RE: [biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming
Maybe we could use all that carbon for printing and writing. We could fill our toner cartridges with it, or make pencils from it! This revolutionary invention will not only save the environment, but it could possibly usher in a new golden age of literacy for the peoples of the world! -BRAH -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 2:15 PM To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming Hi all I'd like to have a few hundred lbs of carbon black to go dust the two feet of snow in my driveway with on sunny mornings. Fred On Thursday, Feb 12, 2004, at 14:51 US/Eastern, bob allen wrote: 2. What would be done with the Carbon? I don't think there's enough of a market for the few products mention for Carbon Black to warrant being so cavalier about the matter. If you're talking about separating enough Carbon from Oxygen to make a difference to Global Warming, I think you should have better thinking in place as to what to do with the Carbon. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
x-charset ISO-8859-1 hi i am vidhyaI from India.I have completed M.Sc in Environmental sciences In PSG college India, and completed my M.E environmental engineering in Griffith university Australia and MBA in Alagappa University India. now from KCT coimbatore working on biodiesel from jatropha also i have tested different oils but found jatropha is efficient.on what aspect you r working regards vidhya --- rajesh sk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: - i AM FROM iit DELHI PRESENTLY WORKING ON PROJECT ON Biodiesel PRODUCTION FROM jATROPHA. Jatropha is a treee born oil seed. The tree grows 4 to 5 meter and it grows in developing countries like india, Zambia, and other countries. Jatrpha plant also has madicinal value. If u need further details u can contact me [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sumit [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, Are there any members out there who know much about Jatropha and it's processing requirements. Thanks, Sumit Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. Go to http://in.specials.yahoo.com/index1.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] Foolproof method
x-charset ISO-8859-1Try a warehouse for commercial/municipal pool/water treatment. You should be able to get either for less than $20 a gallon, more like $12 for sulfuric and $18 for phosphoric. If all else fails, contact Aqua Science in Columbus, Ohio, 614-252-5000 and ask if they know of any industrial supply house(s) in the Philadelphia-Baltimore area. There have to be several. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Scott Alexander [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 5:44 PM Subject: [biofuel] Foolproof method I wanted to try Alek's foolproof method, but the couple of sites that I've found via the Internet for sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid make them seem quite expensive. Presumably that means that I'm looking in the wrong place. Where should I go to get these at reasonable prices? Thanks, Scott Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
[biofuel] Re: source of chemicals
Maryland Chemical Company, Inc. 1551 Russell St. Baltimore, MD 21230-2090 Toll Free: 800-292-1967 Voice: 410-752-1800 Fax: 410-752-0001. ... www.marylandchemical.com/html/finder.html - 11k - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from www.marylandchemical.com ] [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
Dear Rajesh, We are working on Biodiesel from Pungam seeds oil, We are located in Chennai India. We are yet to standardise the process. Please let me know how efficient is Jatropha, in terms of raw oil price and the cost of inputs. Howmuch final product we get from Jatropha. Please note we can supply you the Reaction vessel and the associated system, if you are planning for one. Regards Girish - Original Message - From: rajesh sk To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 10:41 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha i AM FROM iit DELHI PRESENTLY WORKING ON PROJECT ON Biodiesel PRODUCTION FROM jATROPHA. Jatropha is a treee born oil seed. The tree grows 4 to 5 meter and it grows in developing countries like india, Zambia, and other countries. Jatrpha plant also has madicinal value. If u need further details u can contact me [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sumit [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, Are there any members out there who know much about Jatropha and it's processing requirements. Thanks, Sumit Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT -- Yahoo! Groups Links a.. To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
Hi, I am from Chennai. Do you have any test results on Pungam oil. i will be grateful if you can send me, your test comparison on Pungam and jetropha based biodiesel production. Regards Girish - Original Message - From: pinky 22in To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, February 13, 2004 9:12 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha hi i am vidhyaI from India.I have completed M.Sc in Environmental sciences In PSG college India, and completed my M.E environmental engineering in Griffith university Australia and MBA in Alagappa University India. now from KCT coimbatore working on biodiesel from jatropha also i have tested different oils but found jatropha is efficient.on what aspect you r working regards vidhya --- rajesh sk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: - i AM FROM iit DELHI PRESENTLY WORKING ON PROJECT ON Biodiesel PRODUCTION FROM jATROPHA. Jatropha is a treee born oil seed. The tree grows 4 to 5 meter and it grows in developing countries like india, Zambia, and other countries. Jatrpha plant also has madicinal value. If u need further details u can contact me [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sumit [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, Are there any members out there who know much about Jatropha and it's processing requirements. Thanks, Sumit Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. Go to http://in.specials.yahoo.com/index1.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Yahoo! Groups Links a.. To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ b.. To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] c.. Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
See: http://www.jatropha.de Very good site run by German researcher Reinhard Henning Edward Beggs http://www.biofuels.ca - On Thursday, February 12, 2004, at 07:42 PM, pinky 22in wrote: hi i am vidhyaI from India.I have completed M.Sc in Environmental sciences In PSG college India, and completed my M.E environmental engineering in Griffith university Australia and MBA in Alagappa University India. now from KCT coimbatore working on biodiesel from jatropha also i have tested different oils but found jatropha is efficient.on what aspect you r working regards vidhya --- rajesh sk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: - i AM FROM iit DELHI PRESENTLY WORKING ON PROJECT ON Biodiesel PRODUCTION FROM jATROPHA. Jatropha is a treee born oil seed. The tree grows 4 to 5 meter and it grows in developing countries like india, Zambia, and other countries. Jatrpha plant also has madicinal value. If u need further details u can contact me [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sumit [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, Are there any members out there who know much about Jatropha and it's processing requirements. Thanks, Sumit Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. ___ _ Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. Go to http://in.specials.yahoo.com/index1.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: OT: Opinions On Faucet Water Filtration Systems?
