at 400-600C while the water was only
> at 100C; however, it also meant that the ability to extract heat was
> limited by the same thermal resistance.  Above a critical heat generation
> inside the cell, the water cooling could no longer pull out enough heat
> through the thermal resistance of the poorly conducting stainless to keep
> the temperature of the reactant from rising.  This was the thermal
> runaway.  This caused Rossi to operate at lower H2 pressures to keep the
> maximum heat generation below what he could pull out through the stainless
> thermal resistance, allowing him to control the temperature from going so
> high as to melt the nickel and eliminate the surface properties that
> stimulate the reaction.  Unfortunately, operation on this threshold of LENR
> was tenuous when just based on keeping it at the right temperature.  The
> reaction is somewhat chaotic (like noise) and it can quickly fall below the
> operational threshold when operated so close to threshold.
>
> Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2 pressure, that in
> Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway.  DGT has found a means to
> rapidly "quench" the reaction (stop it) so that they can control the heat
> output.  They can turn the quench on and off and get reaction pulses - as
> many as they like to get the heat output they want.  I have some ideas on
> how they do the quenching - and it is not thermal.
>
> The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong direction.  Normal
> ground state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius.  Outside of this
> radius the atom appears net neutral.  If you get inside of this radius,
> there is a strong electric field.  To get fusion to occur, the nuclei must
> be much much closer than the the radius of the the ground state hydrogen
> orbital.  The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are outside
> the orbital.  In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows t

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 6


Bob Higgins stated: Where does the 50-100g cell size come from?  Will it
work just as well in 1g cells?  Unknown.

Axits comments:

In his post on this thread, JoJo Jaro talks about the evolution of Rossi’s
deployment of micro-powder from a pile to a thin sprinkling over a wide
area.

JoJo Jaro states: his "FAT Cat" design.  If I remember correctly, his home
E-Cat was shaped like a laptop with the reactor itself being only 20x20x1
cm in dimensions.  This is essentially two metal plates separated by a thin
layer of pressurized hydrogen.  The nickel is spread out thinly over the
surface of the plate.

The Rydberg effect is a surface electrostatic effect that cannot penetrate
deeply into the pile of micro-powder. In Rossi’s early designs where the
micro-powder was packed into a cylinder, the interior of the cylinder of
powder was electrostatically shielded by the surface of its upper powder
layer. To get the reaction activity that he was after, Rossi had to make
the pile of powder much bigger than it needed to be.

In his current design, he attempts to expose the surface of every
micro-grain to the electrostatic field produced by the Rydberg matter. This
increases the efficiency of the powder to near 100% with every grain
contributing to the reaction.
This is why he when from an early cylindrical layout with lots of powder,
to his current flat rectangular plate like layout with a small amount of
powder.


Regards: axil







On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 11:07 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Of course, I was not there to personally witness any of the hardware or
> the testing.  I am working entirely from second hand reports of what was
> done.
>
> Rossi appears to have been well versed in the behavior of his smaller,
> early systems in terms of warm-up, self-sustain, re-start/maintenance
> modes.  He apparently had difficulty getting the self-sustain mode to last
> for sufficient time and that may have been the bone of contention with DGT,
> his partner at the time.  At the time he also appears to have had a
> relationship with Upsalla (Kullander/Essen) who appeared to at least
> influence the design of the "ottoman" class reactors.  It appears that the
> "frequencies" input was first shown as part of the ottoman reactor.  I
> surmise it was designed to help stimulate the self-sustain reaction by
> allowing the operation at lowest H2 pressure without spontaneous
> statistical cooling and drop-out of reaction because of cooling.  The
> "frequencies" seem to have averaged out the reaction - making it less
> statistically chaotic.  The frequencies are not required for the effect to
> occur, but only appear to have been added to stabilize it.
>
> An interesting, but un-discussed observation has to do with the individual
> reactor size.  Rossi's original small eCats were using a 50g charge of
> fuel.  It appeared that his Ottoman design used 3 internal reaction cells
> that were each in the 50-100g range.  DGT's reactor seems to be in this
> 50-100g range for a reactor cell.  The question that arises is, "Is there a
> large scale collective effect (similar to a critical mass) that is required
> to make this reaction stable and repeatable?"  Where does the 50-100g cell
> size come from?  Will it work just as well in 1g cells?  Unknown.
>
> In Peter's post on the nanoparticles and plasmons ... It is interesting
> that nanoparticles are sized in a commensurate number of atoms that will
> both support plasmons and Rydberg condensates.  Could the two phenomena be
> related or at least coupled?
>
> My expectation is that in a typical 50g charge of fuel, there may be
> ~10^18 nanosites dispersed on the nickel micropowder.  Rossi claimed 5kW
> for 6 months on this charge which is 7.8x10^10 joules.  Presuming that 50%
> of the nanosites were active and consumed in this period, then each
> nanosite would have supplied ~4x10^-8 joule/active nanosite =
> ~240GeV/active nanosite.  If we "guestimate" ~25MEV/transmutation
> (estimated in D+D->He), then each active nanosite would be providing about
> 10,000 transmutations.  This is not an unrealistic number of transmutations
> to occur in a ring around the nanosite on the nickel where the
> nanosite itself was an area containing 1000 nanopowder atoms - at least
> from a rough order of magnitude.
>
> On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 12:53 AM, Axil Axil wrote:
>
>> Correct me if I am wrong…
>>
>>
>>
>> The “frequencies" generator was used in the 1 MW test in self-sustain
>> mode only after the reactor got up to temperature and the internal heater
>> was placed in sleep mode.
>>
>>
>>
>> Since self-sustain mode was a relatively new development associated with
>> and as a feature of the big 1 MW reactor, its use may not be directly
>> correlated with lowered H2 pressure.
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[David Roberson]

You have posed some interesting questions Bob.  I have given the charge 
weight(50-100g) a modest amount of thought and suggest that the reason for this 
magnitude is for practical concerns.  I assume that the heat generation 
mechanism occurs throughout the volume of the charge while the heat escaping 
into the output must pass through the surface of the reactor chamber.  If they 
increased each of the dimensions of the core by a fixed fractional amount then 
the ratio of volume to area would increase by that factor.  In other words, the 
internal temperature of the reaction material would by necessity go up and 
become closer to melting for the same output power per kilogram.  Both of these 
groups may have found the best balance to use based upon their geometry and the 
amount of time they applied to the situation.

Another factor to consider when choosing the best quantity of material for the 
reactors is the efficiency of the heating source required to reach operational 
temperature.  The heating associated with this source is lost through the 
surface area of the reaction chamber as well.  A larger mass of material in 
contact with the heater compared to the surface area of escape leads to easier 
heating and less watts.

All of my thoughts are based upon the heat generation mechanism being local to 
the reaction region.  Rossi has stated on more than one occasion that radiation 
carries a significant amount of energy from this region into the lead shield 
where it is released.  DGT suggests that they do not release any significant 
amount of radiation by their process and I am left with wondering if the same 
mechanism is operating in both cases.  We will only know the truth once the 
devices are reverse engineered by skilled scientists and engineers.

Dave



-Original Message-
From: Bob Higgins 
To: vortex-l 
Cc: rj.bob.higgins 
Sent: Thu, Mar 22, 2012 11:07 am
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol


Of course, I was not there to personally witness any of the hardware or the 
testing.  I am working entirely from second hand reports of what was done.
 
