[ECOLOG-L] Teaching of Environmental Science(s) et al. using "plagiarism" detection software
Do you teach Teaching of Environmental Science(s) et al. (any science course) using "plagiarism" detection software Dear Colleagues: Do you teach Environmental Science(s) et al. and use "plagiarism" detection software (e.g., Turnitin)? If "yes", 1. What word string setting have you found useful? 2. Taking into account false positives (e.g., properly quoted passages, literature cited, etc.), what similarity percentage triggers in you reporting the student for "insufficient levels of originality"? If you have a constructive comment, please feel free to email me directly blayjo...@gmail.com Gratefully, Jorge P.S. Apologies for potentially duplicate emails (aka, my not reaching sufficient levels of originality). Jorge A. Santiago-Blay, PhD blaypublishers.com 1. Positive experiences for authors of papers published in *LEB* http://blaypublishers.com/testimonials/ 2. Free examples of papers published in *LEB*: http://blaypublishers.com/category/previous-issues/. 3. *Guidelines for Authors* and page charges of *LEB*: http://blaypublishers.com/archives/ *.* 4. Want to subscribe to *LEB*? http://blaypublishers.com/subscriptions/ http://blayjorge.wordpress.com/ http://paleobiology.si.edu/staff/individuals/santiagoblay.cfm
[ECOLOG-L] Plagiarism in science courses - research project
Hello Ecologgers, I am doing a small study on plagiarism in science courses as part of an inquiry project for a graduate course in college teaching. This study was inspired by my own experiences with plagiarism as a teaching assistant for introductory entomology courses and one of the outcomes is to hopefully gather suggestions for addressing plagiarism issues in order to improve these courses. As part of the study I am asking faculty and teaching assistants a few key questions in order to better understand how other educators approach plagiarism and whether it modifies their approach to writing assignments. If any of you have experience teaching undergraduate science courses (and particularly general education courses) I would really appreciate your input on the questions below. You can send replies to kem...@gmail.com. * * *1) How do you define plagiarism? Are there different “degrees” of plagiarism? * *2) How do you educate your students about plagiarism? Do you encounter instances of plagiarism in your course(s)? If so, what assignments are associated with the highest rates of plagiarism?* *3) If you have encountered plagiarism, how did you detect it (software, change in student voice in a written assignment)? How did it make you feel? How did you deal with it (reprimand, academic sanctions)?* *4) If you have used plagiarism detection software, did you use it as a deterrent as well as a detection method (did your students know it was in use)? What were the positive and negative aspects of the software?* *5) Name one or two plagiarism prevention strategies you have used or heard about from colleagues. Have you tried any of these strategies (if so, how did it work out)?* *6) Have plagiarism issues motivated you to alter assignments or develop new assignments that enhance student learning about writing and the use of sources? Describe some of your approaches. * * * *Thanks for any input you can provide. * * * *-Kerry Mauck*
Re: On Plagiarism (i.e. misinterpretation)
This is where library research comes in. We have to try to make sure we are not passing on misinterpretations. If you want to cite something that Author B has paraphrased from a paper by Author A, then you really should find the original paper. How do you know Author B really understood what Author A wrote? So, it's our job to double-check. If you can't get Author A's paper, then cite '(Author A cited in Author B)' to show you have to rely on Author B's interpretation. CL [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: However, sometimes I have come across papers where the authors misinterpreted the original results or ideas, and thereby this misinterpretation was carried forward in their paraphrasing. This could be dangerous, especially if someone else were to quote the misinterpretation. ~~ Cara Lin Bridgman P.O. Box 013 Phone: 886-4-2632-5484 Longjing Sinjhuang Taichung 434 Taiwanhttp://web.thu.edu.tw/caralinb/www/ ~~
Re: plagiarism
Dear colleagues, Two more pennies/euro cents on plagiarism. I am at the beginning of my career and have up to now published four papers in peer-reviewed journals. For each of these papers, I have made a list of the colleagues I quoted the work from (based on the list of cited references) and have sent them a pdf of the final paper by e-mail. I think this practice prevents me from plagiarism, since I know that the quoted scientists will read the paper and look carefully for reference to their work. I have had positive feedback on this practice and I guess it is a good opportunity to advertise my work and build a network. Any thoughts about it? Cheers, Christophe. # Christophe Coudun, PhD Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics (CTCD) Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH United Kingdom tel. +44 (0)1420 526289 [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://ctcd.nerc.ac.uk + The Forestry Commission's computer systems may be monitored and communications carried out on them recorded, to secure the effective operation of the system and for other lawful purposes. + The original of this email was scanned for viruses by the Government Secure Intranet (GSi) virus scanning service supplied exclusively by Cable Wireless in partnership with MessageLabs. On leaving the GSi this email was certified virus-free
plagiarism
Hello, all This may not feel good to many of you, but I feel the need for a reality check. I will not paraphrase or quote the original thread, but I will add my original thoughts on the thread and the subsequent commentary. Many of the responses have the feeling of arrows being flown from ivory towers. A few responses have actually had constructive leads towards defining and preventing the various forms of plagiarism. I do not publish, for several reasons (nothing to publish, mostly) but have been an undergraduate and graduate student, and a professional, and I think the pressures on each are different, and a converse to not citing has not been addressed. I had (at least 4) classes as an undergraduate that were considered writing intensive courses, required if in the science majors. To the best of my knowledge there were no modules addressing plagiarism. As a graduate student at the same institution, I was not given formal training in what is plagiarism vs. some interpretation of what another researcher had found. I agree that quotation of published material without adequate citation is wrong, and perhaps paraphrasing is also worth penalizing, but rote condemnation is not the answer. I cannot think of an instance where I quoted published sources and did not cite them. I might have as an undrgrad, and not known that I was not supposed to, and if I did as a grad student, it would have been unintentional. As for paraphrasing, it is difficult as a student to know what is considered common knowledge vs new information. Depending on the biases of our advisors, the leaning of our universities/colleges/departments, some things are considered common knowledge or facts, while others find those tidbits of 'knowledge' to be speculation or conjecture. Not all of us have immediate access to JSTOR or university libraries. We may also not have time due to budget constraints (I work for GWBush) to do the totally inclusive literature search to find the totally obscure reference. That said, I do remember working hard to find references for my class papers and MS thesis that would totally disrupt readability, and supposedly substantiate what I had written. However, no one seems to care if their stuff is cited incorrectly, or without basis (as I think many citations in papers and theses are). I suppose for academics it is more important to notch citations in those indices that record such than to care if it is done appropriately. I acknowledge diversity among scientists, professionals and academics. This is not pointed at all. David Baker, Ecologist Central Oregon Interagency Ecology Program Deschutes National Forest 1001 SW Em Kay Dr. Bend, OR 97702 (541) 383-5424
Re: On Plagiarism
My students are bright enough to produce whole papers from carefully selected quotations. If they included citations and quotation marks, they are not plagiarizing, but neither are they writing. In science, we are biased against quotes. This is because we paraphrase. This isn't just to provide smooth transitions between cited ideas. Paraphrasing is evidence we understand what we read. In the Orient, so much of education emphasizes memorizing. Their test questions tend more towards 'Quote ABC on XXX.' I don't think this proves we understand ABC's ideas on XXX. So many of my own high school and college test questions were 'Explain XXX using your own words. CL Amartya Saha wrote: Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabellón Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -- ~~ Cara Lin Bridgman P.O. Box 013 Phone: 886-4-2632-5484 Longjing Sinjhuang Taichung 434 Taiwanhttp://web.thu.edu.tw/caralinb/www/ ~~
Re: Plagiarism, citation requirements, and conferences...
