Mark -- What Shannon referred to as 'entropy' was 'variety'. 'Information'
per se was achieved by way of a reduction or winnowing of this variety of
possibilities, leaving 'information' to survive.
STAN
On Wed, May 30, 2018 at 10:24 PM, Burgin, Mark
wrote:
> Dear Loet,
> Only one remark. There
Sung -- regarding:
The reason epigenetics (defined here as the process of inheritance without
imlplicating any changes in the nucleotide sequences of DNA) was not
mentioned in my previous post is because I was mainly interested in the
bottom-up (from micro to macro) mechanism of genetics, not the
AN
On Thu, Mar 22, 2018 at 11:41 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote:
>
> Dear Stan,
>
>
> On 20 Mar 2018, at 20:22, Stanley N Salthe wrote:
>
> Bruno -- In this context I like to point out the constraints on our
> abilities of perception. First, we are physical.
>
>
> That
Loet wrote:
At the level of observers, indeed, a hierarchy may be involved for the
change of focus (although this is empirical and not necessarily the case).
The communication, however, as a system different from the communicators
may contain mechanisms such as "translation" which make it possibl
Following upon Søren: Meaning is derived for a system by way of
Interpretation. The transmitted information has no meaning without
interpretation.
STAN
On Mon, Feb 26, 2018 at 6:26 AM, Søren Brier wrote:
> Dear Xueshan
>
>
>
> The solution to the paradox is to go to a metaparadigm that can e
Xueshan -- I think one can condense some of your insights hierarchically,
as:
In a system having language, information seemingly may be obtained in other
ways as well. It would be a conceptually broader category. Thus (using the
compositional hierarchy):
[information [language [signal]]]
Torday's work generally boils down to a concern for PREADAPTATION in
organic evolution. This is a material necessity. Preadaptation has been
ignored by the neoDarwinian evolutionary biologists, who have viewed their
task to concern the dynamics of natural selection (even in simple models).
So evo
Jesse, Arturo -- Science is necessarily culture-laden in being motivated
and supported by the interests of the culture affording it. The observer
cannot escape itself nor its position in the world of possibility. The
information sought by scientific means is already implicit in the
initiation of a
Pedro -- Regarding:
could we say that the life cycle itself establishes the eigenvectors of
communication? It is intriguing that maintenance, persistence,
self-propagation are the essential motives of communication for whatever
life entities (from bacteria to ourselves). With the complexity increa
10:20 AM (0 minutes ago)
to Mark
Mark - In a physical field where many masses are interacting by way of
vectors, agency appears only
if a particular individual mass is discerned by way of discourse. A fox
picks out one chicken for dinner,
the rest scatter anonymously.
STAN
___
consider thermostats or guidance systems
> - often described as teleonomic systems) but the agentive properties of
> such artifacts are then implicitly parasitic on imposed teleology provided
> by some extrinsic agency. This is of course implicit also in the concepts
> of 'signal'
Here is an interesting recent treatment of autonomy.
Alvaro Moreno and Matteo Mossio: Biological Autonomy: A Philosophical
and Theoretical Enquiry (History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life
Sciences 12);
Springer, Dordrecht, 2015, xxxiv + 221 pp., $129 hbk, ISBN 978-94-017-9836-5
STAN
On Thu
Bob -- Your classification of information-related concepts:
• Data are the pure and simple facts without any particular structure or
organization, the basic atoms of information,
• Information is structured data, which adds meaning to the data and gives
it context and significance,
• Knowledge i
Pedro wrote:
>Putting it differently, the hierarchies between scientific disciplines
were fashionable particularly in the reductionism times; but now
fortunately those decades (70s, 80s) are far away. Actually, the new views
taking shape are not far from the term "knowledge recombination" that
app
Here I indicate my understanding of Pedro's statements on information
STAN
10 PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SCIENCE
1. Information is information, neither matter nor energy.
S: I have information as a perceptible result of interaction,
which may be embodied in matter and/or energy
Infor
Dai --
{phenomenon 1}
{phenomenon 2} --> {Phenomena 1 & 2} ---> {phenomena 1.2,3}
{phenomenon 3}
The process from left to right is generalization.
‘Information’ IS a generalization.
generalities form the substance of philosophy. Info happens to a case
of generalization which can be m
For Aturo Tozzi -- Along the lines of your examples given here you may want
to add the unpredictable trajectories of energy dissipation pathways when,
as in most natural systems, there is more than a single pathway for energy
flows.