Makes me wonder if an un-discussed benefit of a hydrogen economy (other detriments and benefits aside) might be an increased availability of purified water. I don't know if H2O coming out of a typical H2 fuel cell is necessarily clean, but maybe it is? I have used Brita in the past, and am using a similar Waterpik now. Both are of the type you warn against. I noticet that both seem to waste a fair amount. When you first put the filter in, you have to run it for a gallon or so to get it going. With the Waterpik, over the 200 gallon life of the filter, it seems you're supposed to run it a little each time until the green light comes on and then the water is ready for you to take. So, what you run before the green is waste I guess. And all the energy and effort it took to get that waste water to your house and purify it somewhat... I'll keep an eye out for a better system. On Sun, 08 Feb 2004 22:55:04 -, you wrote: charcoal filters without silver (and cheap ones are) often become bacterial cultures, they pollute water. I use a reverse osmosis with 3 prefilters. Works well but not cheap. Worth it though. I think the EPA now says over half the municipal water is substandard. Kirk -- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Has anyone out there developed any opinions on these things? An example of some web research might be here: http://www.waterfiltercomparisons.com/water_filter_comparison_matrix.c fm I find that the human behaviour element enters into it for me: I like having a faucet-mounted filter for some reason, even if I sacrifice a little quality. I note that Clorox owns Brita. http://www.clorox.com/company/news/pr110200.html This has been on my mind for awhile. When Brita filters showed up in stores, I thought what a great product. When I researched it I found that Clorox owned it, and this made sense to me, in the same sense that Phillip Morris owned Kraft Cheese (at one time) or RJR owned Nabsico (cookies and such) the company with damaging-to-humans product diversifying into something super-wholesome-seeming. I can't recall who owns Pur the other one you commonly see on major store shelves. Let's see It seems to be a Swiss company that purchased them in 2001 ... http://www.katadyn.ch/site/ch_en/about_us/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Ethanol distillation
x-charset ISO-8859-1My question is about registering with the Federal gov't for legal distillation for fuel alcohol. If the individual goes through all the proper paper procedures and obtains the distillation permit, what can one expect from the gov't after this? Are you only allowed to produce x amount of ethanol per year for personal use? Will the individual be expected to pay highway taxes on their own alcohol produced? Does the gov't perform routine inspections on a person's personal still? Also, what would make a good denaturant? Final question to members-how does straight ethanol perform in fuel injected gasoline engines? Thanks. Jonathan. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] Breakthrough Purports Answer to Global Warming
No you don't You will have a black house,barn,car dog and cat . it will be in every little crack in your skin as well. it is a great cheap pigment but it is attracted to every thing else as well Ken [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Jatropha
namaskar, we want to cultivate the jatropha plant . can anybody tell us that direct planting from seeds would be better or through nursery operation in terms of oil contains. thanks suman Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Hydrogen Reactor
Personally I am not a big believer in a hydrogen economy but this did get the interest of our local paper. fred http://startribune.com/stories/1592/4374132.html Associated Press University reactor shows promise for `hydrogen economy' Researchers at the University of Minnesota say they have built a prototype reactor that produces hydrogen from ethanol so efficiently that it could one day power conventional fuel cells for homes. The technology is cheaper and more efficient than the current commercial method of capturing hydrogen from fuel, which is done with fossil fuels in large refineries, the scientists said. They said the reactor they built is much smaller and simpler and requires less energy. Their technology could be coupled with a fuel cell to generate nearly enough energy to power an average-sized home, according to the scientists, who will publish their findings in the Feb. 13 issue of the magazine Science. ``This points to a way to make renewable hydrogen that may be economical and available,'' said Lanny Schmidt, a chemical engineer who led the study. Gregg Deluga and graduate student James Salge also worked on the project. All three are in the department of chemical engineering and materials science. The men built the reactor, a 2-foot-high apparatus of tubes, valves and wires, in a laboratory on the university's East Bank. The hydrogen-driven fuel cell they envision might be a little larger than a coffee cup. Right now, hydrogen can be made cheaply only in large refineries that use fuels such as natural gas. The new technology holds promise for a ``hydrogen economy'' that would use hydrogen to fuel cars and make electricity. It also holds economic potential for Midwest farmers, who are leaders in the production of corn-based ethanol. A bushel of corn, the researchers said, yields three times as much power if its energy is channeled into hydrogen fuel cells rather than burned with gasoline. Hydrogen, a clean energy source, emits no pollution or greenhouse gases. President Bush supports funding for the development of hydrogen-powered fuel cells that are commercially viable. George Sverdrup, a technology manager at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, said he was encouraged by the research. ``When hydrogen takes a foothold and penetrates the marketplace, it will probably come from a variety of sources and be produced by a variety of techniques,'' he said. ``So this particular advance and technology that Minnesota is reporting on would be one component in a big system.'' While ethanol could be an important part of a hydrogen economy, Sverdrup said it's unlikely corn itself would be enough to support the entire system. The University of Minnesota researchers initially envision people buying ethanol to power the small fuel cell in homes in remote areas where installing power lines isn't feasible. The cell could produce 1 kilowatt of power, nearly enough for an average home. According to their estimate, a gallon of ethanol costing $1 could be used to produce energy for about 4 cents per kilowatt hour. That would be in the ballpark with national figures for the cost of raw energy, said a spokesman for the Edison Electric Institute, a national energy association. Frederick E. Finch Delivery System Manager MINITEX Delivery Services [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] (612) 624-3374 Direct 15 Andersen Library(612) 624-4002 Office 222 21st Avenue South (800) 462-5348 WATS Minneapolis MN 55455(612) 624-4508 FAX Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
x-charset ISO-8859-1Jatropha, Based on the information I've seen the seed oil yeild is 0.21. under normal cultivation there is a yeild of around 2,000 litres of oil per hectare. Cetane on the oil is 64-67 making it more efficient than #2 Diesel. Although the trees bear fruit in 6 months, does anyone know what the hectare yeild on the fruit at 6 months growth. Life expectancy is also low at 15 years, does anyone know when the tree reaches maturity and how long it will bear fruit? I also understand that the oil cakes cannot be used in animal feed, is this due to toxicity levels? Does anyone know? There would be around 8 tonnes of oil cake per hectare. Is there any other use of the oil cake other than as fertilizer? What is the nitrogen content? Neem oil can also be used as biodiesel but is normally used as a pesticide. Does anyone know how long it takes before a neem tree bears fruit? Does anyone know what the yeild will be per hectare at this stage? Oil cakes can be used in feed after going through a solvent extraction process, does anyone know what the process is. I noticed that some of you have done research on the biodiesel oils are there any suggestions on two crops one for short term economically viable yeilds and another on the long term. My understanding is that Palm trees can produce 5,000 litres per hectare of oil but I don't know what the growth period is before palm trees start to bear fruit. We intend to start up a site in Jarkhand which will be run by rural Santhal people and want to look at ways to allow them to produce fuel oil cash crops within a