This is another very important issue. I have reviewers tell me that I could not cite papers because they were not peer reviewed. So, to properly attribute the ideas and the data, I am supposed to give the citation in the text, but giving the full citation in text every time I cite something is a huge waste of space (not to mention breaking up thoughts and sentences). So much of my information is from non-peer reviewed sources (park reports, conference proceedings). In fact, I usually need to cite the same grey literature sources repeatedly. I asked my adviser about what I should do about this. He had the same frustrations with this policy. As a way around it, he suggested publishing first in a journal without this policy and citing my paper in later publications. The problem with this is that I still cannot give credit where credit is due. Those reading my later papers will assume all citations of my earlier paper are referring to my own work and ideas. I think some journals have changed their policies, possibly recognizing the importance of recognizing data and ideas from non-peer reviewed sources. About five years ago Conservation Biology insisted on peer reviewed only. Looking at their literature cited sections now, I can see that policy has changed. CL Jonathan Greenberg wrote: William Silvert's story inspired me to ask a modified question on this topic -- some journals require that citations ONLY include peer-reviewed articles. I have heard horror stories (not me, fortunately) about researchers who have presented preliminary results at conferences, only to have these results appear (uncited) in an article by a person who attended this conference, who was simply faster getting the manuscript out the door. These ideas make me (early in my career) nervous when I present the more exciting, newer science I'm doing at conferences. Do journals that require only peer reviewed literature to appear in the article bibliographies need to rethink this approach? Personally, I think its ridiculous to restrict what an author feels is citable material, and I think that new authors need to be honest about where they heard ideas if they aren't their own -- conference proceedings, even the talks themselves, need to be cited. --j -- ~~ Cara Lin Bridgman P.O. Box 013 Phone: 886-4-2632-5484 Longjing Sinjhuang Taichung 434 Taiwanhttp://web.thu.edu.tw/caralinb/www/ ~~
Re: On Plagiarism
Hopefully my final 2-cents... at a roadside meeting with a state trooper, Ignorance of the law does not excuse you from responsibility. Still, innocent plagiarism is an opportunity for education but does not absolve one from guilt nor responsibility. Scott --- Scott Ruhren, Ph.D. Senior Director of Conservation Audubon Society of Rhode Island 12 Sanderson Road Smithfield, RI 02917-2600 401-949-5454 -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Charles Welden Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2006 12:36 PM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: Re: On Plagiarism As I understand it, the reason for this is that in science the =20 precise words the original author used are not considered important, =20 but the ideas are. So you express the ideas in your own words and =20 give credit to their author. Often you can state the ideas in a way =20 more immediately relevant to the matter at hand, and perhaps more =20 economically. I don't think that one is trying to avoid plagiarism by =20= changing the wording; the important thing is to give credit where =20 credit is due. In the humanities, especially literature and drama =20 perhaps, the author's original words may be as important as, or more =20 important than, the idea expressed (To be or not to be - =20 Shakespeare). Indeed the wording may be the subject of discussion. So =20= one would quote verbatim, with attribution. Again, the crucial point =20 is to give due credit to the originator. Charles On Oct 4, 2006, at 9:04 AM, Amartya Saha wrote: Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting =20 literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed =20= to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper =20= would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in =20 one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one =20= rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and =20 referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabell=F3n Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com Charles Welden Department of Biology Southern Oregon University Ashland, OR 97520 USA 541-552-6868 (voice) 541-552-6415 (fax) [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: On Plagiarism
While I understand Claras reservation, I think we should think that there should be a larger role for quotes. Finding the right words is difficult and if somebody has found a genial way of expressing himself, why not use his words as a quote. It is, however, true that if quotes make up more than a few % of a paper it is an indication that something is wrong. Frank Cara Lin Bridgman wrote: My students are bright enough to produce whole papers from carefully selected quotations. If they included citations and quotation marks, they are not plagiarizing, but neither are they writing. In science, we are biased against quotes. This is because we paraphrase. This isn't just to provide smooth transitions between cited ideas. Paraphrasing is evidence we understand what we read. In the Orient, so much of education emphasizes memorizing. Their test questions tend more towards 'Quote ABC on XXX.' I don't think this proves we understand ABC's ideas on XXX. So many of my own high school and college test questions were 'Explain XXX using your own words. CL Amartya Saha wrote: Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabellón Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -- Frank Berninger Professeur / Chaire du Canada en productivité foréstière Département des sciences biologiques CP Succ Centre Ville Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC H3P 3P8 Canada tel 1 514 987 3000 ext 1644 fax 1 514 987 4647
Re: On Plagiarism
I agree that paraphrasing requires one to understand the material one references, as well as express it more concisely ( in the interests of space ). However, sometimes I have come across papers where the authors misinterpreted the original results or ideas, and thereby this misinterpretation was carried forward in their paraphrasing. This could be dangerous, especially if someone else were to quote the misinterpretation. Well this is a completely different issue, but about education in the Orient, I don't know if its mostly memorizing. My undergraduate institute heavily focussed on understanding basic principles and applying them. But again perhaps thats a basic difference between engineering and biology. Thanks for your views. amartya Quoting Cara Lin Bridgman [EMAIL PROTECTED]: My students are bright enough to produce whole papers from carefully selected quotations. If they included citations and quotation marks, they are not plagiarizing, but neither are they writing. In science, we are biased against quotes. This is because we paraphrase. This isn't just to provide smooth transitions between cited ideas. Paraphrasing is evidence we understand what we read. In the Orient, so much of education emphasizes memorizing. Their test questions tend more towards 'Quote ABC on XXX.' I don't think this proves we understand ABC's ideas on XXX. So many of my own high school and college test questions were 'Explain XXX using your own words. CL Amartya Saha wrote: Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabellón Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -- ~~ Cara Lin Bridgman P.O. Box 013 Phone: 886-4-2632-5484 Longjing Sinjhuang Taichung 434 Taiwanhttp://web.thu.edu.tw/caralinb/www/ ~~
Re: plagiarism
Try these two handouts from the University of Toronto College Writing Workshop, one of the best of the writing and grammar sites on the web that I use for my classes: http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/plagsep.html http://www.utoronto.ca/ucwriting/paraphrase.html Diane Henshel On 10/4/06, David Whitacre [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have always been a bit unclear on when paraphrasing verges on = plagiarism. When one is citing a paper (freely giving credit for the = idea being expressed) and paraphrasing so as to avoid plagiarism and = avoid the need for quotes (which seem lame when over-used), it is = sometimes tempting to stay fairly close to the original wording because = it is difficult to say the thing any better. How much must one change = the wording to avoid plagiarism? If one uses ANY PORTION of a comment = identically to the original statement, must quotes be used? Certainly, = if an entire sentence is duplicated, quotes would be mandatory. But what = about where a portion of a sentence is the same, with other portions = modified? Or should one always strive for a radically different sentence = construction to convey the same idea, still of course citing the source = of the idea? -- Diane Henshel Indiana University 1315 E 10th #340 Bloomington, IN 47405 812 855-4556 P 812 855-7802 F [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: On Plagiarism
Scott writes: Hopefully my final 2-cents... at a roadside meeting with a state trooper, Ignorance of the law does not excuse you from responsibility. Still, innocent plagiarism is an opportunity for education but does not absolve one from guilt nor responsibility. Einstein once said, The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources. Wirt Atmar
Re: plagiarism