Rossi appears to have been well versed in the behavior of his smaller, early 
systems in terms of warm-up, self-sustain, re-start/maintenance modes.  He 
apparently had difficulty getting the self-sustain mode to last for sufficient 
time and that may have been the bone of contention with DGT, his partner at the 
time.  At the time he also appears to have had a relationship with Upsalla 
(Kullander/Essen) who appeared to at least influence the design of the 
"ottoman" class reactors.  It appears that the "frequencies" input was first 
shown as part of the ottoman reactor.  I surmise it was designed to help 
stimulate the self-sustain reaction by allowing the operation at lowest H2 
pressure without spontaneous statistical cooling and drop-out of reaction 
because of cooling.  The "frequencies" seem to have averaged out the reaction - 
making it less statistically chaotic.  The frequencies are not required for the 
effect to occur, but only appear to have been added to stabilize it.
 
An interesting, but un-discussed observation has to do with the individual 
reactor size.  Rossi's original small eCats were using a 50g charge of fuel.  
It appeared that his Ottoman design used 3 internal reaction cells that were 
each in the 50-100g range.  DGT's reactor seems to be in this 50-100g range for 
a reactor cell.  The question that arises is, "Is there a large scale 
collective effect (similar to a critical mass) that is required to make this 
reaction stable and repeatable?"  Where does the 50-100g cell size come from?  
Will it work just as well in 1g cells?  Unknown.
 
In Peter's post on the nanoparticles and plasmons ... It is interesting that 
nanoparticles are sized in a commensurate number of atoms that will both 
support plasmons and Rydberg condensates.  Could the two phenomena be related 
or at least coupled?
 
My expectation is that in a typical 50g charge of fuel, there may be ~10^18 
nanosites dispersed on the nickel micropowder.  Rossi claimed 5kW for 6 months 
on this charge which is 7.8x10^10 joules.  Presuming that 50% of the nanosites 
were active and consumed in this period, then each nanosite would have supplied 
~4x10^-8 joule/active nanosite = ~240GeV/active nanosite.  If we "guestimate" 
~25MEV/transmutation (estimated in D+D->He), then each active nanosite would be 
providing about 10,000 transmutations.  This is not an unrealistic number of 
transmutations to occur in a ring around the nanosite on the nickel where the 
nanosite itself was an area containing 1000 nanopowder atoms - at least from a 
rough order of magnitude.


On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 12:53 AM, Axil Axil wrote:

Correct me if I am wrong…
 
The “frequencies" generator was used in the 1 MW test in self-sustain mode only 
after the reactor got up to temperature and the

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

 Post 5

Bob Higgins stated: In Peter's post on the nanoparticles and plasmons ...
It is interesting that nanoparticles are sized in a commensurate number of
atoms that will both support plasmons and Rydberg condensates.  Could the
two phenomena be related or at least coupled?



Axil comments:

The relationship is with the other condinsate: the proton pair condinstate.

Bob this speculation brings back memories. I posted in the tread titled
“Right Sizing Nickel Particles” that the ideal nickel particle size was
4.14 microns to correspond to the Lambda(max) associated to the black body
radiation of 400C. 400C is the presumed internal operating temperature of
Rossi’s reactor.

Rossi uses a two stage particle configuration where nano-cavities on the
surface of the micro-grains are nano-sized. The function of these
nano-cavities is to bring two protons into coherence to form an entangled
proton pair that will join a Bose- Einstein condensate of coherent proton
pairs. These cavities act like tiny mixers where the quantum mechanical
properties of the two protons are forced to become the same.



I will repost this observation for your convenience as follows:

Right Sizing Nickel Particles

In physics, Planck's law describes the amount of energy emitted by a black
body in radiation of a certain wavelength (i.e. the spectral radiance of a
black body). The law is named after Max Planck, who originally proposed it
in 1900. The law was the first to accurately describe black body radiation,
and resolved the ultraviolet catastrophe. It is a pioneer result of modern
physics and quantum theory.



For a given black body temperature, the wavelength at the peak of the
Planck curve is called maximum lambda.



This value gives a fell for the minimum relative size that a radiating
object must be to optimally support photons associated with a give
temperature.



Like and antenna, a particle of nickel will best support the photons at a
given temperature if the particle size is the adjusted to the ideal size.



For a temperature of 700k or about 400C, the Lambda(max) must be 4.14
microns.



This is why Rossi uses very large micro sized nickel particles in his
reactor. Nano sized particles will not properly support the ideal photon
wavelength needed to force protons into quantum mechanical coherence.



Rossi undoubtedly found this optimal size through trial and error but
science is easier.  For a Planck function Infrared Radiance Calculator see
the following:

https://www.sensiac.org/external/resources/calculators/infrared_radiance_calculator.jsf%3bjsessionid=D08873244D6904EE654DBCDF0391F95E




On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 11:07 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Of course, I was not there to personally witness any of the hardware or
> the testing.  I am working entirely from second hand reports of what was
> done.
>
> Rossi appears to have been well versed in the behavior of his smaller,
> early systems in terms of warm-up, self-sustain, re-start/maintenance
> modes.  He apparently had difficulty getting the self-sustain mode to last
> for sufficient time and that may have been the bone of contention with DGT,
> his partner at the time.  At the time he also appears to have had a
> relationship with Upsalla (Kullander/Essen) who appeared to at least
> influence the design of the "ottoman" class reactors.  It appears that the
> "frequencies" input was first shown as part of the ottoman reactor.  I
> surmise it was designed to help stimulate the self-sustain reaction by
> allowing the operation at lowest H2 pressure without spontaneous
> statistical cooling and drop-out of reaction because of cooling.  The
> "frequencies" seem to have averaged out the reaction - making it less
> statistically chaotic.  The frequencies are not required for the effect to
> occur, but only appear to have been added to stabilize it.
>
> An interesting, but un-discussed observation has to do with the individual
> reactor size.  Rossi's original small eCats were using a 50g charge of
> fuel.  It appeared that his Ottoman design used 3 internal reaction cells
> that were each in the 50-100g range.  DGT's reactor seems to be in this
> 50-100g range for a reactor cell.  The question that arises is, "Is there a
> large scale collective effect (similar to a critical mass) that is required
> to make this reaction stable and repeatable?"  Where does the 50-100g cell
> size come from?  Will it work just as well in 1g cells?  Unknown.
>
> In Peter's post on the nanoparticles and plasmons ... It is interesting
> that nanoparticles are sized in a commensurate number of atoms that will
> both support plasmons and Rydberg condensates.  Could the two phenomena be
> related or at least coupled?
>
> My expectation is that in a typical 50g charge of fuel, there may be
> ~10^18 nanosites dispersed on the nickel micropowder.  Rossi claimed 5kW
> for 6 months on this charge which is 7.8x10^10 joules.  Presuming that 50%
> of the nanosites were active and consumed in this period, t

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Bob Higgins]

Of course, I was not there to personally witness any of the hardware or the
testing.  I am working entirely from second hand reports of what was done.

