FreeBSD crashed - trying to find out why
Hello, I have a FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE machine running inside a KVM VPS. I installed tmux a few days back, and today I was trying to update all my ports via portupgrade. Everything was going fine, so after a while I detached from the tmux session and disconnected from the machine (was connected via SSH). When I returned a few hours later, I see that the machine had rebooted. It appears that the machine rebooted due to a kernel fault. From the timestamps I see that the machine rebooted some 10-15 minutes before I returned, so it looks like portupgrade and tmux etc were working fine until then. Here's the messages from /var/log/messages - -8--- kernel: Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode kernel: cpuid = 0; apic id = 00 kernel: fault virtual address = 0x250 kernel: fault code = supervisor read data, page not present kernel: instruction pointer = 0x20:0x8052e574 kernel: stack pointer = 0x28:0xff800019c8a0 kernel: frame pointer = 0x28:0xff800019c8c0 kernel: code segment= base 0x0, limit 0xf, type 0x1b kernel: = DPL 0, pres 1, long 1, def32 0, gran 1 kernel: processor eflags= interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0 kernel: current process = 50496 (tmux) kernel: trap number = 12 kernel: panic: page fault kernel: cpuid = 0 kernel: Uptime: 3d22h30m42s kernel: Cannot dump. Device not defined or unavailable. kernel: Automatic reboot in 15 seconds - press a key on the console to abort -8--- I went into all the background about tmux above since the logs highlight tmux as the currently running process. Any idea why kernel crashed, or what I can do to prevent this in future? I understand from the forums that this could be due to bad memory or bad hard disk, but I was wondering whether this could also be due to any incompatibilities with KVM (triggered by tmux perhaps). Thanks, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: OT: Downloading file by sending email
Olivier Nicole wrote: A second thought... I want to setup a service such that sending a mail to say [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a list of links per line results in my machine downloading the files at these links replying with all these files attached. So you have any direct connection to the machine that will host the downloading facility? Unfortunately, no. Else I could have done the SSH thing like you suggested ... If you can ssh to that machine, it is easier to set-up a proxy on the machine and do some ssh tunneling. Bests, Regards, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT: Downloading file by sending email
Wojciech Puchar wrote: I want to setup a service such that sending a mail to say [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a list of links per line results in my machine downloading the files at these links replying with all these files attached. Is there any port which provides a functionality like this? Or is it possible to put together such a setup in place? I tried a Google search but didn't very easy using just bash curl metamail etc... but first think about protecting it from abuse like Thanks Wojciech. Actually, I am setting this up just for my use. (Place I work doesn't allow downloads, and sometimes I need to download a thing or two, so thought let me set something like this up for my own use). But your points make sense. I'll try and make sure the service isn't abuse-able. Thanks again for the pointers! Regards, Rakhesh a) someone will use it as spamming machine, writing advert as image, and sending it through your service to 10 users (using your bandwidth) by using robot that will 10 times request to send an URL to mail. b) someone else will be trying to overload your service requesting to mail lots of huge files many times (limit total size+size of one file) you must do something like captcha or at least - first sending mail without attachment like this - Someone - possibly you - requested to download and send such files: URL list here to your mail. if it's you, jest use reply with this code: unique code here ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
OT: Downloading file by sending email
Hi, An off-topic question. I run FreeBSD 6.2/i386 with Postfix and Maildrop (for filtering and delivery). I want to setup a service such that sending a mail to say [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a list of links per line results in my machine downloading the files at these links replying with all these files attached. Is there any port which provides a functionality like this? Or is it possible to put together such a setup in place? I tried a Google search but didn't manage to frame this question concisely enough to get hits ... Also, many many years ago I remember using similar services on the Internet. I can't for the life of me remember their names now. Any one here recollects/ has used such services? Thanks, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT: Downloading file by sending email
Olivier Nicole wrote: I want to setup a service such that sending a mail to say [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a list of links per line results in my machine downloading the files at these links replying with all these files attached. Although I don't know of such a service (I recall hearing about such service ages ago) it sounds not too difficult to built, for example in Perl, using Curl for downloading and some Perl modules to build a MIME email to send back. Thanks Olivier. I was stumped on how to make maildrop pipe the email to some program. A bit of research on that (and reading the manpages) showed me how. Now that I've figured that part, the problem is not too difficult. Gotta make a shell/ perl script now to parse the message and do the downloading etc ... Thanks, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CARP and FreeBSD 6.3
Hi,
I have two machines. Each have two interfaces, xl0 and fxp0. And each
have two carp interfaces -- carp1 (xl0 of both) and carp2 (fxp0 of both).