one year period plus have additional higher yeild crops that will produce economically viable fuel oils within 2-3 years. Any recommendations? I'm also concerned about the oil cakes that will be produced and would appreciate advice on what plants to avoid when dealing with the disposal of the cakes. Are there any persons who would like to consult on this topic with regards to plantation, extraction, yeild and processing rates. Installation of extraction and processing equipment and training? Best regards, Sumit --- rajesh sk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: - i AM FROM iit DELHI PRESENTLY WORKING ON PROJECT ON Biodiesel PRODUCTION FROM jATROPHA. Jatropha is a treee born oil seed. The tree grows 4 to 5 meter and it grows in developing countries like india, Zambia, and other countries. Jatrpha plant also has madicinal value. If u need further details u can contact me [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sumit [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, Are there any members out there who know much about Jatropha and it's processing requirements. Thanks, Sumit Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT - Yahoo! Groups Links To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Yahoo! India Education Special: Study in the UK now. Go to http://in.specials.yahoo.com/index1.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] Ethanol distillation
If I remember right, inspections of the property that the permit is for, anytime the BATF, wants to look around. Greg H. - Original Message - From: j_schearer To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, February 13, 2004 05:00 Subject: [biofuel] Ethanol distillation If the individual goes through all the proper paper procedures and obtains the distillation permit, what can one expect from the gov't after this? [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Scientists create fuel source
HB, (owner of powertothepeopleyahoogroup.com) I'm trying to keep up with global warming subjects but not the many technology related posts. However, since I'm from Minnesota, I decided to forward this post to your powertothepeople group from the Global Warming group. I did a Cc to the biofuel and energyresources group too, thinking that some people may be interested in the message on th subject that says ... 'Minnesota scientists said they have developed the first reactor capable of producing hydrogen from a renewable fuel source ethanol using a device built around an ordinary engine's fuel injector.' http://groups.yahoo.com/group/globalwarming/message/5312 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/powertothepeople/ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/energyresources/ All people with interest and concern about climate are invited to join my PC public discussion group. I think it is very important that the public learn much more about these issues, ASAP! [PC] at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Paleontology_and_Climate/ Pat Neuman Minnesota -- Forwarded Message -- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/globalwarming/message/5312 From: http://www.dailycamera.com/bdc/science/article/0,1713,BDC_2432_265204 8,00.html Scientists create fuel source Reactor uses ethanol to produce hyrdrogen By Lee Bowman, Scripps Howard News Service February 13, 2004 Minnesota scientists said they have developed the first reactor capable of producing hydrogen from a renewable fuel source ethanol using a device built around an ordinary engine's fuel injector. For hydrogen to really become economical, we need a safe, portable liquid fuel, said Larry Schmidt, a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. Ethanol is one of the best available. His team reports today in the journal Science that a self-heating catalyst produces hydrogen from ethanol, water and air at about 60 percent efficiency generating electricity at about 4 cents a kilowatt hour. Although hydrogen is by far the most common known element in the universe, no free hydrogen exists it's all locked up with other elements. The major stumbling block to shifting to a hydrogen-fueled economy has been that it costs four times more than the next-least- expensive fuel, and has to be extracted from fossil fuels natural gas or coal. Hydrogen is produced exclusively by a process called steam reforming, which requires very high temperatures and large furnaces, consuming a lot of energy and suitable only for large refineries, Schmidt said. Hydrogen is hard to come by, he explained. You can't pipe it long distances. There are a few hydrogen-fueling stations, but they strip hydrogen from methane natural gas on site. And it increases carbon dioxide emissions, so it is only a short-term solution until renewable hydrogen is available. Ethanol, produced from corn, is already used in car engines. But as a hydrogen source for a fuel cell, the process would be three times more efficient, Schmidt said. The difference, says researcher Gregg Deluga, first author of the paper, is that all the water needs to be removed from ethanol before it goes in a gas tank, while the new process actually strips hydrogen from both ethanol and water, producing more hydrogen than ethanol would alone. The invention uses a catalyst made from the metals rhodium and ceria that heats up to a temperature of nearly 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit and converts the ethanol, water and oxygen vaporized by the fuel injector into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The whole reaction takes only 50 milliseconds, and is much cleaner than ethanol combustion in an engine. However, the carbon dioxide in the mix means the hydrogen won't work in the type of high-powered fuel cells now being used to power cars, although cells might eventually be adapted. --- The best thing to hit the Internet in years - Juno SpeedBand! Surf the Web up to FIVE TIMES FASTER! Only $14.95/ month - visit www.juno.com to sign up today! Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Global Warming
Hi all Look at this article: Water, Energy and Global Warming D'Aleo, M. and Edelglass, E. http://www.netfuture.org/ni/misc/pub/daleo/warm/warm.html#daleo Put a (or more) tree in your life. Pedro Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] My second batch - questions
Hello Scott I made a small batch of biodiesel using Alek's 2 stage process that seemed to work pretty well. So now, I've tried to make a 3 gallon batch. I'm using (unused) Canola oil. All told, I got about 2 quarts of glycerine out of both stages. I used 6g of lye per liter of oil. Is this the first time you've made biodiesel? Why did you use 6g of lye per liter of oil? Keith I had a few unexpected results. First, after the second stage had settled, I had a layer on top of the FAME. It was quite thin, but solid enough that when I picked it up with a ladle, the part over the edge of the ladle came up also. Is that wax, soap or something else? I also did the shake test (although as I looked at the directions again later, I realized I had shaken for a few seconds rather than 10) . The result separated quickly, but the top layer is a cloudy light yellow rather than the clear yellow that I had expected. Finally, I'm bubble washing now. From the very start, I've been getting a large amount of foam. Does this indicate soap. (I discovered that my pH meter had gone dry and died since my small batch, so I added no vinegar to the wash water.) Thanks, Scott Alexander Warren, NJ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Send the freshest Valentine's flowers with a FREE vase from only $29.99! Shipped direct from the grower with a 7 day freshness guarantee and prices so low you save 30-55% off retail! http://us.click.yahoo.com/_iAw9B/xdlHAA/3jkFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