Rossi appears to have been well versed in the behavior of his smaller,
early systems in terms of warm-up, self-sustain, re-start/maintenance
modes.  He apparently had difficulty getting the self-sustain mode to last
for sufficient time and that may have been the bone of contention with DGT,
his partner at the time.  At the time he also appears to have had a
relationship with Upsalla (Kullander/Essen) who appeared to at least
influence the design of the "ottoman" class reactors.  It appears that the
"frequencies" input was first shown as part of the ottoman reactor.  I
surmise it was designed to help stimulate the self-sustain reaction by
allowing the operation at lowest H2 pressure without spontaneous
statistical cooling and drop-out of reaction because of cooling.  The
"frequencies" seem to have averaged out the reaction - making it less
statistically chaotic.  The frequencies are not required for the effect to
occur, but only appear to have been added to stabilize it.

An interesting, but un-discussed observation has to do with the individual
reactor size.  Rossi's original small eCats were using a 50g charge of
fuel.  It appeared that his Ottoman design used 3 internal reaction cells
that were each in the 50-100g range.  DGT's reactor seems to be in this
50-100g range for a reactor cell.  The question that arises is, "Is there a
large scale collective effect (similar to a critical mass) that is required
to make this reaction stable and repeatable?"  Where does the 50-100g cell
size come from?  Will it work just as well in 1g cells?  Unknown.

In Peter's post on the nanoparticles and plasmons ... It is interesting
that nanoparticles are sized in a commensurate number of atoms that will
both support plasmons and Rydberg condensates.  Could the two phenomena be
related or at least coupled?

My expectation is that in a typical 50g charge of fuel, there may be ~10^18
nanosites dispersed on the nickel micropowder.  Rossi claimed 5kW for 6
months on this charge which is 7.8x10^10 joules.  Presuming that 50% of the
nanosites were active and consumed in this period, then each nanosite would
have supplied ~4x10^-8 joule/active nanosite = ~240GeV/active nanosite.  If
we "guestimate" ~25MEV/transmutation (estimated in D+D->He), then each
active nanosite would be providing about 10,000 transmutations.  This is
not an unrealistic number of transmutations to occur in a ring around the
nanosite on the nickel where the nanosite itself was an area containing
1000 nanopowder atoms - at least from a rough order of magnitude.

On Thu, Mar 22, 2012 at 12:53 AM, Axil Axil wrote:

> Correct me if I am wrong…
>
>
>
> The “frequencies" generator was used in the 1 MW test in self-sustain mode
> only after the reactor got up to temperature and the internal heater was
> placed in sleep mode.
>
>
>
> Since self-sustain mode was a relatively new development associated with
> and as a feature of the big 1 MW reactor, its use may not be directly
> correlated with lowered H2 pressure.
>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Correct me if I am wrong…



The “frequencies" generator was used in the 1 MW test in self-sustain mode
only after the reactor got up to temperature and the internal heater was
placed in sleep mode.



Since self-sustain mode was a relatively new development associated with
and as a feature of the big 1 MW reactor, its use may not be directly
correlated with lowered H2 pressure.
Regards: Axil

On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 11:10 PM, Eric Walker  wrote:

>
> On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 8:51 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:
>
> Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.  That
>> appeared to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2
>> pressure where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control.  It is
>> known that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2
>> pressure.
>>
>
> Thank you, Bob, for the interesting analysis.  Please keep them coming.
>
> Eric
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Eric Walker]

On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 8:51 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.  That appeared
> to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2 pressure
> where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control.  It is known
> that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2 pressure.
>

Thank you, Bob, for the interesting analysis.  Please keep them coming.

Eric

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Bob Higgins]

Axil, these are interesting posts that will stir our imagination.  However,
some of what you said doesn't ring true and some of it I just don't
understand.

You said:

 *Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development of prototype
thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter.*

I haven't seen this anywhere.  I know that Rossi and Leonardo Corp worked
on TE (Thermoelectric, not Thermionic) conversion for the US Military, but
that was solid state Peltier effect devices.  I worked for many years with
Peltier devices and never once heard mention of Rydberg effects, because
they are not involved in such devices.  I don't think Rossi has any past
experience with Rydberg matter and I have not seen where he mentioned this
in association with his eCat technology.  I think it is only your
speculation that Rydberg matter is involved in his process.

You said:

 *IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as a way to
control the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that is to make
sure that a cold zone is properly maintained.*

Well, IMHO, Rossi and DGT both use resistive heaters incapable of providing
"pulsed heat" due to the thermal mass.  In fact, the high pressure H2 has
tremendous heat capacity and will also make it hard to create thermal
pulsing by any means.  I don't believe short time-scale thermal pulses are
being created as a stimulus.

Early Rossi devices did not use his "frequencies" generator.  That appeared
to be an addition to help stimulate the reaction at a lower H2 pressure
where the reaction had less tendency to run out of control.  It is known
that the reaction rate increases with temperature and with H2 pressure.
The early eCat reactors were water cooled and used a stainless steel cell.
The thermal resistance in the stainless shell allowed the temperature of
the reactant/H2 to be at 400-600C while the water was only at 100C;
however, it also meant that the ability to extract heat was limited by the
same thermal resistance.  Above a critical heat generation inside the cell,
the water cooling could no longer pull out enough heat through the thermal
resistance of the poorly conducting stainless to keep the temperature of
the reactant from rising.  This was the thermal runaway.  This caused Rossi
to operate at lower H2 pressures to keep the maximum heat generation below
what he could pull out through the stainless thermal resistance, allowing
him to control the temperature from going so high as to melt the nickel and
eliminate the surface properties that stimulate the reaction.
Unfortunately, operation on this threshold of LENR was tenuous when just
based on keeping it at the right temperature.  The reaction is somewhat
chaotic (like noise) and it can quickly fall below the operational
threshold when operated so close to threshold.

Interestingly, DGT operates at noticeably higher H2 pressure, that in
Rossi's case would cause a thermal runaway.  DGT has found a means to
rapidly "quench" the reaction (stop it) so that they can control the heat
output.  They can turn the quench on and off and get reaction pulses - as
many as they like to get the heat output they want.  I have some ideas on
how they do the quenching - and it is not thermal.

The Rydberg matter seems to be going in the wrong direction.  Normal ground
state atoms have a smaller mean orbital radius.  Outside of this radius the
atom appears net neutral.  If you get inside of this radius, there is a
strong electric field.  To get fusion to occur, the nuclei must be much
much closer than the the radius of the the ground state hydrogen orbital.
The + nuclear charge is only screened as long as you are outside the
orbital.  In Rydberg atoms, the orbital is HUGE.  This allows them to
easily couple and form condensates.  However, it also means that the nuclei
cannot get as close to another nucleus as a ground state atom because the
orbital is bigger.  The instant you are inside the orbital you have the
nuclear repulsion.  From this perspective, Fran's Inverse Rydberg state
(orbital smaller than ground state) makes more sense - it would allow the
nuclei to become closer before the orbital is crossed exposing the
repulsive electrostatic forces.  I think the Inverse Rydberg "matter" would
be natually less likely to form a condensate than a ground state atom due
to the shrunken orbital which I think decreases the coupling coefficient.
The Inverse Rydberg state would seem to fit better into a theory of the
solid state effects inside the lattice of nickel or palladium and is going
in the right direction to explain proton insertion into another nucleus.