One of the machines is master, the other is backup.
I also have the following sysctl set: net.inet.carp.preempt - 1
My understanding is that if I down one of the interfaces on the master
machine (say ''ifconfig xl0 down''), then both carp interfaces on the
master will be marked as down. And the backup will become the new master.
Later, when the interface is marked up (''ifconfig xl0 up''), the old
master will resume control. This is my understanding and that's how things
were till yesterday (when I was on FreeBSD 6.2/i386 with both machines).
Today morning I upgraded both machines to FreeBSD 6.3 and that does not
seem to be the case any more.
Now, on the master machine when I down the xl0 interface, only carp1 (the
group containing xl0) goes into init state (and the other machine's carp1
interface becomes the new master). Ditto for fxp0 and carp2. So in
essence, the net.inet.carp.preempt=1 sysctl does not seem to be working as
expected which is unlike how things were in FreeBSD 6.2.
Has something changed with regards to carp between FreeBSD 6.2 and 6.3?
Any one else encountering a similar problem?
Thanks,
Rakhesh
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Re: Doubled files or directories on samba.
Hi, Hello, I have some strange behavior with some files and some directories being doubled on samba. When checking on freebsd file system all is OK. Mounting partitions on windows clients or connecting with smbclient would show some doubled files or directories. I mean the same file appear twice. When deleting one from windows both disappear but copying back the file from backup, again I have 2 files with the same name. smb: \ ls DATA\RON\E* EURO.XG0A 4096 Wed Jan 23 14:58:44 2008 EURO.XG0A 4096 Wed Jan 23 14:58:44 2008 First I've upgraded samba to the latest port version (samba-3.0.28,1) - no joy. I've made a jail (maybe the ports are messed?) only with samba. Same result. I've source upgraded to 6.3-RELEASE. Nice but didn't solve the problem. The system was stable and I cannot relate any software maintenance with the beginning of this behavior. Any pointers would be appreciated. Is this the case for all your shared folders? I found this thread with no answers (http://fixunix.com/samba/328376-samba-duplicate-filename-samba-3-0-28-a.html) where the problem hapens for a specific share and that too with a specific file. Have you tried this with a default config file? Or say one with minimal changes? Since when did this problem begin happening? Any extra info you can find in the logs? I've used Samba 3.0.25-28 on FreeBSD 6.2 and 6.3 but haven't encountered such a problem. Maybe you could add some stuff ''case sensitive = no'' and ''preserve case = yes'' to see if the file name case is making any difference. Just a shot in the dark, actually. Regards, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: CARP and FreeBSD 6.3
Hi,
I have two machines. Each have two interfaces, xl0 and fxp0. And each have
two carp interfaces -- carp1 (xl0 of both) and carp2 (fxp0 of both). One of
the machines is master, the other is backup.
I also have the following sysctl set: net.inet.carp.preempt - 1
My understanding is that if I down one of the interfaces on the master
machine (say ''ifconfig xl0 down''), then both carp interfaces on the master
will be marked as down. And the backup will become the new master. Later,
when the interface is marked up (''ifconfig xl0 up''), the old master will
resume control. This is my understanding and that's how things were till
yesterday (when I was on FreeBSD 6.2/i386 with both machines).
Today morning I upgraded both machines to FreeBSD 6.3 and that does not seem
to be the case any more.
Now, on the master machine when I down the xl0 interface, only carp1 (the
group containing xl0) goes into init state (and the other machine's carp1
interface becomes the new master). Ditto for fxp0 and carp2. So in essence,
the net.inet.carp.preempt=1 sysctl does not seem to be working as expected
which is unlike how things were in FreeBSD 6.2.
Has something changed with regards to carp between FreeBSD 6.2 and 6.3? Any
one else encountering a similar problem?
I happened to reboot the machines now while sitting at the console. And I
noticed that the master machine emits an error like ''carp2: incorrect
hash'' while booting up. Checking the console logs showed me that the
errors have been appearing ever since I upgraded the machine. Most of the
times it was to do with carp2, once it was to do with carp1.
Here's the relevant bits of my rc.conf file from the master machine.
---8--
ifconfig_fxp0=inet 192.168.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 polling
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0=inet 192.168.10.11 netmask 255.255.255.255
ifconfig_xl0=inet 192.168.20.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 polling
cloned_interfaces=carp1 carp2
ifconfig_carp1=vhid 1 pass password advskew 0 192.168.10.2 netmask
255.255.255.0
ifconfig_carp2_alias0=vhid 2 pass password advskew 0 192.168.20.1 netmask
255.255.255.0
ifconfig_carp2_alias1=vhid 2 pass password advskew 0 192.168.20.2 netmask
255.255.255.0
---8--
Its the same on the backup machine, except for the different IPs for fxp0
and xl0.