I'm mainly interested in moving from student plagiarism back to plagiarism in submitted manuscripts. Are there any data on plagiarism frequencies in publications or manuscripts submitted for publication? Or is plagiarism such a dirty secret that no one wants to talk about it? I've found several examples of already published plagiarism (peer review and conference proceedings; including two paragraphs and a table from my thesis) and in one class, my teacher pointed out another case, calling it 'sleazy'. As far as my own students go, I generally spot plagiarism because their English is so bad that the one or two intelligible sentences had to have been copied. I have nowhere near read enough to spot plagiarism through my own knowledge of the literature. Most of my students are writing in and citing literature from areas much removed from my own. I do see it as my job to teach them that plagiarism is absolutely NOT ok. Frankly, if they've gotten as far as graduate school and do not know plagiarism is a sin, then they had better learn in my class. In fact, I promise them on the first day of class that if they plagiarize (and I define this, give examples, and assign homework), they will fail the class. This also means I have to meet with their adviser to explain why they failed. Failing my class, however, does not keep them from getting their degree. My problem has been that quite a few colleagues do not agree with my policy. In fact, I had to quit teaching in one department, because the professors could not accept that almost all their students were failing my class because of plagiarism (so this department obviously had more trouble with the idea of failing than the idea of plagiarism). If the advisers do not believe plagiarism is wrong, then why should the students pay any attention? The most frequent excuse is language; English is a second (or third) language for students and advisers. The second excuse is related to language, i.e. they 'want the paper to be perfect.' CL ~~ Cara Lin Bridgman P.O. Box 013 Phone: 886-4-2632-5484 Longjing Sinjhuang Taichung 434 Taiwanhttp://web.thu.edu.tw/caralinb/www/ ~~
Plagiarism and ESA policy
The Ecological Society of America's Code of Ethics (http://www.esa.org/aboutesa/governance/codeofethics.php) clearly addresses plagerism Ecologists will not plagiarize in verbal or written communication, but will give full and proper credit to the works and ideas of others, and make every effort to avoid misrepresentation. ... When using ideas or results of others in manuscripts submitted for publication, researchers will give full attribution of sources. If the ideas or results have not been published, they may not be used without permission of the original researcher. Illustrations or tables from other publications or manuscripts may be used only with permission of the copyright owner. During the period I served as Editor in Chief for _Ecology_ and _Ecological Monographs_ the issue of plagiarism would come up from time to time. I worked with the ESA Professional Ethics Committee (at that time chaired by Kerry Woods) to develop a policy and adjudication procedure. That policy, reproduced below, is available on the ESA publications website (http://esapubs.org/esapubs/conditions.htm#Eth). Adherence to the ESA Code of Ethics Authors should adhere to the ESA Code of Ethics; it deals with authorship, plagiarism, fraud, unauthorized use of data, copyrights, errors, confidentiality, intellectual property, attribution, willful delay of publication, and conflicts of interest, as well as other matters that are not specific to the publication process. The following general principles will be adhered to in dealing with situations where an author's ethics are in question. --- Manuscripts submitted to ESA journals are confidential. We will not normally reveal whether an author has submitted a manuscript to us or what a particular manuscript might contain, unless the authors ask that we do so. To do otherwise would be to compromise the ability of an author to obtain proper credit for his or her discoveries. --- In the event that a private individual reports to us concerns about the ethics of a particular author, we will take note of such concerns and watch for any manuscript by that author that might represent questionable ethical practices. --- If ESA has reason to doubt the ethical practices of an author of a manuscript, either because of concern raised by an editor, or because of information obtained from some other source, the Editor-in-Chief will process the manuscript in accordance with normal practice, but will simultaneously refer the matter to the ESA Professional Ethics Committee for review. The Committee will conduct whatever investigation it feels appropriate, taking care not to inadvertently damage the reputation of any of the parties concerned. The Editor-in-Chief will received the advice of the Committee and decide a course of action in consultation with the Executive Director of the Society. == Robert K. Peet, Professor Chair Phone: 919-962-6942 Curriculum in Ecology, CB#3275Fax:919-962-6930 University of North Carolina Cell: 919-368-4971 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3275 USA Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.unc.edu/depts/ecology/ http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/peet/ ==
Re: 7 more messages on the plagiarism topic
One suggestion is to reproduce verbatim (with citation of course!!!) the institution's policy on plagiarism and academic integrity in every syllabus handed out. I do this and review this when handing out syllabi at the beginning of the course. The next step I take is lecturing on citing literature when introducing written assignments. Best to have an upfront approach. Sincerely, Scott --- Scott Ruhren, Ph.D. Senior Director of Conservation Audubon Society of Rhode Island 12 Sanderson Road Smithfield, RI 02917-2600 401-949-5454 -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of David Inouye Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 9:15 PM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: 7 more messages on the plagiarism topic On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant proposals? (I was, for quite a few years, on ESA's Professional Ethics Committee, and this issue periodically came under discussion. I've been on editorial boards for quite a while, and there's been little explicit discussion there...) Kerry Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 [EMAIL PROTECTED] faculty.bennington.edu/~kwoods I think that plagiarism is one of the lowest things that you can do, and I think my opinion on that would be the same as everybody else on this list. However, I do take exception to the following rule from the institution at which Russell Burke is employed: Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case of plagiarism. Conviction can occur even in the absence of proof of plagiarism Huh? If I was a student at this particular institution that was CONVICTED OF PLAGIARISM WITHOUT PROOF OF ME HAVING PLAGIARIZED then my first question would be Who do I sue to get my reputation back? Maybe that is part of the reason that nobody really tries to do much about this sort of thing. - Juha Metsaranta [EMAIL PROTECTED] If they are so desperate to be recognized, then by all means publish their names. I would suggest the ESA have a comittee to review offenses and publish the names of cheaters and their coauthors at the annual business meeting. Senior faculty authors will be much more careful in the pre-review process if they may be also humiliated along with errant students. Cheating for coursework is deplorable, submitting plagarism for peer review can not be condoned. Sincerely, Jim Sparks On 10/3/06, Jesien [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If that is the student's fourth documented occurrence of plagiarism, you can rest assured that there was a whole lot more that was undocumented. I ...snip... Received: from md2.mail.umd.edu (IDENT:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [128.8.31.175]) by listserv.umd.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k93NcDss020451 for ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu; Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from David600m.umd.edu (144b-309.umd.edu [129.2.39.53]) by md2.mail.umd.edu (MOS 3.7.5a-GA) with ESMTP id BQF77917 (AUTH inouye); Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 Date: Tue, 03 Oct 2006 19:38:04 -0400 To: ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu From: David Inouye [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: 6 more responses on plagiarism thread Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed X-Junkmail-Whitelist: YES (by domain whitelist at md2.mail.umd.edu) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by listserv.umd.edu id k93NcDss020452 On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant
On Plagiarism
Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabellón Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com
Re: Plagiarism and ESA policy
Robert et al; The comments below pertain only to scholarly publication and NOT classroom/student plagiarism: How does one distinguish between plagiarism and contemporaneous development of similar ideas? Leibniz and Newton both developed calculus during the same period and recent evidence suggests that Archimedes developed the idea a few hundred years previously. Who gets credit and who is plagiarizing? Similarly, Alfred Wallace sent a manuscript to Darwin containing virtually the identical concept of Chuck's natural selection. What if he had sent the manuscript for publication, would Darwin have a case for plagiarism even though the two had never met? How do we know that so called plagiarists are not simply independently arriving at the same concept? David Bryant Ipswich, MA On Oct 4, 2006, at 6:33 AM, Robert K. Peet wrote: The Ecological Society of America's Code of Ethics (http://www.esa.org/aboutesa/governance/codeofethics.php) clearly addresses plagerism Ecologists will not plagiarize in verbal or written communication, but will give full and proper credit to the works and ideas of others, and make every effort to avoid misrepresentation. ... When using ideas or results of others in manuscripts submitted for publication, researchers will give full attribution of sources. If the ideas or results have not been published, they may not be used without permission of the original researcher. Illustrations or tables from other publications or manuscripts may be used only with permission of the copyright owner. During the period I served as Editor in Chief for _Ecology_ and _Ecological Monographs_ the issue of plagiarism would come up from time to time. I worked with the ESA Professional Ethics Committee (at that time chaired by Kerry Woods) to develop a policy and adjudication procedure. That policy, reproduced below, is available on the ESA publications website (http://esapubs.org/esapubs/conditions.htm#Eth). Adherence