Rossi stated that his fuel is a Ni powder with MICRON dimensions - not
nano.  To that he adds a secret sauce, likely to be a nanopowder.  This
added nanopowder combined on the 1000x larger surface of the Ni powder may
form islands of atoms that could each form a Rydberg like condensate on the
top of the Ni.  This in turn could stimulate the catalysis of 

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[integral.property.serv...@gmail.com]

may be 
the secret.


- Original Message -
*From:* integral.property.serv...@gmail.com
<mailto:integral.property.serv...@gmail.com>
*To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com <mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com>
    *Sent:* Wednesday, March 21, 2012 12:02 PM
*Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

Jojo,

Is this what Phen in ecatbuilder. com/catalyst/ was doing, using
MgH2 as a proton source? Spark = plasma and vortex
http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg62495.html
makes note of that.

Warm Regards,

Reality

Jojo Jaro wrote:

Axil, Excellent series of posts on Rydberg Matter.  Very
informative.  Thanks.  I now have a better understanding.
My question centers on speculation about how Rossi might be
creating Rydberg matter of Cesium or Potassium as you speculate. 
Tell me if my speculation makes sense.

In Rossi's earlier reactor design, I speculate he had a
cylindrical reactor with a wire in the middle which he subjects
to high voltage.  The high voltage creates sparks.  The high
voltage may have been applied at a specific frequency.  I suspect
the high voltage applied at just the right frequency would create
tons of and tons of Rydberg matter via sparking.  I am thinking
that if the frequency were too low, there would not be enough
Rydberg matter created.  If the frequency were too high, it would
possibly create a too high localized temperature to "cook" and
melt the nickel powder rendering its nanostructures inert thereby
killing the LENR reactions.  I'm thinking the trick is to find
out the right amount of sparking - enough to create tons of
Rydberg matter but not too much to melt the nickel
nanostructures.  It would also be important to design the heat
and convective flow inside the reactor to properly distribute the
heat.
With this cylindrical setup, the nickel powder would be
"bunching" at the bottom of the cylindrical reactor.  Applying
repeated sparking onto this pile would increase the chances of
melting the nickel nanostructure due to increased localized high
temperatures due to sparking.  This would explain Rossi's
quiescence problem.  He can only apply sparks for so long till
the Ni powders would melt.
To solve this quiescense problem, Rossi had to figure out how to
distribute the sparks over a wider area - basically he has to
spread the nickel powder.  I believe this is what prompted Rossi
to design his "FAT Cat" design.  If I remember correctly, his
home E-Cat was shaped like a laptop with the reactor itself being
only 20x20x1 cm in dimensions.  This is essentially two metal
plates separated by a thin layer of pressurized hydrogen.  The
nickel is spread out thinly over the surface of the plate.  He
then subjects the plates to high voltage to create sparks.  He
controls the amount of sparks by varying the frequency of the
high voltage.  If he needs more reaction, he increases the
frequency of the sparks creating more Rydberg matter to catalyze
more reactions.  If he lowers the amount of sparks, he lowers the
reaction rate.  Spreading the Ni powder would also have the
effect of spreading the heat thereby minimizing the chances of
too high localized temperatures.
In DGT's design, they have cylindrical reactors machined from a
big block of steel.  I believe they would then put a wire in the
middle just like Rossi's original design.  (I believe that the
purpose of the "window" in DGT's test reactors is to observe the
sparks during testing.)  DGT minimized the quiescene problem by
using Ni sparingly and spreading it  out over a longer
cylindrical reactor.  Rossi's cylindrical reactor was short and
fat, hence his Ni powder would be bunched up in the bottom. 
DGT's cylindrical design was longer and thinner, thereby

spreading the Ni powder, minimizing quiescense as they claimed.
To me this appears to be evident.  I believe part of the
electronics in Rossi's blue control box is electronics for
controlling the sparking rate, which he calls "RF".
So basically, I think you may be right about Rydberg matter.  I
think the strategy is to design a reactor that would subject
the Ni and catalyst mix to sparks promoting the creation of
Rydberg matter.  Then make sure that there is sufficient
turbulence inside the rreactor to agitate and blow the powder all
over thereby minimizing the chances of "cooking" the powder while
simultaneously increasing the chances of a chance encounter
between the Rydberg matter catalyst and the Ni nuclei.
So, essentially, I think the secret is sparks with lots of 
turbulent mixing. I have designed a new reactor setup to try out

these id

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Jojo Jaro]

No one has a complete picture of what Chan/Phen does but I seriously doubt 
they're legit.  

In Chan/Phen's setup, they put their powder into a 1/4" tube under a propane 
environment.  They then slide it inside a 1" tube with a magnet wire coil 1000' 
in length or so.  He then subjects the coil to RF.  As someone correctly 
pointed out to me, when I was planning a similar setup, that such an RF coil 
setup would only be usable up to probabaly 200 Mhz.  A 1000' coil of magnet 
wire would have sufficient inductance to essentially be useless at any higher 
RF frequency.  200 Mhz is way too low from the suspected resonance frequency of 
Hydrogen which many suspect is 1420 Mhz (or 1.2735 Ghz - Don't ask me where I 
got this number.)

I suspect what happens is the RF is heating the propane inside his tube enough 
to react with some of his elements.  This reaction appears to be intense enough 
to initiate a low grade reaction in his mineral oil bath to generate low grade 
heat at 200C.  I don't believe Chan/Phen has an LENR reaction.  I suspect it is 
chemical.


I do not believe the trick is in some kind of resonance reaction induced by RF. 
 I believe the secret is in some kind of Rydberg matter reaction as Axil has 
speculated.  

So, what is the best most efficient way to create Rydberg matter?  I believe it 
is through the application and control of sparks.  Each spark ionizes the 
hydrogen, nickel and other stuff in your reactor.  Allow this ionized matter to 
cool down sufficiently and condense into Rydberg matter instead of reverting 
back to its ordinary gaseous or solid form by controlling the amount of your 
sparking.  The trick I think is to control this temperature so that Rydberg 
matter are created.  At just the right temperature, Ionized matter would 
condense into Rydberg matter.  Create an environment where your reactor insides 
are teaming with tons of Rydberg matter and you increase the chances of a 
nuclei fusion as Axil has speculated.

One thing to note is that for you to have a good number of Rydberg matter 
created, your reactor environment must be providing sufficient turbulence.  If 
not, you will simply be sparking the same powder molecules over and over again. 
 Not only will you destroy the Rydberg matter that have been created, you will 
also melt your Ni powder.  So, like I said, sparking with turbelence is the key.

Sparks are very efficient ways of creating Ionized matter.  In a hydrogen gas 
environment, about 30-40% of the energy goes into ionizing the hydrogen instead 
of simply bulk heating it.  Bulk heating the gas and powder I think is counter 
productive.  So, sparks may be the secret.


  - Original Message - 
  From: integral.property.serv...@gmail.com 
  To: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
  Sent: Wednesday, March 21, 2012 12:02 PM
  Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol


  Jojo,

  Is this what Phen in ecatbuilder. com/catalyst/ was doing, using MgH2 as a 
proton source? Spark = plasma and vortex 
http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg62495.html makes note of 
that.

  Warm Regards,

  Reality

  Jojo Jaro wrote: 
Axil, Excellent series of posts on Rydberg Matter.  Very informative.  
Thanks.  I now have a better understanding. 