Thanks,
Rakhesh
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make buildworld 6.x on 7.x?
Hi, Is it possible to do a ''make buildworld buildkernel'' of the FreeBSD 6.x series sources on a FreeBSD 7.x machine and then install them onto a FreeBSD 6.x machine? I ask coz currently I have 3 FreeBSD 6.2 machines and I build the world and kernel on one of them and install on the others (while updating etc). When FreeBSD 7 releases I plan to move one of the machines to that (and this is the machine on which I build stuff currently) so I was wondering if its possible to continue with things the way they are now ... I understand I'll have to build separate port packages for 7.x and 6.x but I maybe there's some workaround for the base system ...? Thanks, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: make buildworld 6.x on 7.x?
Kris Kennaway wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Hi, Is it possible to do a ''make buildworld buildkernel'' of the FreeBSD 6.x series sources on a FreeBSD 7.x machine and then install them onto a FreeBSD 6.x machine? Yes, I did this a few minutes ago in fact :) No special procedures are necessary, world builds are already suitably isolated from the host system for this to work. Awesome! Infact, I didn't think it would be possible. Like you have separate port packages for the 6.x and 7.x trees, I thought FreeBSD 6.x compiled on a FreeBSD 7.x system won't run. But I was obviously wrong. Guess its different for the base OS eh ...? Going by the same logic, is it possible that tomm I can download the sources for an OS like say, NetBSD, buildworld for it on my FreeBSD machine, and then install on a NetBSD machine? Thanks, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pflogd log
I noticed that pflog is not being written to. $ l /var/log/pflog -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 60 Jan 22 00:00 /var/log/pflog However, the process running pflogd runs as _pflogd. Does this mean I should chown the log file with user _pflogd? I don't think so. Had a look at my machine, /var/log/pflog has permissions like on yours. _pflogd248 0.0 0.2 1632 1056 ?? S 6:49AM 0:01.31 pflogd: [suspended] -s 116 -f /var/log/pflog (pflogd) To complete the picture: $ ps aux |grep pf root36 0.0 0.0 0 8 ?? DL6:49AM 0:01.04 [softdepflush] root 246 0.0 0.2 1568 1004 ?? Is6:49AM 0:00.01 pflogd: [priv] (pflogd) _pflogd248 0.0 0.2 1632 1056 ?? S 6:49AM 0:01.32 pflogd: [suspended] -s 116 -f /var/log/pflog (pflogd) I don't have pflogd: [suspended] though. Its pflogd: [running] for me. Have you tried restart /etc/rc.d/pflog? Sorry, couldn't be of much help. Regards, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pflogd log
Zbigniew Szalbot wrote: Hello, 2008/1/22, Rakhesh Sasidharan [EMAIL PROTECTED]: I noticed that pflog is not being written to. $ l /var/log/pflog -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 60 Jan 22 00:00 /var/log/pflog However, the process running pflogd runs as _pflogd. Does this mean I should chown the log file with user _pflogd? I don't think so. Had a look at my machine, /var/log/pflog has permissions like on yours. _pflogd248 0.0 0.2 1632 1056 ?? S 6:49AM 0:01.31 pflogd: [suspended] -s 116 -f /var/log/pflog (pflogd) To complete the picture: $ ps aux |grep pf root36 0.0 0.0 0 8 ?? DL6:49AM 0:01.04 [softdepflush] root 246 0.0 0.2 1568 1004 ?? Is6:49AM 0:00.01 pflogd: [priv] (pflogd) _pflogd248 0.0 0.2 1632 1056 ?? S 6:49AM 0:01.32 pflogd: [suspended] -s 116 -f /var/log/pflog (pflogd) I don't have pflogd: [suspended] though. Its pflogd: [running] for me. Have you tried restart /etc/rc.d/pflog? Thanks! Need to find out what is going on. Have restarted pflogd but it is still showing suspend for me. Try sending the pflogd process a HUP or ALRM signal. That should do the trick. Funny how I missed it the first time, but I had a look at the pflogd(8) manpage once again and it talks about this problem. This is the para just above the options section. Let me know how it goes. Also, just noticed now that my /var/log/pflog file doesn't have read perms for the others group. Would suggest removing that and trying again. Possible the extra perms are an issue. Regards, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pflogd log
I noticed that pflog is not being written to. $ l /var/log/pflog -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 60 Jan 22 00:00 /var/log/pflog However, the process running pflogd runs as _pflogd. Does this mean I should chown the log file with user _pflogd? Also, just noticed now that my /var/log/pflog file doesn't have read perms for the others group. Would suggest removing that and trying again. Possible the extra perms are an issue. I do not know. l /var/log/pflog -rw--- 1 root wheel 60 Jan 22 00:00 /var/log/pflog Ok. In your original mail, the permissions were different ... $ ps ax |grep pflog 25478 ?? Is 0:00.01 pflogd: [priv] (pflogd) 25479 ?? S 0:00.03 pflogd: [suspended] -s 116 -f /var/log/pflog (pflogd) 25561 p0 S+ 0:00.01 grep pflog Not really sure what is going on. I tried: kill -HUP 25479 I would suggest asking this question on the freebsd-pf mailing list then. They can help better I guess. Thanks, Rakhesh --- http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Fixing a USB disk to a specific device name