to the ESA Code of Ethics Authors should adhere to the ESA Code of Ethics; it deals with authorship, plagiarism, fraud, unauthorized use of data, copyrights, errors, confidentiality, intellectual property, attribution, willful delay of publication, and conflicts of interest, as well as other matters that are not specific to the publication process. The following general principles will be adhered to in dealing with situations where an author's ethics are in question. --- Manuscripts submitted to ESA journals are confidential. We will not normally reveal whether an author has submitted a manuscript to us or what a particular manuscript might contain, unless the authors ask that we do so. To do otherwise would be to compromise the ability of an author to obtain proper credit for his or her discoveries. --- In the event that a private individual reports to us concerns about the ethics of a particular author, we will take note of such concerns and watch for any manuscript by that author that might represent questionable ethical practices. --- If ESA has reason to doubt the ethical practices of an author of a manuscript, either because of concern raised by an editor, or because of information obtained from some other source, the Editor-in-Chief will process the manuscript in accordance with normal practice, but will simultaneously refer the matter to the ESA Professional Ethics Committee for review. The Committee will conduct whatever investigation it feels appropriate, taking care not to inadvertently damage the reputation of any of the parties concerned. The Editor-in-Chief will received the advice of the Committee and decide a course of action in consultation with the Executive Director of the Society. == Robert K. Peet, Professor Chair Phone: 919-962-6942 Curriculum in Ecology, CB#3275Fax:919-962-6930 University of North Carolina Cell: 919-368-4971 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3275 USA Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.unc.edu/depts/ecology/ http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/peet/ ==
Re: On Plagiarism
Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabellón Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com
Plagiarism: A Student's Perspective
I have always been somewhat frightened by the zero-tolerance policy of academic institutions toward plagiarism. This is, in part, because I feel it would be very easy to accidentally commit plagiarism by simply forgetting to insert a citation. In my view, there are at least five types of plagiarism, and all require different responses. 1. Cheating. Entire papers or large sections are copied and presented as original work. This is most likely to occur in a university context and should deserve a harsh response. 2. Malicious plagiarism. Citations are intentionally omitted in order to make others' work appear to be original. This can occur in professional journals and in schools and deserves punishment, although unfortunately it can be difficult to separate this from the next category. 3. Negligent plagiarism. Citations are omitted with no intention of plagiarizing. This can occur simply by accident (some spelling errors slip into journals) or can be more subtle. Scientists are constantly reading journal articles, and our thought processes are inevitably influenced by our reading, perhaps in ways that we don't always recognize. It is therefore entirely possible to write a non-original idea while personally believing that the idea is yours. This type of plagiarism should be minimized, but in my opinion should not be punished unless it occurs often enough to demonstrate sloppy practices. 4. Word-choice plagiarism. Writers who are new to English or new to scientific writing styles are tempted to copy sentences word-for-word from articles, changing minor details to make the meaning correct. While this is clearly plagiarism by definition, it is not a stealing of concepts, ideas, or results per se, and it may represent a positive step toward learning the mechanics of scientific writing. 5. Misattribution. I personally know several students who find it easier to write first and cite later. Inevitably, this leads to some ideas attributed to the wrong authors and a few omitted citations. This is certainly sloppy behavior, but not outright malicious and so in my opinion not deserving of a harsh punishment unless it continues after several warnings. Zero-tolerance makes sense for actions which are always intentional (i.e. a minor cannot accidentally consume alcohol), but not for plagiarism, which may result from accidental omission or an incomplete knowledge of citation procedures. School is about teaching the best practices and minimizing mistakes, not about punishing those who make mistakes. Unless large-scale cheating has occurred or plagiarism has occurred numerous times, I feel that failure or expulsion as a consequence of plagiarism is not justified. Mark Luterra Carleton College Northfield, MN
Re: Plagiarism and ESA policy
There are many cases of scientists independently arriving at the same idea, but normally plagiarism means that one has directly copied from anothers work, as evidenced by similar or identical wording. Theft of ideas is harder to prove. Sometimes someone is sitting on an idea, then finds out that someone else is about to publish, so he rushes into print. That is a harder issue to address. Since some of the posters on this topic write from an editorial perspective, I would add that the worst case of (attempted) theft of ideas occurred back in the 1970s when I submitted a paper to the American Naturalist. After waiting for a decision for about a year and receiving no reply to numerous letters I went to their office and spoke to the editor in person. He informed me that he had sent the ms. to a member of their editorial board, who replied that he had a student working on the same problem and asked that he hold up the ms. until the student had a chance to publish. Wow! (The paper was of course withdrawn and very quickly accepted by Math. Biosci.) Bill Silvert - Original Message - From: David Bryant [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2006 4:54 PM Subject: Re: Plagiarism and ESA policy Robert et al; The comments below pertain only to scholarly publication and NOT classroom/student plagiarism: How does one distinguish between plagiarism and contemporaneous development of similar ideas? Leibniz and Newton both developed calculus during the same period and recent evidence suggests that Archimedes developed the idea a few hundred years previously. Who gets credit and who is plagiarizing? Similarly, Alfred Wallace sent a manuscript to Darwin containing virtually the identical concept of Chuck's natural selection. What if he had sent the manuscript for publication, would Darwin have a case for plagiarism even though the two had never met? How do we know that so called plagiarists are not simply independently arriving at the same concept? David Bryant Ipswich, MA
Re: Plagiarism and ESA policy
Bill, Yes I'm aware of the semantic distinction but was providing innocent examples that may have ostensibly been seen as scurrilous. In the example you cite I would have been hard pressed not to issue a formal complaint regarding the ethics of both the editor and the board member, with the vow never to submit to the journal on the future. David Bryant On Oct 4, 2006, at 12:36 PM, William Silvert wrote: There are many cases of scientists independently arriving at the same idea, but normally plagiarism means that one has directly copied from anothers work, as evidenced by similar or identical wording. Theft of ideas is harder to prove. Sometimes someone is sitting on an idea, then finds out that someone else is about to publish, so he rushes into print. That is a harder issue to address. Since some of the posters on this topic write from an editorial perspective, I would add that the worst case of (attempted) theft of ideas occurred back in the 1970s when I submitted a paper to the American Naturalist. After waiting for a decision for about a year and receiving no reply to numerous letters I went to their office and spoke to the editor in person. He informed me that he had sent the ms. to a member of their editorial board, who replied that he had a student working on the same problem and asked that he hold up the ms. until the student had a chance to publish. Wow! (The paper was of course withdrawn and very quickly accepted by Math. Biosci.) Bill Silvert - Original Message - From: David Bryant [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2006 4:54 PM Subject: Re: Plagiarism and ESA policy Robert et al; The comments below pertain only to scholarly publication and NOT classroom/student plagiarism: How does one distinguish between plagiarism and contemporaneous development of similar ideas? Leibniz and Newton both developed calculus during the same period and recent evidence suggests that Archimedes developed the idea a few hundred years previously. Who gets credit and who is plagiarizing? Similarly, Alfred Wallace sent a manuscript to Darwin containing virtually the identical concept of Chuck's natural selection. What if he had sent the manuscript for publication, would Darwin have a case for plagiarism even though the two had never met? How do we know that so called plagiarists are not simply independently arriving at the same concept? David Bryant Ipswich, MA
plagiarism
I have always been a bit unclear on when paraphrasing verges on = plagiarism. When one is citing a paper (freely giving credit for the = idea being expressed) and paraphrasing so as to avoid plagiarism and = avoid the need for quotes (which seem lame when over-used), it is = sometimes tempting to stay fairly close to the original wording because = it is difficult to say the thing any better. How much must one change = the wording to avoid plagiarism? If one uses ANY PORTION of a comment = identically to the original statement, must quotes be used? Certainly, = if an entire sentence is duplicated, quotes would be mandatory. But what = about where a portion of a sentence is the same, with other portions = modified? Or should one always strive for a radically different sentence = construction to convey the same idea, still of course citing the source = of the idea?
