Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi Craig Weinberg Could a blind man stub his toe ? - Receiving the following content - From: Craig Weinberg Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-20, 21:35:50 Subject: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy What would an alien intelligence help explain the origin of the universe?

Re: Re: Re: Is there an aether ?

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi Craig Weinberg That is such a silly pov. If a boulder fell off of a cliff above you onto you that you didn't see, would it hurt you or not ? - Receiving the following content - From: Craig Weinberg Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-20, 15:47:31 Subject: Re: Re: Is there an

Re: Re: Holy Smokes ! Automobile exhausts are causing polar icecapstoalsomelt on Mars, Jupiter and Pluto

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi meekerdb So there's no or little proof then. Just what I thought. - Receiving the following content - From: meekerdb Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-20, 15:35:20 Subject: Re: Holy Smokes ! Automobile exhausts are causing polar icecapstoalsomelt on Mars, Jupiter and Pluto

Re: Re: Science is a religion by itself.

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi meekerdb You have faith that what Mencken said is true, am I not correct ? - Receiving the following content - From: meekerdb Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-20, 18:31:10 Subject: Re: Science is a religion by itself. Men become civilized, not in proportion to their

Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi spudboy100 Yes, God is an alien intelligence because he does many things we consider unjust. - Receiving the following content - From: spudboy100 Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-20, 21:11:13 Subject: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy Does anyone have an issue with

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Stathis Papaioannou
On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 5:59 AM, Craig Weinberg whatsons...@gmail.com wrote: The assumption by scientists is that consciousness is caused by the brain, We could also assume that ground beef is caused by the grocery store, but that doesn't tell us about ground beef. Do you disagree that it

Re: Two Schrodinger cats

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:53, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 13:42, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 5:47 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 16:01, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 3:01 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 19:19, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Friday, January 18, 2013 1:15:09 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 18:50, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Wednesday, January 16, 2013 7:06:03 PM UTC-5, Stephen Paul King wrote: On 1/16/2013 5:32 PM, Alberto G. Corona wrote:

Re: Two Schrodinger cats

2013-01-21 Thread Telmo Menezes
On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 6:53 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 13:42, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 5:47 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 16:01, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 3:01 PM, Bruno

Re: Two Schrodinger cats

2013-01-21 Thread Telmo Menezes
On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 7:43 PM, Richard Ruquist yann...@gmail.com wrote: On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 12:53 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 13:42, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 5:47 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 17 Jan

Re: Two Schrodinger cats

2013-01-21 Thread Telmo Menezes
On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 2:17 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:53, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 13:42, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Thu, Jan 17, 2013 at 5:47 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 16:01, Telmo Menezes wrote:

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 8:04:10 AM UTC-5, stathisp wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 5:59 AM, Craig Weinberg whats...@gmail.comjavascript: wrote: The assumption by scientists is that consciousness is caused by the brain, We could also assume that ground beef is caused by

Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:54:58 AM UTC-5, rclough wrote: Hi Craig Weinberg Could a blind man stub his toe ? Anyone can stub their toe. - Receiving the following content - *From:* Craig Weinberg javascript: *Receiver:* everything-list javascript: *Time:*

Re: Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Roger Clough
Hi Craig Weinberg But nothing would exist for a blind man, since he can see nothing. - Receiving the following content - From: Craig Weinberg Receiver: everything-list Time: 2013-01-21, 09:11:18 Subject: Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:54:58

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 17:21, John Clark wrote: On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 8:23 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: There is no field of theology, removing the fairy tale aspect of it would be like removing the skin of a toy balloon. To say that there is no field of theology is

Re: Idealism, theology, and the world of science Options

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:17, socra...@bezeqint.net wrote: Question. What is DNA ? Life library. DNA consist on atoms and electromagnetic fields. In 1904 Lorentz proved: there isn’t em field without Electron It means the source of this em field must be an Electron Then we need to write :

Re: Math- Computation- Mind - Geometry - Space - Matter

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:34, Stephen P. King wrote: On 1/20/2013 7:53 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 00:15, Stephen P. King wrote: On 1/18/2013 1:08 PM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 19:05, Stephen P. King wrote: Dear Bruno, I am discussing ontology, there is no

Re: Escaping from the world of 3p Flatland

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 20:44, meekerdb wrote: On 1/20/2013 3:41 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: I agree. It is always better to stick to the most common sense of the words. That's funny coming from a guy who used God to designate abstract computations. ? God, matter, consciousness are never

Re: Robot reading vs human reading

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 21:03, Roger Clough wrote: Hi Bruno Marchal The triads are based on epistemology. Without Secondness everything is impersonal. Without Secondness you cannot understand how the final expression was obtained (what it means to YOU, and how it was affected by the interprent.