My question centers on speculation about how Rossi might be creating 
Rydberg matter of Cesium or Potassium as you speculate.  Tell me if my 
speculation makes sense. 

In Rossi's earlier reactor design, I speculate he had a cylindrical reactor 
with a wire in the middle which he subjects to high voltage.  The high voltage 
creates sparks.  The high voltage may have been applied at a specific 
frequency.  I suspect the high voltage applied at just the right frequency 
would create tons of and tons of Rydberg matter via sparking.  I am thinking 
that if the frequency were too low, there would not be enough Rydberg matter 
created.  If the frequency were too high, it would possibly create a too high 
localized temperature to "cook" and melt the nickel powder rendering its 
nanostructures inert thereby killing the LENR reactions.  I'm thinking the 
trick is to find out the right amount of sparking - enough to create tons of 
Rydberg matter but not too much to melt the nickel nanostructures.  It would 
also be important to design the heat and convective flow inside the reactor to 
properly distribute the heat. 

With this cylindrical setup, the nickel powder would be "bunching" at the 
bottom of the cylindrical reactor.  Applying repeated sparking onto this pile 
would increase the chances of melting the nickel nanostructure due to increased 
localized high temperatures due to sparking.  This would explain Rossi's 
quiescence problem.  He can only apply sparks for so long till the Ni powders 
would melt.  

To solve this quiescense problem, Rossi had to figure out how to distribute 
the sparks over a wider area - basi

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 4



Bob Higgins asked: “In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O-
crystals that form are Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be
some kind of condensate, but not necessarily Rydberg."



"The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the
Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate
from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides
support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you
explain that a little more?”





Axil’s response:





One type of crystal type formations that Rydberg matter can assume is the
two dimensional crystal. These Rydberg atoms form a flat plane constrained
by a hexagonal boundary. These planes can stack one on top of the other to
form a long string.



See this reference for a picture:



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_matter



LeClair says:



“Crystal cross-sections can be equilateral triangles, regular or
oval-shaped hexagons, twinned crystals such as hourglasses, or hybrids of
triangles and hexagons.”



“The crystals can be linear or helical, with large bacteriophage-like
icosahedral shaped heads and long whip tails.”



LeClair says that these crystals have a 0 ph. This shows that the valence
electrons are far removed from the nuclei in an extremely high orbit.



The extreme electrostatic masking draws the crystal to matter at hypersonic
speed.



In point of fact, I believe that this crystal’s electrostatic field
oscillates between positive and negative charge consistent with an
extremely large coherent dipole moment. This oscillating electrostatic
field would still produce osculating coulomb masking and hypersonic
acceleration toward other matter.



When the field was negative nothing would happen.



When the dipole radiation was positive, it would look like there were a
billion protons near the atoms of nearby matter. This would play havoc on
their coulomb barriers, causing them to fuse.


On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 11:20 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Post 3
>
> Bob Higgins asked: “Other condensates are possible, but why would you
> think these are Rydberg?  While we know that the LENR appears to happen at
> the surface, and it also appears to require support from within the lattice
> (loading) - so it sounds like some kind of condensate effect is needed
> within the lattice.”
>
> Axil’s response:
>
> The Rossi type reactor is complicated. That is why it performs so many
> wonders.
> IMHO, two condensates are at work in the Rossi type reactor. Rydberg
> matter is one, and the other is a Bose-Einstein condensate of proton cooper
> pairs.
>
> Rossi needs both the condensates to do the job.
>
> A Rydberg condensate can be engineered to vary in potency from very weak
> to extremely strong.
>
> Rossi has set the strength of his Rydberg matter to match the fusion of
> proton cooper pairs with nickel nuclei.
>
> Unless there is the optimum level of proton cooper pairs formed, no fusion
> takes place.
>
> Because the Bose-Einstein condensate of protons is the feedstock of the
> Rossi reaction, this coherent condensate thermalizes the gamma radiation
> that would normally be the energetic product of fusion.
>
> The energy of fusion is spread throughout the Bose-Einstein condensate of
> protons  and this gamma radiation is therefore reduced in wavelength
> proportional to the number of pairs in the condensate.
>
> Conversely, without this Rydberg matter, no fusion would occur or at least
> the level of fusion is greatly reduced. Rossi has stated that without the
> use of this Rydberg matter generating catalyst no fusion would occur.
>
> So it takes two condensates to tango. Both condensates are needed to make
> the Rossi reaction go.
>
>
> On the other hand, the Rydberg matter in the LeClair reactor is extremely
> powerful. In the collapsing bubbles of the cavatation bubble Rydberg atoms
> are formed. These atoms are produced in great numbers and at extreme
> excitation. They are captured by O-H Rydberg matter floating in the water
> without control.
>
> They get so powerful that they can cause fusion of any element or compound
> that these crystals get near.
>
> Because there is no Rossi type of Bose-Einstein condensate of protons to
> thermalize the gamma radiation produced by the fusion reaction, the LeClair
> reaction is very dangerous. Its radiation can kill. And little heat is
> generated as a fraction of the total fusion energy produced.
>
> Because the life time of Rydberg matter is proportional to its excitation
> level, the LeClair Rydberg matter will endure forever if it is isolated
> from the environment. Fortunately, these crystals are destroyed in
> milliseconds by water.
>
> LeClair said that he has sent these crystals through air for study. If he
> can do that then they can be collected in large numbers and stored in a
> vacuum. A powerful cold fusion bomb (neutron type?) might be formed by
> employing these crystals by exposing 

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 3

Bob Higgins asked: “Other condensates are possible, but why would you think
these are Rydberg?  While we know that the LENR appears to happen at the
surface, and it also appears to require support from within the lattice
(loading) - so it sounds like some kind of condensate effect is needed
within the lattice.”

Axil’s response:

The Rossi type reactor is complicated. That is why it performs so many
wonders.
IMHO, two condensates are at work in the Rossi type reactor. Rydberg matter
is one, and the other is a Bose-Einstein condensate of proton cooper pairs.

Rossi needs both the condensates to do the job.

A Rydberg condensate can be engineered to vary in potency from very weak to
extremely strong.

Rossi has set the strength of his Rydberg matter to match the fusion of
proton cooper pairs with nickel nuclei.

Unless there is the optimum level of proton cooper pairs formed, no fusion
takes place.

Because the Bose-Einstein condensate of protons is the feedstock of the
Rossi reaction, this coherent condensate thermalizes the gamma radiation
that would normally be the energetic product of fusion.

The energy of fusion is spread throughout the Bose-Einstein condensate of
protons  and this gamma radiation is therefore reduced in wavelength
proportional to the number of pairs in the condensate.

Conversely, without this Rydberg matter, no fusion would occur or at least
the level of fusion is greatly reduced. Rossi has stated that without the
use of this Rydberg matter generating catalyst no fusion would occur.

So it takes two condensates to tango. Both condensates are needed to make
the Rossi reaction go.


On the other hand, the Rydberg matter in the LeClair reactor is extremely
powerful. In the collapsing bubbles of the cavatation bubble Rydberg atoms
are formed. These atoms are produced in great numbers and at extreme
excitation. They are captured by O-H Rydberg matter floating in the water
without control.

They get so powerful that they can cause fusion of any element or compound
that these crystals get near.