Re: On Plagiarism
As I understand it, the reason for this is that in science the =20 precise words the original author used are not considered important, =20 but the ideas are. So you express the ideas in your own words and =20 give credit to their author. Often you can state the ideas in a way =20 more immediately relevant to the matter at hand, and perhaps more =20 economically. I don't think that one is trying to avoid plagiarism by =20= changing the wording; the important thing is to give credit where =20 credit is due. In the humanities, especially literature and drama =20 perhaps, the author's original words may be as important as, or more =20 important than, the idea expressed (To be or not to be - =20 Shakespeare). Indeed the wording may be the subject of discussion. So =20= one would quote verbatim, with attribution. Again, the crucial point =20 is to give due credit to the originator. Charles On Oct 4, 2006, at 9:04 AM, Amartya Saha wrote: Hello all, for quite some time i have had some confusion over quoting =20 literature, and perhaps this plagiarism thread could offer some ideas.. If one were to quote a paper, i have heard that one is NOT supposed =20= to directly lift a sentence or para or any parts thereof, even though the paper =20= would be quoted as a reference. Instead, one has to paraphrase the same in =20 one's own words. Is this true ? If so, the logic fails me. How does it matter if one =20= rephrases the sentence, when the idea or result has been copied ( and =20 referenced of course ). Thanks for any views amartya Quoting Abraham de Alba [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dear Ecologgers: It might seem odd to say this, but the problem is that in our education (as in yours) knowledge has been at the top, NOT values (or ethics for that matter). But then again, japanese (that supposebly do stress values before knowledge) also have been known to trip on plagiarism. So I guess a simple problem has complex social solutions (nothing new there). PAbraham de Alba Avila/P PTerrestrial Plant Ecology/P PINIFAP-Ags/P P Ap. postal 20,/P P Pabell=F3n Arteaga, 20660/P P Aguascalientes, MEXICO/P P Tel: (465) 95-801-67, 801-86 ext. 118, FAX ext 102 alternate: [EMAIL PROTECTED] cel: 449-157-7070/P __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com Charles Welden Department of Biology Southern Oregon University Ashland, OR 97520 USA 541-552-6868 (voice) 541-552-6415 (fax) [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Duke's plagiarism tutorial
Hello, Duke University has recently unveiled a Plagiarism Tutorial (https://plagiarism. duke.edu) that all first year students must complete before registering for Spring semester. While this type of tool might not prevent intentional plagiarism, perhaps it will alert students to some of the subtleties of citing sources. Rebecca L. Vidra Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow University Writing Program Duke University
Re: Plagiarism: A Student's Perspective
Mark, Your post reads so well I am tempted to consider plagiarism! :) Thank you for a very thoughtful perspective. I was saddened to read that this behavior is on the rise, but I agree with you: we can't throw out the baby with the bathwater. By the way, do I need a citation for that proverb? David Thomson -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Markael Luterra Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2006 7:07 AM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: Plagiarism: A Student's Perspective I have always been somewhat frightened by the zero-tolerance policy of academic institutions toward plagiarism. This is, in part, because I feel it would be very easy to accidentally commit plagiarism by simply forgetting to insert a citation. In my view, there are at least five types of plagiarism, and all require different responses. 1. Cheating. Entire papers or large sections are copied and presented as original work. This is most likely to occur in a university context and should deserve a harsh response. 2. Malicious plagiarism. Citations are intentionally omitted in order to make others' work appear to be original. This can occur in professional journals and in schools and deserves punishment, although unfortunately it can be difficult to separate this from the next category. 3. Negligent plagiarism. Citations are omitted with no intention of plagiarizing. This can occur simply by accident (some spelling errors slip into journals) or can be more subtle. Scientists are constantly reading journal articles, and our thought processes are inevitably influenced by our reading, perhaps in ways that we don't always recognize. It is therefore entirely possible to write a non-original idea while personally believing that the idea is yours. This type of plagiarism should be minimized, but in my opinion should not be punished unless it occurs often enough to demonstrate sloppy practices. 4. Word-choice plagiarism. Writers who are new to English or new to scientific writing styles are tempted to copy sentences word-for-word from articles, changing minor details to make the meaning correct. While this is clearly plagiarism by definition, it is not a stealing of concepts, ideas, or results per se, and it may represent a positive step toward learning the mechanics of scientific writing. 5. Misattribution. I personally know several students who find it easier to write first and cite later. Inevitably, this leads to some ideas attributed to the wrong authors and a few omitted citations. This is certainly sloppy behavior, but not outright malicious and so in my opinion not deserving of a harsh punishment unless it continues after several warnings. Zero-tolerance makes sense for actions which are always intentional (i.e. a minor cannot accidentally consume alcohol), but not for plagiarism, which may result from accidental omission or an incomplete knowledge of citation procedures. School is about teaching the best practices and minimizing mistakes, not about punishing those who make mistakes. Unless large-scale cheating has occurred or plagiarism has occurred numerous times, I feel that failure or expulsion as a consequence of plagiarism is not justified. Mark Luterra Carleton College Northfield, MN
Re: 7 more messages on the plagiarism topic
How do people feel about plagiarizing your own work? I once reviewed a paper where 2/3 of the Discussion section was identical to the author's Discussion section from his previous paper published in a journal that held the copyright. The author even switched the order of these identical paragraphs suggesting that the plagiarism was intentional. The editor, much to my surprise, did not reprimand the author, rather he accepted the paper under the provision that the author rewrite the Discussion. Was this the correct response on the part of the editor? Is this even considered plagiarism in the minds of our ecological community? Is this less offensive than plagiarizing someone else's work or is plagiarism plagiarism? On 10/3/06, David Inouye [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant proposals? (I was, for quite a few years, on ESA's Professional Ethics Committee, and this issue periodically came under discussion. I've been on editorial boards for quite a while, and there's been little explicit discussion there...) Kerry Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 [EMAIL PROTECTED] faculty.bennington.edu/~kwoods I think that plagiarism is one of the lowest things that you can do, and I think my opinion on that would be the same as everybody else on this list. However, I do take exception to the following rule from the institution at which Russell Burke is employed: Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case of plagiarism. Conviction can occur even in the absence of proof of plagiarism Huh? If I was a student at this particular institution that was CONVICTED OF PLAGIARISM WITHOUT PROOF OF ME HAVING PLAGIARIZED then my first question would be Who do I sue to get my reputation back? Maybe that is part of the reason that nobody really tries to do much about this sort of thing. - Juha Metsaranta [EMAIL PROTECTED] If they are so desperate to be recognized, then by all means publish their names. I would suggest the ESA have a comittee to review offenses and publish the names of cheaters and their coauthors at the annual business meeting. Senior faculty authors will be much more careful in the pre-review process if they may be also humiliated along with errant students. Cheating for coursework is deplorable, submitting plagarism for peer review can not be condoned. Sincerely, Jim Sparks On 10/3/06, Jesien [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If that is the student's fourth documented occurrence of plagiarism, you can rest assured that there was a whole lot more that was undocumented. I ...snip... Received: from md2.mail.umd.edu (IDENT:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [128.8.31.175]) by listserv.umd.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k93NcDss020451 for ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu; Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from David600m.umd.edu (144b-309.umd.edu [129.2.39.53]) by md2.mail.umd.edu (MOS 3.7.5a-GA) with ESMTP id BQF77917 (AUTH inouye); Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 Date: Tue, 03 Oct 2006 19:38:04 -0400 To: ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu From: David Inouye [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: 6 more responses on plagiarism thread Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed X-Junkmail-Whitelist: YES (by domain whitelist at md2.mail.umd.edu) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by listserv.umd.edu id k93NcDss020452 On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper
plagiarism