x-charset ISO-8859-1There's information on jatropha and other yields here: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html Vegetable oil yields, characteristics: Journey to Forever It also includes links to two online databases that will tell you a lot more: NewCrop SearchEngine at the Center for New Crops Plant Products at Purdue University -- Search for oil. Results: The following pages containing 'oil' were found -- hits 1-20 of 200. Results are hyperlinked to detailed factsheets. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/SearchEngine.html Plants For A Future -- Database Search -- See Search by Use - Select any of the following uses. Or select none and use the plant criteria below. Select Other Use - oil. Results: Other Use: Oil (460). Results are hyperlinked to detailed factsheets. http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/D_search.html For instance, NewCrop includes among many other references James A. Duke's excellent Handbook of Energy Crops. Here's what it says about jatropha: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Jatropha_curcas.html Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Physic nut, Purging nut Source: James A. Duke. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. 1. Uses 2. Folk Medicine 3. Chemistry 4. Toxicity 5. Description 6. Germplasm 7. Distribution 8. Ecology 9. Cultivation 10. Harvesting 11. Yields and Economics 12. Energy 13. Biotic Factors 14. References Uses According to Ochse (1980), the young leaves may be safely eaten, steamed or stewed. They are favored for cooking with goat meat, said to counteract the peculiar smell. Though purgative, the nuts are sometimes roasted and dangerously eaten. In India, pounded leaves are applied near horses' eyes to repel flies. The oil has been used for illumination, soap, candles, adulteration of olive oil, and making Turkey red oil. Nuts can be strung on grass and burned like candlenuts (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Mexicans grow the shrub as a host for the lac insect. Ashes of the burned root are used as a salt substitute (Morton, 1981). Agaceta et al. (1981) conclude that it has strong molluscicidal activity. Duke and Wain (1981) list it for homicide, piscicide, and raticide as well. The latex was strongly inhibitory to watermelon mosaic virus (Tewari and Shukla, 1982). Bark used as a fish poison (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). In South Sudan, the seed as well as the fruit is used as a contraceptive (List and Horhammer, 1969-1979). Sap stains linen and can be used for marking (Mitchell and Rook, 1979). Little, Woodbury, and Wadsworth (1974) list the species as a honey plant. Folk Medicine According to Hartwell, the extracts are used in folk remedies for cancer. Reported to be abortifacient, anodyne, antiseptic, cicatrizant, depurative, diuretic, emetic, hemostat, lactagogue, narcotic, purgative, rubefacient, styptic, vermifuge, and vulnerary, physic nut is a folk remedy for alopecia, anasorca, ascites, burns, carbuncles, convulsions, cough, dermatitis, diarrhea, dropsy, dysentery, dyspepsia, eczema, erysipelas, fever, gonorrhea, hernia, incontinence, inflammation, jaundice, neuralgia, paralysis, parturition, pleurisy, pneumonia, rash, rheumatism, scabies, sciatica, sores, stomachache, syphilis, tetanus, thrush, tumors, ulcers, uterosis, whitlows, yaws, and yellow fever (Duke and Wain, 1981; List and Horhammer, 1969-1979). Latex applied topically to bee and wasp stings (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Mauritians massage ascitic limbs with the oil. Cameroon natives apply the leaf decoction in arthritis (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Colombians drink the leaf decoction for venereal disease (Morton, 1981). Bahamans drink the decoction for heartburn. Costa Ricans poultice leaves onto erysipelas and splenosis. Guatemalans place heated leaves on the breast as a lactagogue. Cubans apply the latex to toothache. Colombians and Costa Ricans apply the latex to burns, hemorrhoids, ringworm, and ulcers. Barbadians use the leaf tea for marasmus, Panamanians for jaundice. Venezuelans take the root decoction for dysentery (Morton, 1981). Seeds are used also for dropsy, gout, paralysis, and skin ailments (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Leaves are regarded as antiparasitic, applied to scabies; rubefacient for paralysis, rheumatism; also applied to hard tumors (Hartwell, 1967-1971). Latex used to dress sores and ulcers and inflamed tongues (Perry, 1980). Seed is viewed as aperient; the seed oil emetic, laxative, purgative, for skin ailments. Root is used in decoction as a mouthwash for bleeding gums and toothache. Otherwise used for eczema, ringworm, and scabies (Perry, 1980; Duke and Ayensu, 1984). We received a letter from the Medical Research Center of the University of the West Indies shortly after the death of Jamaician singer Robert Morley, I just want you to know that this is not because of Bob Morley's illness, why I am
[biofuel] Global Problems, Local Solutions - Wendell Berry
x-charset ISO-8859-1http://resurgence.gn.apc.org/issues/berry206.htm Resurgence issue 206 Economics GLOBAL PROBLEMS, LOCAL SOLUTIONS Wendell Berry If governments fail to protect their citizens, then those citizens must protect themselves by developing local economies. May / June 2001 LET US BEGIN by assuming what appears to be true: that the so-called environmental crisis is now pretty well established as a fact of our age. The problems of pollution, species extinction, loss of wilderness, loss of farmland, loss of topsoil may still be ignored or scoffed at, but they are not denied. Concern for these problems has acquired a certain standing, a measure of discussability, in the media and in some scientific, academic, and religious institutions. This is good, of course; obviously, we can't hope to solve these problems without an increase of public awareness and concern. But in an age burdened with publicity, we have to be aware also that as issues rise into popularity they rise also into the danger of oversimplification. To speak of this danger is especially necessary in confronting the destructiveness of our relationship to nature, which is the result, in the first place, of gross oversimplification. The environmental crisis has happened because the human household or economy is in conflict at almost every point with the household of nature. We have built our household on the assumption that the natural household is simple and can be simply used. We have assumed increasingly over the last 500 years that nature is merely a supply of raw materials and that we may safely possess those materials merely by taking them. This taking, as our technical means have increased, has involved ever less reverence or respect, less gratitude, less local knowledge, and less skill. Our methodologies of land use have strayed from our old sympathetic attempts to imitate natural processes, and have come more and more to resemble the methodology of mining, even as mining itself has become more technologically powerful and more brutal. And so we will be wrong if we attempt to correct what we perceive as environmental problems without correcting the economic oversimplification that caused them. This oversimplification is now either a matter of corporate behaviour, or of behaviour under the influence of corporate behaviour. This is sufficiently clear to many of us. What is not sufficiently clear, perhaps to any of us, is the extent of our complicity, as individuals and especially as individual consumers, in the behaviour of the corporations. What has happened is that most people in our country, and apparently most people in the developed world, have given proxies to the corporations to produce and provide all of their food, clothing and shelter. Moreover, they are rapidly giving proxies to corporations or governments to provide entertainment, education, child care, care of the sick and the elderly, and many other kinds of service that once were carried on informally and inexpensively by individuals or households or communities. Our major economic practice, in short, is to delegate the practice to others. The danger now is that those who are concerned will believe that the solution to the environmental crisis can be merely political - that the problems, being large, can be solved by large solutions generated by a few people to whom we will give our proxies to police the economic proxies that we have already given. The danger, in other words, is that people will think they have made a sufficient change if they have altered their values, or had a change of heart, and that such a change in passive consumers will cause appropriate changes in the public experts, politicians, and corporate executives to whom they have granted their proxies. The trouble with this is that a proper concern for nature and our use of nature must be practised, not by our proxy-holders, but by ourselves. A change of heart or of values without a practice is only another pointless luxury of a passively consumptive way of life. The environmental crisis, in fact, can be solved only if people, individually and in their communities, recover responsibility for their thoughtlessly given proxies. If people begin the effort to take back into their own power a significant portion of their economic responsibility, then their inevitable first discovery is that the environmental crisis is no such thing; it is not a crisis of our environs or surroundings; it is a crisis of our lives as individuals, as family members, as community members, and as citizens. We have an environmental crisis because we have consented to an economy in which by eating, drinking, working, resting, travelling and enjoying ourselves we are destroying the natural, the god-given world. We live, as we must sooner or later recognize, in an era of sentimental economics and, consequently, of sentimental politics. Sentimental