Re: Math- Computation- Mind - Geometry - Space - Matter

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 20 Jan 2013, at 23:57, Russell Standish wrote: On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 01:53:49PM +0100, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 00:15, Stephen P. King wrote: You seem to not understand a simple idea that is axiomatic for me. I am trying to understand why this is. Do you understand the

Re: Third person NDE

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 02:41, spudboy...@aol.com wrote: This may be totally irrelavent, but NDE studlier, Raymond Moody, has a book published about 3 years ago, called Glimpses of Eternity, in which NDE's and passings-on are a shared experience, including a life review, seen by family and

Re: Three things that one cannot prove or disprove

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 27 Dec 2012, at 00:22, Roger Clough wrote: Three things that one cannot prove or disprove 1. That God exists or does not exist. 2. That I exist or do not exist. 3. That computers can be conscious or not. 4. That there is a primary physical reality or not. You forget the main one

Re: Two Schrodinger cats

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 14:58, Telmo Menezes wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 2:17 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:53, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 13:42, Telmo Menezes wrote: snip Ok. That mode of reasoning is weirdly appealing to me. Even

Re: Re: Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 9:19:36 AM UTC-5, rclough wrote: Hi Craig Weinberg But nothing would exist for a blind man, since he can see nothing. Blind people can hear and feel and think, smell and taste, touch. Everything exists to the extent that it can be detected directly or

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 16:37, Jason Resch wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 8:20 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 17:21, John Clark wrote: On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 8:23 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: There is no field of theology, removing the fairy

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 8:30:39 AM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 19:19, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Friday, January 18, 2013 1:15:09 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 18:50, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Re: Re: Re: Is there an aether ?

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:53:25 AM UTC-5, rclough wrote: Hi Craig Weinberg That is such a silly pov. Because it's your pov, not mine. You don't understand what I am talking about so you keep pointing at a Straw Man misinterpretation of Berkeleyan idealism. If a boulder fell

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 17:45, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 8:30:39 AM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 19:19, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Friday, January 18, 2013 1:15:09 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 18:50, Craig Weinberg wrote: On

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 11:53:07 AM UTC-5, John Clark wrote: Science had to fight every inch of the way against theology and theologians and the fight still isn't over. That is a fiction of historical revisionism. Science is a kind of philosophy, philosophy is a refinement of

Re: Idealism, theology, and the world of science Options

2013-01-21 Thread John Mikes
Many questionable statements along this long conversation. To your quote (life library?) - it is a figment of our conventional (bio?) sciences, as we build 'life' theories from atoms - em - energy - etc. * I don't know about Turing ccness, but in my terms ccness is the response to relations.

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 17:53, John Clark wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: You confuse theology and post 500 occidental use of the field. There is no such field of study. There are experts in literature and experts in the behavior of bronze age tribes but

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Bruno Marchal
On 21 Jan 2013, at 18:11, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 11:53:07 AM UTC-5, John Clark wrote: Science had to fight every inch of the way against theology and theologians and the fight still isn't over. That is a fiction of historical revisionism. Science is a kind of

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 12:31:00 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: Impossible, or comp is false. No machine can ever figure out that there is anything without postulating it by faith. The fact that such postulation is unconscious makes this counter-intuitive, but with comp it is

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 12:36:48 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 21 Jan 2013, at 18:11, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 11:53:07 AM UTC-5, John Clark wrote: Science had to fight every inch of the way against theology and theologians and the fight still isn't

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread John Clark
On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote Speaking of confusion, I am using the word theology, as you admit in the above, as it has been used for the last 1500 years. If you insist on redefining common words (like God and theology) and give them your own private meaning then

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Stephen P. King
On 1/21/2013 8:30 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: If you don't take arithmetic as primitive, I can prove that you cannot derive both addition and multiplication, nor the existence of computer. Then everything around me does not make sense. If you believe you can derive them, then do it. But you

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 12:01:50 PM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 21 Jan 2013, at 17:45, Craig Weinberg wrote: You are saying that you can prove that the only way a computer can exist is if arithmetic is irreducible? I did not say that. I was saying that you have to assume the

Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Stephen P. King
On 1/21/2013 9:19 AM, Roger Clough wrote: Hi Craig Weinberg But nothing would exist for a blind man, since he can see nothing. Dear Roger, Why are you hung up on vision? I think that Craig is including all possible senses. -- Onward! Stephen -- You received this message because you

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 2:05:08 PM UTC-5, Stephen Paul King wrote: On 1/21/2013 8:30 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: If you don't take arithmetic as primitive, I can prove that you cannot derive both addition and multiplication, nor the existence of computer. Then everything around me

Re: Escaping from the world of 3p Flatland

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 6:36 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 20:44, meekerdb wrote: On 1/20/2013 3:41 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: I agree. It is always better to stick to the most common sense of the words. That's funny coming from a guy who used God to designate abstract computations. ?