Dear All, I recently reviewed a manuscript that plagiarized from at least two of my papers. Based on my findings, the editor quickly rejected the manuscript and discouraged the authors from submitting it elsewhere. After sharing the experience with my colleagues, I was surprised at the disparity in their reactions. Some were disgusted by the plagiarism (as I was), while others would have been flattered if their text had been copied. Although I am happy to know that the manuscript was rejected, I am not totally convinced that the punishment (i.e., rejected manuscript) fit the crime given that the manuscript may have been rejected anyway - regardless of the plagiarism. My questions to the group have to do with how you feel about plagiarism and plagiarists. (1) Is this a common phenomenon? (2) How should plagiarists be handled? Thanks for your feedback. Alan Alan E. Wilson CILER - University of Michigan 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] office: 734-741-2293; cell: 770-722-9075; fax: 509-356-5349 website: http://ciler.snre.umich.edu/research/profiles/wilson/wilsonprofile.html
Re: plagiarism
Alan, I am sorry to hear that some of your manuscripts were plagiarized. I also feel that these instances will only increase in occurrence in the coming years, based upon the ease with which scientists, students, etc. can find and transfer this information, the extreme bulk of information out there and the inability to read all of it, and the move towards non-peer-reviewed journals (see Science in the News from just yesterday http://www.americanscientist.org/template/NewsletterDirect). Recently, the engineering department at Ohio University found that a number of students had plagiarized a fair amount of text (constituting a full investigation, faculty reprimands, and potential revoking of awarded degrees, if my memory serves me correctly) and I don't imagine that this is the only school where the problem exists. All the best, joe Joseph David Conroy, M.S. Doctoral Candidate Department of EEOB The Ohio State University Department Address Office Address 300 Aronoff Laboratory 1250A Museum of Biological Diversity 318 W. 12th Avenue 1315 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio 43210Columbus, Ohio 43212 Office: (614) 292-5230 Mobile: (614) 537-2449 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Webpage: http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~eeob/limnologylab/joeconroy/joeconroy_titlepage.htm Let the experiment be made. - Benjamin Franklin There is something fascinating about science. One gets such a wholesale return of conjecture out of a trifling investment of fact. - Mark Twain Torture statistics long enough and they will confess to anything. - Gregg Easterbrook At 07:46 AM 10/3/2006, Alan Wilson wrote: Dear All, I recently reviewed a manuscript that plagiarized from at least two of my papers. Based on my findings, the editor quickly rejected the manuscript and discouraged the authors from submitting it elsewhere. After sharing the experience with my colleagues, I was surprised at the disparity in their reactions. Some were disgusted by the plagiarism (as I was), while others would have been flattered if their text had been copied. Although I am happy to know that the manuscript was rejected, I am not totally convinced that the punishment (i.e., rejected manuscript) fit the crime given that the manuscript may have been rejected anyway - regardless of the plagiarism. My questions to the group have to do with how you feel about plagiarism and plagiarists. (1) Is this a common phenomenon? (2) How should plagiarists be handled? Thanks for your feedback. Alan Alan E. Wilson CILER - University of Michigan 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] office: 734-741-2293; cell: 770-722-9075; fax: 509-356-5349 website: http://ciler.snre.umich.edu/research/profiles/wilson/wilsonprofile.html Content-Type: text/plain; name=CANIT-VOTING-LINKS-79711777-15854ae1260e.txt Content-Disposition: inline; filename=CANIT-VOTING-LINKS-79711777-15854ae1260e.txt Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.420 (Entity 5.420) -- BEGIN-ANTISPAM-VOTING-LINKS -- Teach CanIt if this mail (ID 79711777) is spam: Spam:https://antispam.osu.edu/b.php?c=si=79711777m=15854ae1260e Not spam:https://antispam.osu.edu/b.php?c=ni=79711777m=15854ae1260e Forget vote: https://antispam.osu.edu/b.php?c=fi=79711777m=15854ae1260e -- END-ANTISPAM-VOTING-LINKS
Re: plagiarism
Alan, Plagiarism has many forms, some quite subtle. It is incumbent upon us to teach our students, particularly graduate students, about the forms of academic dishonesty and how to recognize and avoid treacherous ground. I include below a snippet from a handout on academic dishonesty that I use in a graduate seminar that focuses on professional skills. Geoff --- ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: Assorted sordid things that ought not to be done or even considered! There are many acts - both of commission and omission - that constitute ill deeds in the academe. Of particular concern for graduate students are the misdeeds of Fabrication Falsification and Plagiarism. Falsification involves altering data or information. Fabrication is more creative in that it involves invention or counterfeiting of data or information. Both of these activities are cardinal sins in science because the development of scientific knowledge depends upon the reliability of results and the trustworthiness of conclusions. Pseudo-data mislead. Spin misinforms. Authentic negative results are more valuable and more informative than false positive results. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary tells us that plagiary derives from the Latin words for kidnapper (plagiarius) and kidnapping (plagium), which in turn come from the Greek word plagios that Liddell and Scott's An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon relates to mean slanting, oblique, not straightforward, crooked, treacherous. In English, the term plagiarist was first used to describe a literary thief: one who steals the words and phrases of another without attribution. From our grammar school days, we are all familiar with the customary precautions against plagiarism: Don't copy out of that encyclopedia! and Include your sources in the bibliography! The rules are different in graduate school and in the scientific community at large. For those that deal in the realm of concepts, hypotheses, and speculations, the plagiarism of ideas is an ever-present risk. What is original versus what is reinvented or rediscovered? It is critical that you work through the relevant extant literature in preparation for grappling with your own data. The literature provides the accumulated experience of many bright minds: it can illuminate the path to your work. Be careful to acknowledge those that assist you, whether their assistance derives from written material or verbal exchanges. Finally, don't underestimate the ability of professors to identify plagiaristic passages. More than likely, they know the literature better than you! |||//*\\||| Geoffrey M. Henebry, Ph.D., C.S.E. Professor of Biology and Geography Senior Research Scientist Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE) Wecota Hall, Box 506B South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007-3510 voice: 605-688-5351 (-5227 FAX) email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] web: http://globalmonitoring.sdstate.edu -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Alan Wilson Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 6:46 AM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: [ECOLOG-L] plagiarism Dear All, I recently reviewed a manuscript that plagiarized from at least two of my papers. Based on my findings, the editor quickly rejected the manuscript and discouraged the authors from submitting it elsewhere. After sharing the experience with my colleagues, I was surprised at the disparity in their reactions. Some were disgusted by the plagiarism (as I was), while others would have been flattered if their text had been copied. Although I am happy to know that the manuscript was rejected, I am not totally convinced that the punishment (i.e., rejected manuscript) fit the crime given that the manuscript may have been rejected anyway - regardless of the plagiarism. My questions to the group have to do with how you feel about plagiarism and plagiarists. (1) Is this a common phenomenon? (2) How should plagiarists be handled? Thanks for your feedback. Alan Alan E. Wilson CILER - University of Michigan 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] office: 734-741-2293; cell: 770-722-9075; fax: 509-356-5349 website: http://ciler.snre.umich.edu/research/profiles/wilson/wilsonprofile.html
Re: plagiarism
Unfortunately there are many forms of academic dishonesty, some of which are of epidemic proportion. Plagiarism is bad, but I think the practice of ripping vital pages out of books on reserve is worse. As for the comment that the internet faclitates plagiarism, it also facilitates finding it - just search for a suspicious phrase. I used to teach physics and we routinely set up lab experiments in which it was impossible to get the right (i.e., textbook) answer. Honest students learned that some experimental procedures are biassed. Others got caught, and unfortunately this often included the majority of students. Bill Silvert - Original Message - From: Henebry, Geoffrey [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 4:42 PM Subject: Re: plagiarism ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: Assorted sordid things that ought not to be done or even considered! There are many acts - both of commission and omission - that constitute ill deeds in the academe. Of particular concern for graduate students are the misdeeds of Fabrication Falsification and Plagiarism...