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
Hi Sumit Jatropha seems to be something of the flavour of the month in India at the moment, and for awhile - I've been getting more and more enquiries about it from there. Might have something to do with this: NEW DELHI: The Government is mulling investment of over Rs 17,500 crore to undertake a comprehensive programme for extracting oil from Jatropha plantations for blending with diesel. Business online - Monday, December 9, 2002 http://www.hinduonnet.com/bline/blnus/14091304.htm Jatropha curcas is a good option, but there are many other good options. The idea that it's the best option just doesn't take into account how development projects work, if they work at all, and this type of best technology thinking is one reason they often don't work. Almost any locally grown crop would have more going for it, regardless of Jatropha's yield and general usefulness. That's no reason not to use Jatropha, but it has to be fitted in properly, and once again full local involvement is essential for that to happen. For more re which please see: http://journeytoforever.org/community.html http://journeytoforever.org/community2.html Community development: Journey to Forever I cross-posted a message on jatropha in India from Dr A.D. Karve some time ago: I have conducted field experiments on both castor and Jatropha. I had already mentioned in a previous E-mail, that Jatropha was tested rather widely in India and was given up because it was not found to be as high yielding as the traditional oil crops in India. I do not know how it behaves in other countries, but under our agroclimatic and edaphic conditions, Jatropha produces much more vegetative matter than fruits. At harvest, one has to search for the occasional fruit hidden behind all the foliage that this plant produces. It is found all over India as a wild plant. India has some 25 uncultivated species of trees that yield non-edible oil. The seed of the wild trees is collected by villagers and sold to merchants attending the weekly village markets, but no farmer would ever think of growing them as a crop, because all of them are lower yielding than the cultivated oil plants such as peanut, soybean, sunflower, safflower, sesame, various mustards and rapes, coconut, etc. Among the seasonal oilseeds, hybrid castor is the highest yielding (2.5 tonnes oil per ha), but it is not an edible oil. The highest yield of edible oil, also about 2.5 tonnes per ha, is obtained from coconut. Oil palm, which yields 6 tonnes of oil per hectare in Malaysia, was tested and given up as low yielding under Indian conditions. Yours A.D.Karve http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=17993list=BIOFUEL You should read these two previous messages: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/19667/ [EMAIL PROTECTED] - musings http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/19671/ Re: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - musings Don't get too carried away by yield figures - yield isn't everything, and focusing on it can obscure other factors that could be more important. Best wishes Keith Addison Journey to Forever Jatropha, Based on the information I've seen the seed oil yeild is 0.21. under normal cultivation there is a yeild of around 2,000 litres of oil per hectare. Cetane on the oil is 64-67 making it more efficient than #2 Diesel. Although the trees bear fruit in 6 months, does anyone know what the hectare yeild on the fruit at 6 months growth. Life expectancy is also low at 15 years, does anyone know when the tree reaches maturity and how long it will bear fruit? I also understand that the oil cakes cannot be used in animal feed, is this due to toxicity levels? Does anyone know? There would be around 8 tonnes of oil cake per hectare. Is there any other use of the oil cake other than as fertilizer? What is the nitrogen content? Neem oil can also be used as biodiesel but is normally used as a pesticide. Does anyone know how long it takes before a neem tree bears fruit? Does anyone know what the yeild will be per hectare at this stage? Oil cakes can be used in feed after going through a solvent extraction process, does anyone know what the process is. I noticed that some of you have done research on the biodiesel oils are there any suggestions on two crops one for short term economically viable yeilds and another on the long term. My understanding is that Palm trees can produce 5,000 litres per hectare of oil but I don't know what the growth period is before palm trees start to bear fruit. We intend to start up a site in Jarkhand which will be run by rural Santhal people and want to look at ways to allow them to produce fuel oil cash crops within a one year period plus have additional higher yeild crops that will produce economically viable fuel oils within 2-3 years. Any recommendations? I'm also concerned about the oil cakes that will be produced and would appreciate advice on what plants to avoid when
[biofuel] Re: Global Warming Alarmists Are the Ones Filled with Hot Air
x-charset ISO-8859-1--- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Could you do that, by checking the historical humidity, or dew point? Greg H. From: Jeff I think that one of the bench marks of global warming would be to see how much more water vapor is in the air now, then 20 years ago. It would be interesting to see at what altitudes the water vapor is hanging out at. I feel certain if you calculate the increase water vapor, and calculate how much heat it is holding, you will see that global warming is happening more then what people have thought it was. Greg and Jeff, I think average annual and monthly dewpoint data can be used as an indication of changes occurring in water vapor near the surface. I remember reading about increasing upper level atmospheric water vapor in an article that was posted to another group a couple years ago. I developed summaries of average dewpoints for 43 stations in the Great Plains, Midwest and Great Lakes States for years 1948 - 2002. My tables for average dewpoint can be found by clicking on 'Links' from PC discussion group, homepage URL: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Paleontology_and_Climate/ After going to the homepage URL click on 'Links to get to the directory of folders. Then click on the folder titled: - - - Dewpoints, humidity, water vapor - - - You may need to become a member of PC to access Links in Folders. It just takes a minute or two to become a member, no approval needed. All members can add links. FOLDERS Air Temperatures, proxy (up to 1880) Air temperatures, dewpoints (1880 current) Antarctic Arctic Continental movements distribution in time Dewpoints, humidity, water vapor - ... bookmarks and links - - ... Snowmelt Runoff, Increasing Winter Dewpoints... - ... Special ReportTempsDew Points,Great Lakes States - ... Urban Heat Island Effect on Temperature Measuremnts Effects on Climate, CO2 Effects on Climate, Other Effects on Climate, Solar Extinction: K-T or Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction: Paleocene Eocene Extinctions Permian-Triassic boundary Extinctions: General Glaciers Oceans Paleo-Pictures Rain forests, other vegetation Snowmelt runoff, ice, seasons Vocanoes, tectonics Pat Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] My second batch - questions
On Fri, 2004-02-13 at 11:53, Keith Addison wrote: Hello Scott I made a small batch of biodiesel using Alek's 2 stage process that seemed to work pretty well. So now, I've tried to make a 3 gallon batch. I'm using (unused) Canola oil. All told, I got about 2 quarts of glycerine out of both stages. I used 6g of lye per liter of oil. Is this the first time you've made biodiesel? Why did you use 6g of lye per liter of oil? I made a small batch before using 6.25 g/l. Since I got some soap formation and since the note about cutting back to 6 g/l appears on the page now as a note at the bottom, I thought I'd give that a try. What should I have done? Is there a good way to rescue what I have? Thanks, Scott Keith I had a few unexpected results. First, after the second stage had settled, I had a layer on top of the FAME. It was quite thin, but solid enough that when I picked it up with a ladle, the part over the edge of the ladle came up also. Is that wax, soap or something else? I also did the shake test (although as I looked at the directions again later, I realized I had shaken for a few seconds rather than 10) . The result separated quickly, but the top layer is a cloudy light yellow rather than the clear yellow that I had expected. Finally, I'm bubble washing now. From the very start, I've been getting a large amount of foam. Does this indicate soap. (I discovered that my pH meter had gone dry and died since my small batch, so I added no vinegar to the wash water.) Thanks, Scott Alexander Warren, NJ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT __ Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. * -- Scott Alexander [EMAIL PROTECTED] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Reactor