See, or example:
Annila, A & Salthe, SN, 2012 On intractable tr
Folks -- On a source of the complexity of the neural system I think it
worthwhile to dwell for a moment anyway on the phenomenon of the 'neural
crest' in the development of vertebrate embryos. Just take peak at the
beginning of Wiki's "Neural Crest".
STAN
On Wed, Nov 30, 2016 at 3:48 AM, Pedro C.
-- Forwarded message --
From: Suzan Mazur
Date: Sun, Aug 7, 2016 at 8:32 AM
Subject: Mazur/HuffPost: A Chat with Information Scientist Pedro Marijuán
To: szn...@aol.com
My interview with Pedro Marijuán, FYI. -- *Suzan*
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/suzan-mazur/a-chat-with-inform
Entropy
Regarding:
> So I see it that you confirm to Shannon´s interpretation of entropy as
actually being information <
Well, in essence we may agree, but I would call this an unfortunate choice
of words. “Information," I think, has come to mean so many things to so
many people that it is *nearly
Regarding your last posting, I agree, and would formulate the following
subsumption hierarchy:
(thermodynamic energy flows {Shannon information theory {Peircean
semiotics}}}
STAN
On Thu, Jun 9, 2016 at 10:31 AM, Mark Johnson wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> Is this a question about counting? I'm thinkin
Plamen, Pedro --
It seems to me that perhaps Medicine should not look to mathematics for
support or underpinning so much as to SEMIOTICS (that is, Peircean
semiotics, being worked today as biosemiotics). Biosemiotics is, in the
verbal conceptual realm, almost as complex and messy as medicine, and
udes the possibility of a ground of existence
> which includes incoherence and contradiction.
>
> All for now, for various reasons,
>
> Best wishes,
>
> Joseph
>
>
> - Original Message - From: "Robert E. Ulanowicz"
> To: "Stanley N Salthe"
Pedro -- In short, how might phenomenology relate to science? There is one
approach - to physiology - that was taken by the British physiologist, John
B. Haldane. He did ALL his experiments upon himself.
STAN
On Fri, May 6, 2016 at 6:12 AM, Pedro C. Marijuan wrote:
> Dear FIS Colleagues,
>
>
Lou, Alex -- Here is another use of set theoretical brackets (the
subsumption hierarchy in evolution): { ? -> {physical world -> {material
world -> {biological world -> {social world }
STAN
On Sat, Apr 30, 2016 at 2:14 AM, Louis H Kauffman wrote:
> On Pedro’s recommendation, I am forwardi
RE: The organization of bodies of knowledge in the sciences takes place at
another level than the integration of cognition in the body of an
individual. One cannot reduce the one level to the other, in my opinion.
Which research program of these two has priority? How do they relate ?
potentiall
All -- There is the World, and there is Nature, our model of the world.
Nature is based in (usually one kind of) logic, even though there is scant
evidence that the world operates only or mostly logically. The evidence
that there is is found in successful applications of engineering and
technology
Plamen wrote:
I begin to believe that the transition from abiotic to biotic structures,
incl. Maturana-Varela.-Uribe’s autopoiesis may, really have some underlying
matrix/”skeleton”/”programme” which has nothing in common with the nature
of DNA, and that DNA and RNA as we know them today may have
Pedro -- You are right to look dubiously at the achievement of neoDarwinism
as the sole theory of biology. What is missing (and it was realized
already in the 1950’s with Schmalgausen and Waddington) is development. All
dissipative structures develop -- immaturity followed by a short maturity
foll
-- Forwarded message --
From: Stanley N Salthe
Date: Wed, Feb 24, 2016 at 9:55 AM
Subject: Re: [Fis] Response to Salthe
To: Maxine Sheets-Johnstone
Here I respond to Maxine:
M: Theories are based on first-person observations. Observations are
first-person real-life, real-time
Marcus -- You have an interesting point regarding plants and
phenomenology. Their behavior occurs over a time scale where we
phenomenologists see nothing happening. This slow time scale was
illuminated by non-phenomenological science studies, while also inquiring
into faster-than-phenomenological
Commenting upon Maxine's presentation:
S: I think Maxine should make clear distinction between phenomena viewed
from an evolutionary perspective (e.g. comparing your hand with a chicken’s
foot, which even a child can puzzle over) and evolutionary *theory*. It is
the former she wishes to address.