Re: plagiarism
Sent that last message too fast. http://www.wam.umd.edu/~toh/research/ http://library.sau.edu/bestinfo/Faculty/plagiarism.htm Call weekdays, evenings and weekends. Leave your phone number/best time = to return your call and/or your e-mail address if we are on another line = or away from our phones.=20 Sincerely, J. Michael Nolan, Director =20 Rainforest and Reef 501 (c)(3) non-profit *= *** Outstanding-Affordable Field Courses in Rainforest Marine Ecology Spanish Immersion offered in Mexico, Costa Rica,=20 Nicaragua, Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru Web: http://iwanttolearnspanish.org (being updated for 07) United States: Rainforest and Reef 501 (c)(3) non-profit P.O. Box 141543 Grand Rapids, Michigan 49514-1543 USA Phone: 1.616.604.0546=20 Toll Free: 1.877.255.3721 Skype Phone: mikenolan1 Live Chat and Phone MS Live Messenger: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Live Chat AOL: buddythemacaw E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] or [EMAIL PROTECTED] Web: http://www.rainforestandreef.org=20 Latin America: P.O. Box 850-1150 San Jos=E9, Costa Rica, Central America Att: Juan Pablo Bello C. Program Director, Latin America Phone: 011.506.290.8883/011.506.822.8222 (Cell)/Fax: 011.506.290.8883 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Europe: Att: Marion Stephan Frankfurt, Germany Phone: 011.49.172.448.3899 E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] *= ***
Re: plagiarism
Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case of plagiarism. conviction can occur even in the absence of proof of plagiarism--it is defined in the student code as even the appearance of plagiarism. thus, a student repeatedly seen looking at their neighbor's paper during a test can be considered to be plagiarizing even if they claim they were just stretching their neck or whatever. We use the Turnitin.com service a lot, our students expect it. we run workshops in our intro bio courses on what plagiarism is and is not, our students are often surprised to learn how much they do is actually plagiarism. the ones we mostly catch now are those they were too negligent to check their turnitin reports before submitting their papers for grading. Dr. Russell Burke Department of Biology 114 Hofstra University Hempstead, NY 11549 voice: (516) 463-5521 fax: 516-463-5112 http://www.people.hofstra.edu/faculty/russell_l_burke/ Andy Dyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] 10/3/2006 11:44 AM I am currently pursuing an undergraduate case where I will advocate that the student in question be expelled for the 4th documented occurrence of plagiarism. We cannot, in good conscience, allow students that cheat to graduate from our departments. I consider plagiarism to be intellectual dishonesty of the worst kind. It is premeditated cheating: planned and intentional. What could be worse than plagiarism at the next level? Now, I understand that there can be mistakes. I helped publish a MS thesis a few years back that had direct uncredited quotes, but I believe the student had written the quotes into a note book from papers on the subject and then later failed to recognize that the notes did not represent his/her own writing. Sloppy, but excusable, and I caught it in time. And I became more careful after that. Bottom line, if it's intentional, it's serious and should not be tolerated. Andy Andrew R. Dyer Assoc. Professor of Ecology Dept. of Biology Geology University of South Carolina Aiken 471 University Parkway Aiken, SC 29801 Vox 803-641-3443 Fax 803-641-3251 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Alan Wilson Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 7:46 AM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: plagiarism Dear All, I recently reviewed a manuscript that plagiarized from at least two of my papers. Based on my findings, the editor quickly rejected the manuscript and discouraged the authors from submitting it elsewhere. After sharing the experience with my colleagues, I was surprised at the disparity in their reactions. Some were disgusted by the plagiarism (as I was), while others would have been flattered if their text had been copied. Although I am happy to know that the manuscript was rejected, I am not totally convinced that the punishment (i.e., rejected manuscript) fit the crime given that the manuscript may have been rejected anyway - regardless of the plagiarism. My questions to the group have to do with how you feel about plagiarism and plagiarists. (1) Is this a common phenomenon? (2) How should plagiarists be handled? Thanks for your feedback. Alan Alan E. Wilson CILER - University of Michigan 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] office: 734-741-2293; cell: 770-722-9075; fax: 509-356-5349 website: http://ciler.snre.umich.edu/research/profiles/wilson/wilsonprofile.html
Re: plagiarism
If that is the student's fourth documented occurrence of plagiarism, you can rest assured that there was a whole lot more that was undocumented. I have no doubt that many students borrow so extensively from the internet and published works that they may not even be aware that it is plagiarism. Plargiarism is unacceptable and students should be taught that it is unacceptable, each case in which the act is allowed to go unpunished merely reinforces its acceptable nature. Roman Jesien, Science Coordinator Maryland Coastal Bays Program 9919 Stephen Decatur Highway - Suite 4 Ocean City, Maryland 21842 410-213-2297 phone 410-213-2574 fax [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mdcoastalbays.org -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Andy Dyer Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 11:45 AM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: Re: plagiarism I am currently pursuing an undergraduate case where I will advocate that the student in question be expelled for the 4th documented occurrence of plagiarism. We cannot, in good conscience, allow students that cheat to graduate from our departments. I consider plagiarism to be intellectual dishonesty of the worst kind. It is premeditated cheating: planned and intentional. What could be worse than plagiarism at the next level? Now, I understand that there can be mistakes. I helped publish a MS thesis a few years back that had direct uncredited quotes, but I believe the student had written the quotes into a note book from papers on the subject and then later failed to recognize that the notes did not represent his/her own writing. Sloppy, but excusable, and I caught it in time. And I became more careful after that. Bottom line, if it's intentional, it's serious and should not be tolerated. Andy Andrew R. Dyer Assoc. Professor of Ecology Dept. of Biology Geology University of South Carolina Aiken 471 University Parkway Aiken, SC 29801 Vox 803-641-3443 Fax 803-641-3251 [EMAIL PROTECTED] -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Alan Wilson Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 7:46 AM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: plagiarism Dear All, I recently reviewed a manuscript that plagiarized from at least two of my papers. Based on my findings, the editor quickly rejected the manuscript and discouraged the authors from submitting it elsewhere. After sharing the experience with my colleagues, I was surprised at the disparity in their reactions. Some were disgusted by the plagiarism (as I was), while others would have been flattered if their text had been copied. Although I am happy to know that the manuscript was rejected, I am not totally convinced that the punishment (i.e., rejected manuscript) fit the crime given that the manuscript may have been rejected anyway - regardless of the plagiarism. My questions to the group have to do with how you feel about plagiarism and plagiarists. (1) Is this a common phenomenon? (2) How should plagiarists be handled? Thanks for your feedback. Alan Alan E. Wilson CILER - University of Michigan 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] office: 734-741-2293; cell: 770-722-9075; fax: 509-356-5349 website: http://ciler.snre.umich.edu/research/profiles/wilson/wilsonprofile.html
7 more messages on the plagiarism topic