It would be interesting if this apparatus could be fit in a car on a small scale. Folks in Brazil and elsewhere, already carrying some ethanol on board, would have a choice, something new to experiment with, to see what gets the best mileage and power and reliability and other characteristics. On Fri, 13 Feb 2004 07:25:00 -0600, you wrote: Personally I am not a big believer in a hydrogen economy but this did get the interest of our local paper. fred http://startribune.com/stories/1592/4374132.html Associated Press University reactor shows promise for `hydrogen economy' Researchers at the University of Minnesota say they have built a prototype reactor that produces hydrogen from ethanol so efficiently that it could one day power conventional fuel cells for homes. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Global Warming
x-charset ISO-8859-1--- Pedro Victor Cuesta/LABEIN wrote: Look at this article: Water, Energy and Global Warming D'Aleo, M. and Edelglass, E. http://www.netfuture.org/ni/misc/pub/daleo/warm/warm.html#daleo Pedro Pedro, at your suggestion, I reviewed the article titled 'Water, Energy and Global Warming'. There are many false and misleading statements in the article, too numerous to address in a single reply. FALSE statements include: 1. 'The interior areas of the United States such as the Midwest Plains do not show warming, ...' 2. 'In sum, atmospheric warming -- the warming for which we currently have the clearest evidence -- is a local and regional phenomenon more than a global one, and it appears to be due more to human-caused energy production and water emissions than to carbon dioxide emissions.' I think the article should be removed from public viewing. Pat, manager of discussion group at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Paleontology_and_Climate/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] Extractors and distillation of Jatropha
Good point Keith Sumit, take a look at Honge perhapsor one of the other 300 seeds identified in India! http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1433lang=English Edward Beggs http://www.biofuels.ca On Friday, February 13, 2004, at 08:53 AM, Keith Addison wrote: Hi Sumit Jatropha seems to be something of the flavour of the month in India at the moment, and for awhile - I've been getting more and more enquiries about it from there. Might have something to do with this: NEW DELHI: The Government is mulling investment of over Rs 17,500 crore to undertake a comprehensive programme for extracting oil from Jatropha plantations for blending with diesel. Business online - Monday, December 9, 2002 http://www.hinduonnet.com/bline/blnus/14091304.htm Jatropha curcas is a good option, but there are many other good options. The idea that it's the best option just doesn't take into account how development projects work, if they work at all, and this type of best technology thinking is one reason they often don't work. Almost any locally grown crop would have more going for it, regardless of Jatropha's yield and general usefulness. That's no reason not to use Jatropha, but it has to be fitted in properly, and once again full local involvement is essential for that to happen. For more re which please see: http://journeytoforever.org/community.html http://journeytoforever.org/community2.html Community development: Journey to Forever I cross-posted a message on jatropha in India from Dr A.D. Karve some time ago: I have conducted field experiments on both castor and Jatropha. I had already mentioned in a previous E-mail, that Jatropha was tested rather widely in India and was given up because it was not found to be as high yielding as the traditional oil crops in India. I do not know how it behaves in other countries, but under our agroclimatic and edaphic conditions, Jatropha produces much more vegetative matter than fruits. At harvest, one has to search for the occasional fruit hidden behind all the foliage that this plant produces. It is found all over India as a wild plant. India has some 25 uncultivated species of trees that yield non-edible oil. The seed of the wild trees is collected by villagers and sold to merchants attending the weekly village markets, but no farmer would ever think of growing them as a crop, because all of them are lower yielding than the cultivated oil plants such as peanut, soybean, sunflower, safflower, sesame, various mustards and rapes, coconut, etc. Among the seasonal oilseeds, hybrid castor is the highest yielding (2.5 tonnes oil per ha), but it is not an edible oil. The highest yield of edible oil, also about 2.5 tonnes per ha, is obtained from coconut. Oil palm, which yields 6 tonnes of oil per hectare in Malaysia, was tested and given up as low yielding under Indian conditions. Yours A.D.Karve http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=17993list=BIOFUEL You should read these two previous messages: http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/19667/ [EMAIL PROTECTED] - musings http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/BIOFUEL/19671/ Re: [EMAIL PROTECTED] - musings Don't get too carried away by yield figures - yield isn't everything, and focusing on it can obscure other factors that could be more important. Best wishes Keith Addison Journey to Forever Jatropha, Based on the information I've seen the seed oil yeild is 0.21. under normal cultivation there is a yeild of around 2,000 litres of oil per hectare. Cetane on the oil is 64-67 making it more efficient than #2 Diesel. Although the trees bear fruit in 6 months, does anyone know what the hectare yeild on the fruit at 6 months growth. Life expectancy is also low at 15 years, does anyone know when the tree reaches maturity and how long it will bear fruit? I also understand that the oil cakes cannot be used in animal feed, is this due to toxicity levels? Does anyone know? There would be around 8 tonnes of oil cake per hectare. Is there any other use of the oil cake other than as fertilizer? What is the nitrogen content? Neem oil can also be used as biodiesel but is normally used as a pesticide. Does anyone know how long it takes before a neem tree bears fruit? Does anyone know what the yeild will be per hectare at this stage? Oil cakes can be used in feed after going through a solvent extraction process, does anyone know what the process is. I noticed that some of you have done research on the biodiesel oils are there any suggestions on two crops one for short term economically viable yeilds and another on the long term. My understanding is that Palm trees can produce 5,000 litres per hectare of oil but I don't know what the growth period is before palm trees start to bear fruit. We intend to start up a site in
[biofuel] Gold In The Shadow - Paul Hawken