Jerry McAllister wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2008 at 02:19:54PM -0300, Mario Lobo wrote: On Monday 21 January 2008 14:05:04 Mike Bristow wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2008 at 05:55:51PM +0100, Roland Smith wrote: On Mon, Jan 21, 2008 at 08:56:32AM +0400, Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: It is possible, but not as daX. Use the glabel(8) utility to label your disks. They will show up as /dev/label/yourlabel On 7.0-PRERELEASE, 'options GEOM_LABEL' is built into of the GENERIC kernel, so it shouldn't be necessary there. Note that you can use UFS (and other filesystems labeling) too: for example. 'newfs -L bobs_disk' will cause the device containing it to appear as /dev/ufs/bobs_disk. This approach may be better for removable disks; it'll play better with other OSs, for example. I simply put /dev/da0s1 /PenDrive msdosfs rw,noauto 0 0 on fstab. After I plug it in, I type mount /PenDrive. In KDE, I use Kwikdisk to mount it. Maybe I am missing something, but I don't think that is what the OP was asking - just a mount moiunt. I think the OP wants the /dev/da0s1 to always be /dev/da0s1 even if he switches the drives around in physical drive slots. Yup, that's what I wanted. For the drive to always appear as /dev/da0 (or anything similar). The glabel feature (and newfs labelling feature too) are exactly what I was looking for. Thanks a ton for all the replies. Much appreciated. :) Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: how to restore /usr/src
Nerius Landys wrote: how can i reinstall the original /usr/src If you have the install CD, you can even extract the sources from there. I don't recollect the exact location (am in office, don't have a CD with me) but its in a directory named src and has many files in it. These files are split archives of the original /usr/src tree. There's also a shell script called ''install.sh'' which can be run to combine all these files and extract to a specific location. By default the extracted to location is $DESTDIR/usr/src. Since you want to install to /usr/src, set $DESTDIR to /. So in effect, the following commands should extract the sources to /usr/src for you. (I assume you've inserted the FreeBSD and its mounted at some path). # cd /path/on/cd/where/sources/are # DESTDIR=/ ./install.sh all Hope that helps. - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: GELI key from a USB disk
If you are using /etc/rc.d/geli or geli2 what about fiddling with it's REQUIRE so that it runs later.like after all your filesystems are mounted? This would seem to be an ok solution provided you aren't using geli on your OS partitions. Yup. That seems like a possible solution. Will have a look. Thanks Josh. Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Fixing a USB disk to a specific device name
Hi, Is it possible to assign a specific device name to a USB disk? As in, say I have 2 USB disks -- currently they appear as da0 and da1. One of these (da0) contains the key for a GELI encrypted partition, and so I mount it from fstab while booting (to get the key). What I'd like to know is whether there's any way for me to ensure that the da0 disk always appears as da0. I don't want it that tomm I plug in another disk (or change the order of disks, though I'll be more careful with that) and suddenly da0 is no longer at da0! That would hamper the boot process ... not nice. Possible? Thanks, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Fixing a USB disk to a specific device name
What I'd like to know is whether there's any way for me to ensure that the da0 disk always appears as da0. I don't want it that tomm I plug in another disk (or change the order of disks, though I'll be more careful with that) and suddenly da0 is no longer at da0! That would hamper the boot process ... not nice. It is possible, but not as daX. Use the glabel(8) utility to label your disks. They will show up as /dev/label/yourlabel The daX devices are created as the device is plugged in, so AFAIK it's impossible to permanently assign them a certain daX device. Awesome! That should do. :) I spent the better half of my day here searching the net for a possible solution! If only I had asked this list first ... Thanks, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
GELI key from a USB disk
Hi, I thought this should be easy but its not working ... :( I have a USB disk /dev/da0. That's got a GELI key. I also have an external hard-disk with partitions /dev/da1s1[a-f]. All GELI encrypted. What I want is that while booting up these encrypted partitions are loaded. And their key taken from the da0 USB disk. I tried the obvious like mounting the USB disk in /etc/fstab and giving it a lower pass no. than the encrypted partitions. But turns out that doesn't work. FreeBSD tries to attach the GELI partitions before mounting local filesystems! Any way to delay this step till after the USB disk is mounted and the key available? Or any other suggestions? Thanks, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: GELI key from a USB disk