Bruno, Joseph -- The unity of the sciences comes from the fact that one
understands sociality by way of biology, and one understands biology by way
of chemistry, and then one understands chemistry by way of physics. Thus,
the subsumptive hierarchy:
{physics {chemistry {biology {sociality
Comt
As an erstwhile natural scientist (biology) and as a now soi-disant natural
philosopher, I agree with Joseph here:
>this seems to be turning out to be as much a psychological question as a
physical one.
Such 'objects' as quarks are created by humans within elaborate machines.
They are artifacts o
Pedro -- One way to see this is to view the play of boundary conditions to
be the source of all meaningful communication. Marionettes hanging from the
laws do nothing but jiggle back and forth expressing possibilities -- until
they encounter a 'situation', when they then do their best to adjust to
Pedro -- Regarding:
P: But a previous question may be in order: is "force" the most cogent term
to rationalize the upheavals of human history? Is "force" an interesting
element at all for advancing the informational worldview?
S: There is Being and there is Change. Material Being changes but not
Nikhil -- Leaving aside details of hierarchical structure, I point out,
concerning economics:
It seems that you have in mind a global economic system in your planning.
Is that so? I think that the current global capitalist system would need to
be eschewed.
Then, this also would seem to involve a
Loet -- A metabiolgy does not imply that there would not be
more-than-biological properties and processes going on. We would not
bother to identify a higher level unless it had some of its own emergent
properties.
STAN
On Fri, Dec 11, 2015 at 5:35 AM, Loet Leydesdorff
wrote:
> Dear colleagues,
Nikhil --
In your search for a multilevel model of complex systems you claim to find
a “common multilevel organizational pattern” (CMOP) in different levels. In
this connection you claim that mycorrhiza networks, gut bacteria, and
investment networks are functional equivalents at three different l
Marcus wrote:
– I find myself thinking Five Momenta must represent five types of
localities. I ask if that “smells right” to you. If so, I would think that
“localizing hierarchies” would also be needed. For example, I see: 1)
passive descriptions of Nature (aka natural philosophy, general science)
Pedro wrote:
I see but five different and interrelated "momenta" that should be aligned
for the hypothetical advancement of the common info field. The first one
corresponds to philosophy, as the critical playground where dissatisfaction
with the existing views should conduce to attempting more co
Pedro wrote:
Unfortunately, the neglect of the life cycle is almost universal. Neither
neuroscientists nor psychologists nor social scientists are sufficiently
aware of this invisible "water" that permeates all living stuff. Echoing
some old evolutionary statement, everything should made sense in
Loet wrote:
I suggest to distinguish between three levels (following Weaver): A.
(Shannon-type) information processing ; B. meaning sharing using languages;
C. translations among coded communications.
So, here we have a subsumptive hierarchy"
{reduction of possibilities {interpretation {general
Reacting to my:
S: Well, I have generalized the Shannon concept of information carrying
capacity under 'variety'... {variety {information carrying capacity}}.
This allows the concept to operate quite generally in evolutionary and
ecological discourses. Information, then, if you like, is what is
Pedro wrote"
>Most attempts to enlarge informational thought and to extend it to life,
economies, societies, etc. continue to be but a reformulation of the former
ideas with little added value.
S: Well, I have generalized the Shannon concept of information carrying
capacity under 'variety'... {v
Terry, list --
Terry wrote:
We should not expect such a quip to be a sufficient explanation of
information in all its complexity. It is merely a useful mnemonic (coined
also by MacKay as a "distinction that makes a difference") that captures
both Shannon's logic and Bateson's cybernetic implicati
<http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/>,
> Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC,
> <http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html>Beijing;
>
> Visiting Professor, Birkbeck <http://www.bbk.ac.uk/>, University of
> London;
>
> http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNY
e truth. We have to
> trust to Author but not to experiments.
> Information has to be included not in the beginning of the hierarchy – at
> least in the middle where living mater appear.
> Sorry that my post was apprehended as careless!
> Friendly regards
> Krassimir
>
>
>
>
Pedro -- Your list:
physical, biological, social, and Informational
is implicitly a hierarchy -- in fact, a subsumptive hierarchy, with the
physical subsuming the biological and the biological subsuming the social.