http://resurgence.gn.apc.org/issues/hawken201.htm Business GOLD IN THE SHADOW by Paul Hawken It costs more to destroy the Earth and less to maintain it. Interview by Satish Kumar from Resurgence issue 201 July/August 2000 SK: IN THE PAST twenty-five years, on the one hand there has been a huge increase in ecological awareness in the Western world, and, on the other hand, there has been a tremendous stride towards globalization, consumerism and world trade. In your view, is the environmental movement getting anywhere or are we fighting a losing battle? PH: There are so many vantage points from which to answer this question, but perhaps the least helpful vantage point is one that looks at environmentalism as a battle. In those terms, we will certainly lose, because the forces are greater for consumption and destruction than they are for frugality and restoration. The question interests me because for years, I have been asked, am I optimistic or pessimistic? I always say I am pessimistic when I look at the data, but optimistic when I look at people. I am terrified of what I see. And yet, I act and take enormous encouragement in the fact that others act too. Many, like you, have acted long before myself. When my children were growing up, we read Tolkien and the Ring trilogy - a classic tale of darkness overwhelming the world. It fascinated me that Tolkien was writing this during World War Two and was posting chapters to his son at the front. It is a tale of how something can prevail when everything is arrayed against it. I feel that what we are beginning to experience in our life is rather mythic, like the Baghavad Gita. When seen this way, then the word battle comes back to life in a new way. What we do know is that we are descending into a century that will be marked by incalculable and cascading losses, losses that are already grievous and inconsolably tragic. To see the momentum of loss is to want to close one's eyes. But to close one's eyes is to do the one thing that will not help us at all. I believe in rain, in odd miracles, in the intelligence that allows arctic birds to find their way across the Earth. In other words, I don't believe I know or understand the means whereby this Earth and its people will transform. I don't know how human culture will long endure. I am comforted by this ignorance, this vast possibility of what I don't know. SK: There are a number of environmental activists, such as yourself, who are working with businesses. Is there not a danger that business people will exploit your good names, carry out a greenwash, bring out some superficial changes, but, fundamentally, they will carry on their business as usual? PH: Not only is there a danger, there is the outright reality. It is nothing to fear because it is already happening. It is essential to observe and prevent. Since I have invoked mythic imagery, I think it is important to offer the idea that large multinational corporations are like cults. Some laugh, some cringe, when presented with this description, but I find it helpful. Cults are distinguished by charismatic leaders, either dead or living, borrowed language, sleep deprivation, costumes or identifying clothing, impressive buildings or temples, and deep superstitious beliefs in omniscient sayings and writings, i.e. free-market capitalist tracts. So it is unrealistic to think that this culture will change because new information is offered. Some companies are more cultish than others, but all have some traces of it if they are large and successful. The real question is whether to be outside of them, or to try to work with them whilst trying to work on everything else as well. Two schools of thought are here. One is that by working on changing business, you are co-opted and business doesn't really change. The other side is that business is the dominant institution, so you are foolish to ignore them. Along with this school of thought comes the idea that businesses are merely a reflection of who we are. I am reminded of the famous exchange oft quoted by green architect William McDonough: when Emerson asked a jailed Thoreau what he was doing in there, Thoreau asked Emerson back what he was doing out there? My question is whether there is an in or out. Working with large companies is spiritually and emotionally difficult. It is like doing exquisite flower arrangements for a soccer match. And it remains to be seen whether they can truly change or not. There are some outstanding people and companies in the world who do get it, are truly committed to ecological restoration and social equity. Either they are exceptions that prove the rule, or they represent a radical new possibility. If we believe that they do not represent a new possibility, it will be self-fulfilling. SK: There seems to be a feeling that by making efficient use of energy and technology businesses can save the environment and make
[biofuel] Natural Economy - Amory Lovins
x-charset ISO-8859-1http://resurgence.gn.apc.org/issues/lovins213.htm Technology Natural Economy Design as if nature matters. Amory Lovins from Resurgence issue 213 July / August 2002 In the 1950s, the Dayak people of Borneo had malaria. The World Health Organization thought they had a solution: spray large amounts of DDT over the countryside to kill the mosquitoes. However, the DDT also killed a tiny parasitic wasp that had previously controlled thatch-eating caterpillars. Without the wasps, the caterpillars ate the thatched roofs, causing the roofs to cave in. Moreover, DDT-poisoned insects were eaten by geckos, which were eaten by cats. Eventually, the cats started to die, and the rats multiplied, threatening potential outbreaks of typhus and plague. The World Health Organization, therefore, engaged a Singapore squadron of the British Royal Air Force to parachute 14,000 live cats into Borneo! This story has become well-known worldwide as a splendid example of how - if one doesn't understand hidden connections - the cause of problems can often be solutions. What my fifty colleagues and I try to do at Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is to understand and harness those hidden connections so that we can solve or avoid a problem without making new ones. Let's take energy as an example. Energy is connected to just about everything. Improving energy-efficiency is far more sensible and provides higher-quality services than simply supplying more energy. Energy-efficiency is the fastest-growing major energy source in the us, increasing by more than 3% a year. The big surprise about saving energy and other resources is that we can now make very large savings cost less than small or no savings. My own house is an interesting example. It's 7,100 feet up in the Rockies, where temperatures can drop to -47Ä. Frost can occur any day of the year, and we can get thirty-nine days of continuous mid-winter cloud. So, not a terribly nice climate. Nevertheless, coming in from a snowstorm, one can be right in the middle of a jungle of jasmine, bougainvillea and frogs; we've harvested twenty-seven banana crops in the greenhouse. Yet, we don't have a heating system - because we don't need one. Now, if you were to ask an engineer how much insulation you should have in your house in a very cold climate, you'd be told, Just as much as will pay for itself over the years from the saved heating bill. That sounds logical. But that logic is wrong because it leaves out something rather important: the capital cost of the heating system. A furnace, pipes, pumps, ducts, fans, wires, fuel source, controls, etc. are needed to provide heat. It turns out that construction costs are lower up-front by not having to install any of that stuff; rather, by installing superinsulation and superwindows to trap heat, and air-to-air heat recovery systems for ventilation, the whole house gets cheaper to build. The saved construction budget can then be spent in other ways to produce more efficiency, and ultimately savings, throughout the house: in our case, saving half the water, 99% of the water-heating energy, and 90% of the household electricity, for which the bill for 4,000 square feet is five dollars a month. (We actually make five or six times that much electricity with solar power and sell the rest back to the utility at the same price.) The house uses only as much electricity as one ordinary light bulb. All of those savings paid for themselves in ten months with 1983 technology. Today we can do a lot better. BIG ENERGY and resource savings would, of course, happen faster if each of the sixty or eighty specific known obstacles to buying energy efficiency were turned into a business opportunity. For example, wouldn't it be a neat idea to pay architects and engineers for what they save, not for what they spend? We tried that in five experiments, and it works very well. Or how about rewarding your electric or gas utility for cutting your bill, not for selling you more energy? In designing our house, we were optimizing the house as a system, rather than just as a collection of separate components. We paid more for the windows than for ordinary windows, and we'd paid for components that weren't ordinarily there, like recovering heat from the outgoing air to pre-heat the incoming air. But we'd saved a lot more cost than that by getting rid of the heating system. So we were optimizing the whole house for multiple benefits, saving energy costs and capital costs, not just energy. The car - the highest expression of the Iron Age - is another example of optimizing whole systems. The car has been around for over one hundred years and is really a remarkable machine. It does difficult things quite well. Yet it uses only 1% of its fuel energy to move the driver. We can do better than that. Ten years ago, I figured out how: make the car three times lighter by using carbon fibre, instead
[biofuel] Eating Oil - Andy Jones