Because there is no Rossi type of Bose-Einstein condensate of protons to
thermalize the gamma radiation produced by the fusion reaction, the LeClair
reaction is very dangerous. Its radiation can kill. And little heat is
generated as a fraction of the total fusion energy produced.

Because the life time of Rydberg matter is proportional to its excitation
level, the LeClair Rydberg matter will endure forever if it is isolated
from the environment. Fortunately, these crystals are destroyed in
milliseconds by water.

LeClair said that he has sent these crystals through air for study. If he
can do that then they can be collected in large numbers and stored in a
vacuum. A powerful cold fusion bomb (neutron type?) might be formed by
employing these crystals by exposing them to uranium.












On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 10:06 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Post 2
>
> Bob Higgins asked: “How would these Rydberg electrons survive high
> temperature phonon collisions without the atom becoming ionized and as a
> result breaking up the condensate?”
>
> Axil’s response:
>
> First off, I would like to provide evidence that Rydberg matter can exist
> in a hot environment.
>
> It is know that Rydberg matter can be formed and survive in a Thermionic
> Converter.
>
> From the wikipedia reference:
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermionic_converter
>
> “A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically
> emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode,
> producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor is used to optimize
> the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface contact
> ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the
> electron space charge.”
>
> The temperature near the hot emitter electrode reaches a temperature
> around 1500 to 2000K.
>
> “Recent studies(1) have shown that excited Cs-atoms in thermionic
> converters form clusters of Cs-Rydberg matter which yield a decrease of
> collector emitting work function from 1.5 eV to 1.0 – 0.7 eV. Due to
> long-lived nature of Rydberg matter this low work function remains low for
> a long time which essentially increases the low-temperature converter’s
> efficiency.”
>
> (1)- Very low work function surfaces from condensed excited states:
> Rydberg matter of cesium - Robert Svensson, Leif Holmlid
>
>
> "Measurements of work functions on the electrodes in plasma diodes of the
> thermionic energy converter (TEC) type are commonly made by studies of the
> voltage-current characteristics. The plasma in such converters is a low
> temperature cesium plasma, between two electrodes at different
> temperatures, around 1500 and 800 K respectively. We have recently reported
> on new phenomena in such plasmas, giving very strong electron emission from
> the cold to the hot electrode. This type of behaviour is related to the
> formation of large densities of excited states, and w

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[integral.property.serv...@gmail.com]

n the Rydberg matter
  catalyst and the Ni nuclei.  
  
 So, essentially, I think the secret is sparks with lots
  of  turbulent mixing. I have designed a new reactor setup to
  try out these ideas.  I will have a horizontal cylindrical
  reactor with a "stripped" spark plug electrode as the high
  voltage source.  I will then drive this spark plug with an
  Ignition coil actuated by a Power MOSFET driven by the PWM
  output of my MF-28 data acquisition module.  I will program
  the sparking frequency by controlling the rate of PWM output. 
  (Later on, I will program a feedback mechanism to lower the
  sparking rate if the temperature gets too high.)  The trick
  would then be to find the right amount of sparking for the
  highest amount of heat production.  To increase chances of
  success, I will be including all elements suggested as
  catalyst - ie iron, carbon, copper, tungsten, sodium,
   potassium and cesium, although cesium might be harder to
  acquire. 
  
 What do you think of my plan? 
  
 Once again, thanks for sharing your theoretical
  understanding so that we engineers can build and do the
  experiments. 
  
 Jojo 
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
- Original Message - 
From: Axil
            Axil 
    To: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
    Sent: Wednesday, March 21, 2012 4:31 AM
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic
  monopol



  Hi Bob,
Much thanks for your interest in this post.
In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take
  some time… so be patient.
I will respond in a series of posts.
Post #1
Bob Higgins asked: “ Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely
  bound electron”. 
Axil answers:
Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various
  chemical compounds can take the form of Rydberg matter. 
For example in the Rossi reactor, I now suspect that the
  ‘secret sauce’ that Rossi tells us catalyzes his reaction is
  cesium in the form of Rydberg matter. I say this because of
  the 400C internal operating temperature range that Rossi says
  his reactor operates at. 
If this internal operating temperature is actually 500C, then
  the reactor may be hot enough for his secret sauce to be
  potassium based Rydberg matter.
Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg
  electrons occupy, how can such a phenomenon be considered
  inside a nickel lattice?”   
Axil answers:
This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the
  micro powder. This complex crystal can grow very large (1). It
  sits on the surface of the pile of micro-powder where under
  the influence of its strong dipole moment, coherent
  electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers the
  coulomb barrier of the nickel nuclei. 
   
Because this is an electrostatically mediated reaction, only
  the surface of the nickel micro-grain is affected. The
  electromagnetic field cannot penetrate inside the nickel
  grain.
But this field does penetrate deeply in and among the various
  grains of the pile of powder to generate a maximized reaction
  with every grain contributing.
The electrostatic radiation of this dipole moment catalyzes
  the fusion reaction. In detail, this strong dipole moment
  lowers this coulomb barrier of the nuclei of the nickel just
  enough to allow a entangled proton cooper pair to tunnel
  inside the nickel nucleus, but not enough to allow the nickel
  atoms of the lattice to fuse.
Micro powder allows for a large surface area relative to the
  total volume of nickel. More surface area allows for more cold
  fusion reaction. This is why the use of micro powder is a
  breakthrough in cold fusion technology.
On page 7 of the reference, this aspect of the experiment is
  revealing:
“In order to complete the story of transformation, we should
  consider this problem: where does the transformation take
  place, either throughout the whole space of the explosion
  chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this
  question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts
  (uranyl sulfate, UO2SO4) [3].”
The answer that they found was as follows: throughout the
  whole space of the explosion chamber. 
This is to be expected because the coherent dipole moment of
  Rydberg

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Post 2

Bob Higgins asked: “How would these Rydberg electrons survive high
temperature phonon collisions without the atom becoming ionized and as a
result breaking up the condensate?”

Axil’s response:

First off, I would like to provide evidence that Rydberg matter can exist
in a hot environment.

It is know that Rydberg matter can be formed and survive in a Thermionic
Converter.

>From the wikipedia reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermionic_converter

“A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically
emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode,
producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor is used to optimize
the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface contact
ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the
electron space charge.”

The temperature near the hot emitter electrode reaches a temperature around
1500 to 2000K.

“Recent studies(1) have shown that excited Cs-atoms in thermionic
converters form clusters of Cs-Rydberg matter which yield a decrease of
collector emitting work function from 1.5 eV to 1.0 – 0.7 eV. Due to
long-lived nature of Rydberg matter this low work function remains low for
a long time which essentially increases the low-temperature converter’s
efficiency.”

(1)- Very low work function surfaces from condensed excited states: Rydberg
matter of cesium - Robert Svensson, Leif Holmlid


"Measurements of work functions on the electrodes in plasma diodes of the
thermionic energy converter (TEC) type are commonly made by studies of the
voltage-current characteristics. The plasma in such converters is a low
temperature cesium plasma, between two electrodes at different
temperatures, around 1500 and 800 K respectively. We have recently reported
on new phenomena in such plasmas, giving very strong electron emission from
the cold to the hot electrode. This type of behaviour is related to the
formation of large densities of excited states, and we explain the
observations as due to a condensed phase of excited cesium atoms, which we
call Rydberg matter. This type of matter was recently predicted
theoretically by Manykin et al. An analysis of the diode measurements gives
very low work functions for the excited matter, less than 0.7 eV and
probably less than 0.5 eV. This low work function agrees with the jellium
model, since the density of atoms in Rydberg matter is very low."