But where should information appear? Following Wheeler, we should have:
{inform
Bob-- As one who has strayed from the Darwinian discipline of evolutionary
biology (my erstwhile field), I can say that I have 'paid the price'. But I
have had a wonderful time exploring wherever my thinking has gone. I think
the discipline has in a sense guided me anyway, as turning away from it
Stanley N Salthe wrote:
Pedro -- Here are my reactions :
>
> Intelligence Science is a new science. It is the scientific spirit applied
> to thought and mental processes and phenomena; it is an emergent
> multidisciplinary direction of research. At the same time, it represents a
>
-- Forwarded message --
From: Pedro C. Marijuan
Date: Mon, Jan 19, 2015 at 11:02 AM
Subject: Re: [Fis] Beginnings and ends---Steps to a theory of reference &
significance
To: Stanley N Salthe
Good comment! But not only to me, it has general interest, you should put
it into
Jeremy -- It is no longer so easy to declare that the physicochemical realm
has no end-rirectednes. There is a burgeoning viewpoint -- the maximizing
entropy production principle (MEPP) -- that proposes an end for all actions
and activities whatever.
In my version, it is the constitutively poor e
Terry -- Replying
T: Stan: Abiotic dissipative structures will degrade their gradients as
fast as possible given the bearing constraints. They are unconditional
maximizers. Life that has survived has been able to apply conditions upon
its entropy production, but that does not mean that it has ena
TD: Autogenesis is also not a Maximum Entropy Production process because it
halts dissipation before its essential self-preserving constraints are
degraded and therefore does not exhaust the gradient(s) on which its
persistence depends.
S: Abiotic dissipative structures will degrade their gradien
Pedro wrote:
PM: Regarding the theme of physical information raised by Igor and Joseph,
the main problematic aspect of information (meaning) is missing there. One
can imagine that as two physical systems interact, each one may be
metaphorically attributed with meaning respect the changes experimen
Bob -- I think the viewpoint on information being expressed by Gerhard is
that which sees information to be embodied in configuration/conformation.
If a configured entity is in the world it necessarily will encounter other
configurations/conformations which will result in an 'interpretation' by
bot
John wrote:
Catching up after a myriad of distracting problems.
At 03:51 PM 2014-08-25, Stanley N Salthe wrote:
Bob wrote:
Recall that some thermodynamic variables, especially work functions like
Helmholz & Gibbs free energies and exergy all are tightly related to
information measures
Bob wrote:
Recall that some thermodynamic variables, especially work functions like
Helmholz & Gibbs free energies and exergy all are tightly related to
information measures. In statistical mechanical analogs, for example, the
exergy becomes RT times the mutual information among the molecules
S:
rm, realizing one or some
constraints, but the concept of information (its history) tends to imply
interaction.
STAN
On Sun, Aug 3, 2014 at 11:13 PM, Robert E. Ulanowicz wrote:
> > Stanley N Salthe
> > 9:32 AM (0 minutes ago)
> > to Joseph
> > Joseph -- Commenting on:
>
Stanley N Salthe
9:32 AM (0 minutes ago)
to Joseph
Joseph -- Commenting on:
We may agree that, if they are not identical, energy and information
always accompany one another and may have emerged together from some as yet
incompletely defined substrate. However, they may not be, do not have to
With hierarchy theory serving as a dressmaker's dummy, these statements:
>From Guy:
"*I think of collective intelligence as synonymous with collective
information processing*. I would not test for its existence by asking if
group-level action is smart or adaptive, nor do I think it is relevant to
Replying to Loet and Joseph:
Loet: I am not sure that you mean this with "actuality". (which seems an
Aristotelian notion to me).
S: I have been using 'Actuality' (and 'Reality') as proposed by:
Roth G, Schwegler H (1990) Self-organization, emergent properties and the
study of the world. In
Joseph, Loet --
I like to distinguish The (supposed ontological) World, which I refer to as
'actuality', from 'reality', our logical/scientific model of actuality.
As I see it, Loet would be concerned with a version of reality, but ignores
the possibility of actuality, while Joseph ignores the di
In my last posting for the week, I Reply to Hans --
QBism does not change any of the impressive successes of quantum mechanics.
It simply says that quantum mechanics is a very complex, abstract encoding
of the experiences of generations of scientists interacting with atomic
systems.
S: These g
Here I advance a viewpoint for Hans. There has been an ongoing critique of
the very scientific viewpoint that you eschew -- namely the notion that
there is an objective world out there that we might discover. This attack
on science as it has been is known as social constructivism, and it is
sorel
on.
>
> Best,
>
> Joseph
>
> ----- Original Message -
> *From:* Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic
> *To:* Loet Leydesdorff ; 'Stanley N
> Salthe';
> 'fis'
> *Cc:* Инга
> *Sent:* Saturday, November 02, 2013 9:51 AM
> *Subject:* Re: [Fis] reply
As my last posting for the week ...