x-charset ISO-8859-1http://resurgence.gn.apc.org/issues/jones216.htm Agriculture : Eating Oil Food supply in a changing climate. Andy Jones from Resurgence issue 216 January / February 2003 EVERY TIME WE eat, we are all essentially 'eating oil'. Virtually all of the processes in the modern food system are dependent upon this finite resource. Moreover, at a time when we should be making massive cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases in order to reduce the threat posed by climate change, food supply chains are becoming more transport-intensive. This results in increasing emissions to the point at which the food system is a significant contributor to global warming. One indicator of the unsustainability of the contemporary food system is the ratio of energy outputs - the energy content of a food product (calories) - to the energy inputs. The latter is all the energy consumed in producing, processing, packaging and distributing that product. The energy ratio (energy out/energy in) in agriculture has decreased from being close to 100 for traditional pre-industrial societies to less than 1 for most of the food products supplied to consumers in industrialised countries, as energy inputs, mainly in the form of fossil fuels, have gradually increased. In modern high input fruit and vegetable cultivation, the output/ input ratio is between 2 and 0.1 (i.e. one calorie of food energy output requires up to ten calories of energy input). For intensive beef production the ratio is between 0.1 and 0.03, and may reach extreme values of 0.002 for winter greenhouse vegetables. All of these ratios refer to the energy consumed up to the farm gate and exclude processing, packaging and distribution. However, transport energy consumption is also significant, and if included in these ratios would mean that the ratio would decrease further. For example, when iceberg lettuce is imported to the uk from the usa by plane, 127 calories of energy (aviation fuel) are needed to transport 1 calorie of lettuce across the Atlantic. If the energy consumed during lettuce cultivation, packaging, refrigeration, distribution in the UK and shopping by car were included, the energy needed would be even higher. Similarly, ninety-seven calories of transport energy are needed to import one calorie of asparagus by plane from Chile, and sixty-six units of energy are consumed when flying one unit of carrot energy from South Africa. The energy inefficiency of the food system can be highlighted by 'unravelling' supply chains for everyday food products. For example, researchers at the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology have analysed the processes involved in the manufacture of a bottle of tomato ketchup. The study considered the production of inputs to agriculture, tomato cultivation and conversion to tomato paste in Italy, the processing and packaging of the paste and other ingredients into tomato ketchup in Sweden, and the retail and storage of the final product. All this involved more than fifty-two transport and process stages. The aseptic bags used to package the tomato paste were produced in the Netherlands and transported to Italy to be filled, placed in steel barrels, then moved to Sweden. The five-layered red bottles were either produced in the uk or Sweden with materials from Japan, Italy, Belgium, the usa and Denmark. The screw-cap of the bottle and the plug were produced in Denmark and transported to Sweden. Cardboard boxes which were used to distribute the final product, and labels, glue and ink were not included in this analysis. Other transport stages associated with the production and supply of fertilisers, pesticides, processing equipment, sugar, vinegar, spices and salt and farm machinery were also excluded. Many of these are probably imported and involve long-distance international transportation. Finally, the product is likely to be purchased during a shopping trip taken by car. Trade-related transportation has been estimated to account for one eighth of world oil consumption and is expected to increase by 70% between 1992 and 2004, from 29 to 49 trillion tonne-kilometres. If this occurs, the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from international trade will increase from approximately 1.45 billion tonnes in 1992 to 2.45 billion tonnes in 2004. Transport associated with the food system is a significant part of this story. One study has estimated that uk imports of food products and animal feed involved transportation by sea, air and road amounting to over 83 billion tonne-kilometres. This required 1.6 billion litres of fuel and, based on a conservative figure of 50 grammes of carbon dioxide per tonne-kilometre, resulted in 4.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions. Food miles within the uk are also increasing, and almost all foodstuffs are moved around the country by truck rather than by other, less environmentally damaging modes, such as rail or
Re: [biofuel] Foolproof method
x-charset ISO-8859-1Hi all, Maybe a stupid question, and with all respect to Aleks, but I am making BD now for allmost two years, using the single base methode, without titration, just use 150 liter methanol and 4.5 kg NaOH per 1000 liter used vegatable oil. Let it sit for at least a week and very slowly drain(?) what is the right word ? it from the top through a fine filter. I have never whashed the BD. I have driven over 140.000 km now without any problems. What would be the main reason to change to the fool proof method ? I am very willing to learn, so I hope nobody reads this as if the fool proof method would not be better. I just do not know why it would be better. Met vriendelijke groeten, Pieter Koole Netherlands. The information contained in this message (including attachments) is confidential, and is intended for the addressee(s) only. If you have received this message in error please delete it and notify the originator immediately. The unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or alteration of this message is strictly forbidden. We will not be liable for direct, special, indirect or consequential damages arising from alteration of the contents of this message by a third party or in case of electronic communications as a result of any virus being passed on. - Original Message - From: Scott Alexander [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 11:44 PM Subject: [biofuel] Foolproof method I wanted to try Alek's foolproof method, but the couple of sites that I've found via the Internet for sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid make them seem quite expensive. Presumably that means that I'm looking in the wrong place. Where should I go to get these at reasonable prices? Thanks, Scott Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ /x-charset
Re: [biofuel] Foolproof method
Hi Todd, What prices are you mentioning ?? In Holland I pay 0,80 per liter acid, which can be sulfuric acid (98%) or posphoric acid (80%). I think you should try to find an industrie where they use a lot of this stuf and buy some from them. Met vriendelijke groeten, Pieter Koole Netherlands The information contained in this message (including attachments) is confidential, and is intended for the addressee(s) only. If you have received this message in error please delete it and notify the originator immediately. The unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or alteration of this message is strictly forbidden. We will not be liable for direct, special, indirect or consequential damages arising from alteration of the contents of this message by a third party or in case of electronic communications as a result of any virus being passed on. - Original Message - From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, February 13, 2004 5:32 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Foolproof method Try a warehouse for commercial/municipal pool/water treatment. You should be able to get either for less than $20 a gallon, more like $12 for sulfuric and $18 for phosphoric. If all else fails, contact Aqua Science in Columbus, Ohio, 614-252-5000 and ask if they know of any industrial supply house(s) in the Philadelphia-Baltimore area. There have to be several. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Scott Alexander [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Thursday, February 12, 2004 5:44 PM Subject: [biofuel] Foolproof method I wanted to try Alek's foolproof method, but the couple of sites that I've found via the Internet for sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid make them seem quite expensive. Presumably that means that I'm looking in the wrong place. Where should I go to get these at reasonable prices? Thanks, Scott Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