Rossi’s previous work experience includes the development of prototype
thermionic converter, so he should know all about Rydberg matter.

Note that the Rydberg matter forms near the COLD electrode of a thermionic
converter tat a temperature of around 500C (800K).

This factoid speaks to the fact that Rydberg matter is formed through the
CONDESATION of hot ions in plasma.

In the case of a Rossi type reactor, the feedstock of Rydberg matter
formation must be in VAPOR form.

Here, it is the proper application of COLD which allows Rydberg matter to
form.

As an analogy, when a snow flake forms in a cloud, water vapor loses heat.
The nascent ice crystal attracts increasing numbers of water molecules as
the snowflake grows larger.

You can think of Rydberg matter as a form of snow.

In Rossi type reactors, the unremitting application of heat is not the
answer. There needs to be a temperature gradient maintained with a hot end
(the spark or the hot element of a heater) and a cold end (a cold hydrogen
envelope big enough for condensation to occur).

The well controlled maintenance of both the hot and cold temperature zones
in the hydrogen envelope is important because Rydberg matter must form and
be rejuvenated constantly.

This goldilocks temperature regime is defined by the Rydberg catalyst
element or compound that is used. The Rydberg catalyst must get close to or
in the hot zone as vapor to be re-ionized.

It is a requirement for the temperature regime inside the hydrogen envelope
be well matched to the Rydberg catalyst to maintain the ionization and
condensation cycle.

If the hydrogen envelop gets too cold in spots the entire supply or at
least a major portion of Rydberg catalyst vapor will solidify as a hydride
on these cold spots and this portion of the Rydberg catalyst won’t be able
to get into the hot zone for ionization.

Vapor is mobile, solid hydride is not.

IMHO, both Rossi and DGT use pulsed application of heat as a way to control
the proper hydrogen envelope temperature profile; that is to make sure that
a cold zone is properly maintained.








On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 4:31 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

>
> Hi Bob,
>
> Much thanks for your interest in this post.
>
> In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take some time…
> so be patient.
>
> I will respond in a series of posts.
>
> Post #1
>
> Bob Higgins asked: “Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron”.
>
> Axil answers:
>
> Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various chemical compounds
> can take the form of Ryd

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Guenter Wildgruber]

 Von: Axil Axil 
An: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
Gesendet: 21:31 Dienstag, 20.März 2012
Betreff: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
 
Axil, interesting series on Rydberg matter, please go on.



Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how 
can such a phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?”  
Axil answers:
This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the micro powder. This 
complex crystal can grow very large (1). It sits on the surface of the pile of 
micro-powder where under the influence of its strong dipole moment, coherent 
electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers the coulomb barrier 
of the nickel nuclei. 
 -

I discussed
this with my project scientist for a short time, just to have some critical
counterposition, but basically we agreed,. (remember: I am not a nuclear
pysicist.)
Anyway. The classical view is, that a Rydberg-atom with n>ca 100 has its
electron >>3nm from the core, so in my 1000-atom Ni-model-crystal, the
electron is actually outside the crystal, and has Bohrian nature, i.e. more
partikle-like than wavelike.
As a first approximation (which is my engineer-genome, chemists and physicists
obviously have different ones), the electron is out of the game, and exerts a
not too big electromagnetic field on the whole crystal, if it changes its
order.
So basically you have -in the case of H(+), a Proton entering the lattice, and
we have to ask what happens there?
I do'nt know.

With Pd-lattices and Deuterium-pairs, the Rydberg-model  gets into some
deep trouble, I suspect.
But anyway.

Maybe I am too particle+ lattice-oriented in this whole thing..

I looked at this among others:
"Surface Analysis of hydrogen loaded nickel alloys" from
Piantelli-Focardi et al, which probably is difficult to explain on the basis of
Rydberg-matter.
But maybe You have an idea.

Piantelly made some strange remarks regarding this in 2012- which distorts the
whole issue, because of patent and priority issues wrt Rossi, and does not
really help the field.

I am trying to prepare a taxonomy of substrates, which seem to work.
This by no means gives a clear picture.

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Jojo Jaro]

in, thanks for sharing your theoretical understanding so that we 
engineers can build and do the experiments.

Jojo






  - Original Message - 
  From: Axil Axil 
  To: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
  Sent: Wednesday, March 21, 2012 4:31 AM
  Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol



  Hi Bob,

  Much thanks for your interest in this post.

  In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take some time… so 
be patient.

  I will respond in a series of posts.

  Post #1

  Bob Higgins asked: “Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron”.

  Axil answers:

  Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various chemical compounds can 
take the form of Rydberg matter. 

  For example in the Rossi reactor, I now suspect that the ‘secret sauce’ that 
Rossi tells us catalyzes his reaction is cesium in the form of Rydberg matter. 
I say this because of the 400C internal operating temperature range that Rossi 
says his reactor operates at. 

  If this internal operating temperature is actually 500C, then the reactor may 
be hot enough for his secret sauce to be potassium based Rydberg matter.

  Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how 
can such a phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?”  

  Axil answers:

  This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the micro powder. This 
complex crystal can grow very large (1). It sits on the surface of the pile of 
micro-powder where under the influence of its strong dipole moment, coherent 
electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers the coulomb barrier 
of the nickel nuclei. 
   

  Because this is an electrostatically mediated reaction, only the surface of 
the nickel micro-grain is affected. The electromagnetic field cannot penetrate 
inside the nickel grain.

  But this field does penetrate deeply in and among the various grains of the 
pile of powder to generate a maximized reaction with every grain contributing.

  The electrostatic radiation of this dipole moment catalyzes the fusion 
reaction. In detail, this strong dipole moment lowers this coulomb barrier of 
the nuclei of the nickel just enough to allow a entangled proton cooper pair to 
tunnel inside the nickel nucleus, but not enough to allow the nickel atoms of 
the lattice to fuse.

  Micro powder allows for a large surface area relative to the total volume of 
nickel. More surface area allows for more cold fusion reaction. This is why the 
use of micro powder is a breakthrough in cold fusion technology.

  On page 7 of the reference, this aspect of the experiment is revealing:

  “In order to complete the story of transformation, we should consider this 
problem: where does the transformation take place, either throughout the whole 
space of the explosion chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this 
question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts (uranyl sulfate, 
UO2SO4) [3].”

  The answer that they found was as follows: throughout the whole space of the 
explosion chamber.

  This is to be expected because the coherent dipole moment of Rydberg matter 
is extremely strong and long ranged.  It is like an electromagnetic laser beam 
that can exert its influence over a distance of centimeters. 




  (1) LeClair said he saw the size of one of his crystals as large as a few 
centimeters.
 













   

  On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 9:56 AM, Bob Higgins  wrote:

Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil.  I like reading them.  Please 
continue posting them.  But, I am confused.  Could you can help me understand 
these questions:

Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron.  How would these 
Rydberg electrons survive high temperature phonon collisions without the atom 
becoming ionized and as a result breaking up the condensate?