Loet, Gordana --
Loet Leydesdorff
3:21 AM (6 hours ago)
to *Инга*, me, fis
S: (Nothing can go against the 'entropy law'.) A nice example for you
might be communication over distances by flashing lights using the Morse
code. The actual local operations h
Loet -- You wrote:
This is the case for natural systems and engineered systems (Herbert
Simon). However, above the individual the hierarchy is inverted because
collectively the communication is faster than the individual can
reflexively follow.
S: In general, while smaller scale systems can accel
Commenting upon Loet's statement:
>No need for reductionism or hierarchy!
S: Hierarchy does not (therefore should not) imply reduction. Levels in a
compositional hierarchy operate dynamically independently, as you say:
>The dynamics operate in parallel
with windows on each other. One ca
Kark, all -- I have question about this numbers <--> words concept. For
users of a given language much an be communicated by connotation as well as
denotation. It seems to me that the matching of numbers to words would not
encompass this -- would it? As well, what about synonyms with slightly
di
Joseph, Rainer -- On the subject of levels (here I think we are dealing
with a compositional hierarchy), I found Rainer's quick description to be
correct as far as it goes. Then Joseph said..
-snip-
>First, the reference to levels is important, but in my opinion more attention
needs to be paid to
Krassimir -- you said:
Social organization is a separate level of living matter hierarchy with
specific “emerged” [Ashby] features.
There is no direct “smooth” transition from one level of living matter to
another.
What is common for all levels of living matter organization are the
“information
Professor Zadeh's meaning of 'efficiency increase' is cost-cutting. It is
interesting to note that in one area this would be impossible -- the
construction of infrastructure like bridges, tunnels, etc. This is one
area where efficiency increases would largely be impossible, and so that
function n
Bob -- Your outline here compares closely with a recent one by Howard
Pattee. I think maybe we can call this the 'standard view ' from science.
I am not satisfied with this view, largely on evolutionary (and
materialist) grounds. Where did information come from?
Well, I think it must have origi
Søren -- Your "science without philosophy" is what we have mostly been
having since the industrial revolution. In this period sciences has mostly
been the handmaid of engineering and technology, following Francis Bacon's
recommendation. Now that our culture has captured and partly destroyed
much
-- Forwarded message --
From: Malcolm Dean
Date: Sun, Feb 3, 2013 at 11:14 PM
Subject: Fwd: It's (Almost) Alive! Scientists Create a Near-Living Crystal
| Wired Science | Wired.com
To: "Stanley N. Salthe"
-- Forwarded message --
From: "Malcol
list them below.
>
>
>
> *From:* fis-boun...@listas.unizar.es [mailto:fis-boun...@listas.unizar.es]
> *On Behalf Of *Stanley N Salthe
> *Sent:* 29 December 2012 04:52 PM
> *To:* fis
> *Subject:* [Fis] dark matter
>
>
>
> Gordana has said:
>
>
>
>
> Infor
Gordana has said:
Information and Energy/Matter
What can we hope for from studies of information related to energy/matter
(as it appears for us in space/time)? Information is a concept known for
its ambiguity in both common, everyday use and in its specific technical
applications throughout di
Bruno said --
> but this does not mean that Mechanism is
a good *explanation* of anything. On the contrary, I prefer to look at
it as a tool, perhaps a simplifying tool, to *formulate* the problems
(notably the mind-body problem), to explain it is not yet solved, even
in that simplifying frame, etc
Pedro -- The Aristotelian causal categories are conceptual tools, providing
language for distinguishing aspects of a scene. Without them we are liable
to miss certain aspects of nature. For example, Francis Bacon eliminated
final cause from science discourse, explicitly stating that finality can
o
Pedro -- it is of interest to me that
On Sun, Oct 21, 2012 at 3:38 PM, PEDRO CLEMENTE MARIJUAN FERNANDEZ <
pcmarijuan.i...@aragon.es> wrote:
> Dear FISers,
>
> Continuing with the comments on the "how" versus the "what", it is an
> important topic in mammalian (&vertebrate) nervous systems. They
On that "curious definition of knowledge", it looks like 'knowing how'
rather than 'knowing that'.
STAN
On Mon, Oct 15, 2012 at 11:56 AM, Pedro C. Marijuan <
pcmarijuan.i...@aragon.es> wrote:
> Dear FIS Colleagues,
>
> Thanks to Zhao Chuan for the Computer Poem/Song. It is a soft way to
> retake
Not only among fis. I can tell you that it is very well written. As far as
I have read (1/3), it goes over what (I suppose) we all (me anyhow) know
already, but with a spin of great rhetoric. Perhaps it acts as a focus.