On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant proposals? (I was, for quite a few years, on ESA's Professional Ethics Committee, and this issue periodically came under discussion. I've been on editorial boards for quite a while, and there's been little explicit discussion there...) Kerry Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 [EMAIL PROTECTED] faculty.bennington.edu/~kwoods I think that plagiarism is one of the lowest things that you can do, and I think my opinion on that would be the same as everybody else on this list. However, I do take exception to the following rule from the institution at which Russell Burke is employed: Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case of plagiarism. Conviction can occur even in the absence of proof of plagiarism Huh? If I was a student at this particular institution that was CONVICTED OF PLAGIARISM WITHOUT PROOF OF ME HAVING PLAGIARIZED then my first question would be Who do I sue to get my reputation back? Maybe that is part of the reason that nobody really tries to do much about this sort of thing. - Juha Metsaranta [EMAIL PROTECTED] If they are so desperate to be recognized, then by all means publish their names. I would suggest the ESA have a comittee to review offenses and publish the names of cheaters and their coauthors at the annual business meeting. Senior faculty authors will be much more careful in the pre-review process if they may be also humiliated along with errant students. Cheating for coursework is deplorable, submitting plagarism for peer review can not be condoned. Sincerely, Jim Sparks On 10/3/06, Jesien [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If that is the student's fourth documented occurrence of plagiarism, you can rest assured that there was a whole lot more that was undocumented. I ...snip... Received: from md2.mail.umd.edu (IDENT:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [128.8.31.175]) by listserv.umd.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k93NcDss020451 for ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu; Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from David600m.umd.edu (144b-309.umd.edu [129.2.39.53]) by md2.mail.umd.edu (MOS 3.7.5a-GA) with ESMTP id BQF77917 (AUTH inouye); Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 Date: Tue, 03 Oct 2006 19:38:04 -0400 To: ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu From: David Inouye [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: 6 more responses on plagiarism thread Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed X-Junkmail-Whitelist: YES (by domain whitelist at md2.mail.umd.edu) Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by listserv.umd.edu id k93NcDss020452 On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant proposals? (I was, for quite a few years, on ESA's Professional Ethics Committee, and this issue periodically came under discussion. I've been on editorial boards for quite a while, and there's been little explicit discussion there...) Kerry Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 [EMAIL PROTECTED] faculty.bennington.edu/~kwoods I think that plagiarism is one of the lowest things that you can do, and I think my opinion on that would be the same as everybody else on this list. However, I do take exception to the following rule from the institution at which Russell Burke is employed: Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case
Re: 7 more messages on the plagiarism topic
We have been using turnitin.com more and more in our classes at Southern Illinois University. The database is extensive and contains all papers submitted to it before, in addition to journal articles, etc... The instructor can set up an account for the class, and students can submit their papers through the account. The student can use it to measure the amount of plagiarism (i.e., some red flags will pop up if common phrases are used) and make corrections before making the final submission. I also talk about plagiarism at the beginning of my classes and explain why it violates the student code of conduct and is unethical. The turnitin.com provides a method for them to assess and correct their own work, which can be a positive and powerful training tool. Hopefully, it won't be abused by students who want to check whether they can get away with plagiarizing a seemingly obscure article or book chapter. Loretta Battaglia, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Southern Illinois University Carbondale Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology Mailcode 6509 Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6509 TEL: +1 618 453 3216 FAX: +1 618 453 3441 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] webpage: http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/Faculty/battaglia/index.html -Original Message- From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of David Inouye Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2006 7:15 PM To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Subject: 7 more messages on the plagiarism topic On the same matter, I wonder what we do to teach and train our students how not to get into plagiarism. Roberto -- Larry T. Spencer, Professor Emeritus of Biology Plymouth State University I note that the original inquiry was not about student work, but a manuscript submitted to a journal. Most of the responses have concerned plagiarism in student work. Both are important themes, but I'd be interested in more thoughts on the original question; what's the proper response to plagiarism in manuscripts or grant proposals? (I was, for quite a few years, on ESA's Professional Ethics Committee, and this issue periodically came under discussion. I've been on editorial boards for quite a while, and there's been little explicit discussion there...) Kerry Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 [EMAIL PROTECTED] faculty.bennington.edu/~kwoods I think that plagiarism is one of the lowest things that you can do, and I think my opinion on that would be the same as everybody else on this list. However, I do take exception to the following rule from the institution at which Russell Burke is employed: Here at Hofstra students are expelled automatically upon conviction of their second case of plagiarism. Conviction can occur even in the absence of proof of plagiarism Huh? If I was a student at this particular institution that was CONVICTED OF PLAGIARISM WITHOUT PROOF OF ME HAVING PLAGIARIZED then my first question would be Who do I sue to get my reputation back? Maybe that is part of the reason that nobody really tries to do much about this sort of thing. - Juha Metsaranta [EMAIL PROTECTED] If they are so desperate to be recognized, then by all means publish their names. I would suggest the ESA have a comittee to review offenses and publish the names of cheaters and their coauthors at the annual business meeting. Senior faculty authors will be much more careful in the pre-review process if they may be also humiliated along with errant students. Cheating for coursework is deplorable, submitting plagarism for peer review can not be condoned. Sincerely, Jim Sparks On 10/3/06, Jesien [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If that is the student's fourth documented occurrence of plagiarism, you can rest assured that there was a whole lot more that was undocumented. I ...snip... Received: from md2.mail.umd.edu (IDENT:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [128.8.31.175]) by listserv.umd.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k93NcDss020451 for ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu; Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Received: from David600m.umd.edu (144b-309.umd.edu [129.2.39.53]) by md2.mail.umd.edu (MOS 3.7.5a-GA) with ESMTP id BQF77917 (AUTH inouye); Tue, 3 Oct 2006 19:38:13 -0400 (EDT) Message-Id: [EMAIL PROTECTED] X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 Date: Tue, 03 Oct 2006 19:38:04 -0400 To: ecolog-l@listserv.umd.edu From: David Inouye [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: 6 more responses on plagiarism thread Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed X-Junkmail-Whitelist: YES (by domain whitelist at md2.mail.umd.edu) Content