With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how can such a 
phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?  The electron orbitals would 
extend greater than the nickel lattice spacing.  Other condensates are 
possible, but why would you think these are Rydberg?  While we know that the 
LENR appears to happen at the surface, and it also appears to require support 
from within the lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some kind of condensate 
effect is needed within the lattice.

In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O- crystals that form 
are Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be some kind of 
condensate, but not necessarily Rydberg.

The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the 
Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate 
from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides 
support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you 
explain that a little more?

  On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

This post is t

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Axil Axil]

Hi Bob,

Much thanks for your interest in this post.

In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take some time… so
be patient.

I will respond in a series of posts.

Post #1

Bob Higgins asked: “Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron”.

Axil answers:

Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various chemical compounds
can take the form of Rydberg matter.

For example in the Rossi reactor, I now suspect that the ‘secret sauce’
that Rossi tells us catalyzes his reaction is cesium in the form of Rydberg
matter. I say this because of the 400C internal operating temperature range
that Rossi says his reactor operates at.

If this internal operating temperature is actually 500C, then the reactor
may be hot enough for his secret sauce to be potassium based Rydberg matter.

Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy,
how can such a phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?”

Axil answers:

This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the micro powder. This
complex crystal can grow very large (1). It sits on the surface of the pile
of micro-powder where under the influence of its strong dipole moment,
coherent electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers the
coulomb barrier of the nickel nuclei.


Because this is an electrostatically mediated reaction, only the surface of
the nickel micro-grain is affected. The electromagnetic field cannot
penetrate inside the nickel grain.

But this field does penetrate deeply in and among the various grains of the
pile of powder to generate a maximized reaction with every grain
contributing.

The electrostatic radiation of this dipole moment catalyzes the fusion
reaction. In detail, this strong dipole moment lowers this coulomb barrier
of the nuclei of the nickel just enough to allow a entangled proton cooper
pair to tunnel inside the nickel nucleus, but not enough to allow the
nickel atoms of the lattice to fuse.

Micro powder allows for a large surface area relative to the total volume
of nickel. More surface area allows for more cold fusion reaction. This is
why the use of micro powder is a breakthrough in cold fusion technology.

On page 7 of the reference, this aspect of the experiment is revealing:

“In order to complete the story of transformation, we should consider this
problem: where does the transformation take place, either throughout the
whole space of the explosion chamber or only in the plasma channel? To
answer this question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts (uranyl
sulfate, UO2SO4) [3].”

The answer that they found was as follows: throughout the whole space of
the explosion chamber.

This is to be expected because the coherent dipole moment of Rydberg matter
is extremely strong and long ranged.  It is like an electromagnetic laser
beam that can exert its influence over a distance of centimeters.




(1) LeClair said he saw the size of one of his crystals as large as a few
centimeters.















On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 9:56 AM, Bob Higgins wrote:

> Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil.  I like reading them.  Please
> continue posting them.  But, I am confused.  Could you can help me
> understand these questions:
>
> Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron.  How would these
> Rydberg electrons survive high temperature phonon collisions without the
> atom becoming ionized and as a result breaking up the condensate?
>
> With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how can such a
> phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?  The electron orbitals
> would extend greater than the nickel lattice spacing.  Other condensates
> are possible, but why would you think these are Rydberg?  While we know
> that the LENR appears to happen at the surface, and it also appears to
> require support from within the lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some
> kind of condensate effect is needed within the lattice.
>
> In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O- crystals that form
> are Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be some kind of
> condensate, but not necessarily Rydberg.
>
> The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the
> Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate
> from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides
> support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you
> explain that a little more?
>
>
> *On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:*
>
>  Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>>>
>>> This post is third in the series on Rydberg matter which includes as
>>> follows:
>>>
>>> Cold Fusion Magic Dust
>>>
>>> Rydberg matter and cavitation
>>>
>>

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Roarty, Francis X]

Good questions Bob, I have asked Axil similar but now another thought occurs to 
me regarding the spatial measurements of Rydberg atoms... how and with what 
metrics were these measurements determined. I still prefer the inverse Rydberg 
state for the hydrino inside cavities but am less opposed to a  Rydberg state 
on the surface areas than previously. The paper by Naudts that allows for the 
existence of the hydrino as relativistic hydrogen led me to a relativistic 
interpretation for Casimir effect - I failed to give Axil the same 
consideration regarding Rydberg atoms in this environment which is to say that 
just as the hydrino can be relativistic so too can the Rydberg atoms...meaning 
that only their equivalent mass gets larger but they appear to shrink for the 
same reason a spaceship approaching C appears to shrink from our perspective. 
It doesn't matter if the acceleration is positive or negative relative to the 
observer the remote object always shrinks and if the acceleration is 
"equivalent" the need for spatial displacement inside the bulk material is 
mitigated. All this to say that Rydberg atoms could be temporally displaced in 
equal measure like the hydrino [inverse Rydberg] and would make more sense than 
Casimir effect just enabling one species in favor of another, more likely a 
segregation occurs due to the geometry where the isotropy normally not broken 
above the plank level can now be bundled into larger opposing regions big 
enough for atoms and molecules of gas to exploit. Instead of stretching across 
the lattice like you suggest they would be time dilated from our perspective 
while neither species ever occurs from their own local perspective and they 
simply see themselves as hydrogen.
Fran

From: Bob Higgins [mailto:rj.bob.higg...@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 20, 2012 9:56 AM
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: EXTERNAL: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil.  I like reading them.  Please continue 
posting them.  But, I am confused.  Could you can help me understand these 
questions:

Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron.  How would these Rydberg 
electrons survive high temperature phonon collisions without the atom becoming 
ionized and as a result breaking up the condensate?

With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how can such a phenomenon 
be considered inside a nickel lattice?  The electron orbitals would extend 
greater than the nickel lattice spacing.  Other condensates are possible, but 
why would you think these are Rydberg?  While we know that the LENR appears to 
happen at the surface, and it also appears to require support from within the 
lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some kind of condensate effect is needed 
within the lattice.

In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O- crystals that form are 
Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be some kind of condensate, 
but not necessarily Rydberg.

The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the 
Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate 
from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides 
support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you 
explain that a little more?

On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil 
mailto:janap...@gmail.com>> wrote:

Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

This post is third in the series on Rydberg matter which includes as follows:

Cold Fusion Magic Dust

Rydberg matter and cavitation

Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

[Bob Higgins]

Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil.  I like reading them.  Please
continue posting them.  But, I am confused.  Could you can help me
understand these questions:

Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron.  How would these
Rydberg electrons survive high temperature phonon collisions without the
atom becoming ionized and as a result breaking up the condensate?

With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how can such a
phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?  The electron orbitals
would extend greater than the nickel lattice spacing.  Other condensates
are possible, but why would you think these are Rydberg?  While we know
that the LENR appears to happen at the surface, and it also appears to
require support from within the lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some
kind of condensate effect is needed within the lattice.

In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O- crystals that form
are Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be some kind of
condensate, but not necessarily Rydberg.

The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the
Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate
from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides
support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you
explain that a little more?


*On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:*

 Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol
>>
>> This post is third in the series on Rydberg matter which includes as
>> follows:
>>
>> Cold Fusion Magic Dust
>>
>> Rydberg matter and cavitation
>>
>