STAN
On Fri, Apr 27, 2012 at 4:39 PM, Hector Zenil wrote:
> Could someone
f the informational
> and semiotic paradigms of cognition and communication"
> http://www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy/special_issues/cybersemiotics-paradigms/
>
> From: Bob Logan [lo...@physics.utoronto.ca]
> Sent: Saturday, April 07, 2012 2
rsburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam.
> Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-842239111
> l...@leydesdorff.net ; http://www.leydesdorff.net/ ;
> http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYJ&hl=en
>
> ** **
>
> *From:* fis-boun...@listas.unizar.es [mailto:fis-
Bruno -- As an idealist, I think you have it all backward! I would argue
that cardinal numbers are the most 'crisp' entities that we know, and this
disqualifies them or being primeval. That is, I think it makes sense to
see all developments as beginning relatively vaguely and then becoming more
d
Concerning the meaning (or effect) of information (or constraint) in
general, I have proposed that context is crucial in modulating the effect
-- in all cases. Thus: it would be like the logical example:
Effect = context a x Constraint ^context b
STAN
On Fri, Mar 16, 2012 at 2:18 PM, Ch
Bob -- Agreed. The way I see it is that there are two orientations in
science, and these depend upon personality. One is the strategy of
confirmation (of a favored theory), the other is the strategy of testing
(of other's theories). The gist of confirmation is to conjure, and then
firm up, a conc
And it could feature in 'Science for Non-Majors' courses as well.
STAN
On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 12:44 PM, Guy A Hoelzer wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> I agree with those who are suggesting that Information Science makes sense
> as a widely useful way to think about different scientific disciplines
> even i
Regarding:
>Information Science is a perfect tool for integration of curriculum,
especially in the context of Liberal Arts education. >Which other concept,
if not information, can be applied in all possible contexts of education?
I would point out that there have been two previous disciplines tha
>
Does the above comment give some hint of what would be required, or
accomplished by this math?
STAN
>
> Cheers,
>
> Joseph
>
>
> - Original Message -
> *From:* Stanley N Salthe
> *To:* joe.bren...@bluewin.ch ; fis@listas.unizar.es
> *Sent:* Tuesday,
Joseph --
On Tue, Oct 18, 2011 at 11:14 AM, Joseph Brenner wrote:
> **
> Dear Gavin, Loet and Colleagues,
>
> Gavin raises a fair question as to the reasons for my objection to the use
> of category theory
> with respect to information. My answer is that it suffers from the same
> limitations as
Michel -- Regarding:
Now, I ask you the following: please can you provide an extremely
simple example (the most simple you could imagine) of situation in
which you can say: << in this situation, information is ... >>.
Chemical information is welcome, but an example from physics would be
great, too
Michel -- Organic chemistry was known to be the most difficult course in
Columbia University. But I got interested in it, worked very hard
constantly, and I achieved an 'A'. But what you say here indicates several
orders of magnitude more difficulty than what I played with in university.
For me
I am having problems communicating with lists, So I am trying to see if this
gets through.
STAN
___
fis mailing list
fis@listas.unizar.es
https://webmail.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis
Replying to Raphael, Joseph, and Loet -
**
*Rafael Capurro* to Robert, fis
show details 10:13 AM (4 hours ago)
well... not exactly. This is the way Hegel (and others) looked at it,
discarding the 'singulars' or including them into the particulars and so
creating a dialectics of the universal
(1) Replying Quiao --
On Mon, Apr 25, 2011 at 7:15 AM, Pedro C. Marijuan <
pcmarijuan.i...@aragon.es> wrote:
Message from Qiao Tian-qing
--
Dear FISers
There is another general theory of information (GTIA).
I consider,
The customari
Igor said --
IG: I suggested this definition (Gurevich, 1989). “Information is
heterogeneity, stable for some definite time”. Regardless of the nature of
heterogeneity, would be it letters, words, phrases or - elementary
particles, atoms, molecules, or - people, groups, societies, etc.
Gurevi
s my last or the week:
Replying to Gavin -- I think you make the 'error of misplaced concreteness'.
Information theory -- and all theories and laws are modeling tools, not
actual phenomena. So, it is also true that when an apple falls it is not
being pulled by gravitation Gravitation is our way
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