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 1:56:36 PM UTC-5, John Clark wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013Craig Weinberg whats...@gmail.com javascript:wrote The founders of Western Enlightenment science would be quite surprised to hear that their invention of science was a fight against theology The

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 8:42 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 21 Jan 2013, at 16:37, Jason Resch wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 8:20 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be mailto:marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 17:21, John Clark wrote: On Sun, Jan 20, 2013 at 8:23 AM, Bruno Marchal

Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Spudboy100
Eventually, I sure would. But it would be a nice to know anyway. At this point to gather the evidence (what would that be??) would lead us to an actual conclusion and theory. Or we'd somehow be communication with this super ETI that created things. If we're speaking with a live mind, or a

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 8:53 AM, John Clark wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be mailto:marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote: You confuse theology and post 500 occidental use of the field. There is no such field of study. There are experts in literature and experts in the behavior of

Re: A God-limited God - My Theodicy

2013-01-21 Thread Spudboy100
Rclough-you have me dead to rights. Busted on that one. That tends to be my attitude, because sometimes accepting, is really not caring. God's will, so screw. That sort of attitude. Or maybe its a way for people to cope, by not caring? But if caring does no good..? Round and round we go.

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 9:11 AM, Craig Weinberg wrote: It is only recently, as the limitations of the narrow Western approach are being revealed on a global scale, that science has fallen into a fundamentalist pathology which makes an enemy of teleology. Yes, it is only the recently, since the

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 9:36 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: Well, scientists are current theologians. But as such they are less modern than the greeks. In particular, they hide the metaphysical hypotheses. Because they've found that it is better to start from observation and to make progress where it can be

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:20:16 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 9:11 AM, Craig Weinberg wrote: It is only recently, as the limitations of the narrow Western approach are being revealed on a global scale, that science has fallen into a fundamentalist pathology which makes an

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material things to have representations of things, intensionality, such as numbers. That's something evolution explains. Brent -- You received this message because you are

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:59:55 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material things to have representations of things, intensionality, such as numbers. That's something evolution

Re: Escaping from the world of 3p Flatland

2013-01-21 Thread John Mikes
Bruno: *...I have identified, in the comp context, God with Arithmetical Truth, * * * does that mean: complying with human logic (any)? Just imagine a world (universe) without logically THINKING beings (humans?) with no math to formulate (numbers, to express): is there a God there? JM * * On

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 1:42 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:20:16 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 9:11 AM, Craig Weinberg wrote: It is only recently, as the limitations of the narrow Western approach are being revealed on a global scale, that science has fallen

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 2:09 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:59:55 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material things to have representations of things,

Re: HOW YOU CAN BECOME A LIBERAL THEOLOGIAN IN JUST 4 STEPS.

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 5:35:59 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 1:42 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:20:16 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 9:11 AM, Craig Weinberg wrote: It is only recently, as the limitations of the narrow Western approach

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Craig Weinberg
On Monday, January 21, 2013 5:38:32 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 2:09 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:59:55 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 3:27 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 5:38:32 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 2:09 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: On Monday, January 21, 2013 4:59:55 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Stephen P. King
On 1/21/2013 2:45 PM, Craig Weinberg wrote: I mean if we wanted to get technical I would split the physics of counting into the private motive experience quantitative reasoning from the sensory experiences of figures or forms upon which we project our representations, but yeah numbers need a

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread Stephen P. King
On 1/21/2013 4:59 PM, meekerdb wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material things to have representations of things, intensionality, such as numbers. That's something evolution explains. Brent Hi Brent,

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread meekerdb
On 1/21/2013 5:10 PM, Stephen P. King wrote: On 1/21/2013 4:59 PM, meekerdb wrote: On 1/21/2013 11:05 AM, Stephen P. King wrote: Materialism fails since it cannot explain how it is possible for material things to have representations of things, intensionality, such as numbers. That's

Re: Math- Computation- Mind - Geometry - Space - Matter

2013-01-21 Thread Stephen P. King
On 1/21/2013 9:32 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 20 Jan 2013, at 18:34, Stephen P. King wrote: On 1/20/2013 7:53 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 19 Jan 2013, at 00:15, Stephen P. King wrote: On 1/18/2013 1:08 PM, Bruno Marchal wrote: On 17 Jan 2013, at 19:05, Stephen P. King wrote: Dear

Re: the curse of materialism

2013-01-21 Thread socra...@bezeqint.net
Lecture : Scientific heresy. Nov 1, 2011 in Edinburgh. / By Matt Ridley / My topic today is scientific heresy. When are scientific heretics right and when are they mad? How do you tell the difference between science and pseudoscience? # Just this month Daniel Shechtman won the 2011 Nobel