I tried the obvious like mounting the USB disk in /etc/fstab and giving it a lower pass no. than the encrypted partitions. But turns out that doesn't work. The pass number in /etc/fstab only affects the fsck order. Thanks. I guess I'll have to write a script or something then ... Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Fixing a USB disk to a specific device name
Colin Brace wrote: I use udev rules to do this. See: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/make-removable-usb-hdd-mount-at-fixed-mount-point-511917/ That doesn't work on FreeBSD, does it? Udev's a Linux thing last I heard of ... Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Fixing a USB disk to a specific device name
What I'd like to know is whether there's any way for me to ensure that the da0 disk always appears as da0. I don't want it that tomm I plug in another disk (or change the order of disks, though I'll be more careful with that) and suddenly da0 is no longer at da0! That would hamper the boot process ... not nice. It is possible, but not as daX. Use the glabel(8) utility to label your disks. They will show up as /dev/label/yourlabel The daX devices are created as the device is plugged in, so AFAIK it's impossible to permanently assign them a certain daX device. Just mentioning this for archival purposes. If you are mounting a device as /dev/label/yourlabel at boot time, it will fail unless you add a ''geom_label_load=YES'' to your /boot/loader.conf file. Had me stumped for a while. This loads the geom label module at boot time and so labels are recognized. Thanks, Rakhesh - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: too late to change to security branch?
Hi Bill! I have servers running 6.1 and 6.2. I use freebsd-update in cron jobs to install binary security update to the base system, and use cvsup/portupgrade in cron jobs to install port updates. By default, cvsup uses CURRENT branch. The ports system doesn't have any branches. The same tree is used between all the different FreeBSD branches so you can't just track security updates only. You track it using portupgrade/ cvsup. The base system has many branches. In your case, you seem to be following the security branches for 6.1 and 6.2 using freebsd-update. I am tired of some updates breaking something unnecessarily, and am thinking of changing to SECURITY branch in cvsup. Is that possible? Some of my ports are already locally compiled with customized options. Maybe you can provide more info on what's breaking? I use FreeBSD for a couple of headless machines. No X and other stuff, but I haven't had any breakages so far. *touchwood* Do go though the UPDATING file to check out any gotchas before updating. HTH, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: too late to change to security branch?
I run freebsd-update and my cvsup configuration uses *default release=cvs tag=.. I am actually following security branch, since I do not recompile the kernel, right? This cvs tag only matters if I compile the kernel, right? If you are using freebsd-update then you are following the security branch. Even if you were using cvs and had to recompile the kernel (coz of some patch there) you would still be following the security branch (**if** you are tracking the security branch, that is). In FreeBSD, the base system and the 3rd party apps are separate. The base system has the concept of branches. The 3rd party apps (ports) are shared amongst all, there's no concept of branches. So you can't just follow security updates for the 3rd party apps. HTH, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Enlighten me nt Please
Would it be easy, or maybe not too difficult to setup Enlightenment with FreeBSD which I am determined to get back into soon? Even possibly use the Elive approach, or is that a specific Linux executable? You can install enlightenment from ''x11-wm/enlightenment'' or ''x11-wm/enlightenment-devel''. But I don't know if you'll get the same experience as Elive. Quite possible that the Elive ppl have a bunch of customizations and integrations stuff of their own ... Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Confusion on SSH and PAM
CyberLeo Kitsana wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Any ideas or nudges in the right direction as to why this is happening? Looks like I've understood the interaction between SSH and PAM wrong here, so would appreciate some enlightenment. According to my understanding of the SSH protocol, you're continually asked because an authentication failure is not a fatal error. When authenticating an SSH session, a list of mutually supported methods is compiled (public-key, challenge-response, S/Key, keyboard-interactive, plaintext) and the client cycles through the list based on what it thinks is most likely to work. It's perfectly acceptable for a client to attempt password authentication before public-key, or even interleave them. All the server can do is say yay or nay to an attempt with a restricted method, because it cannot know if the next attempt may utilize an allowed method. After the requisite three or five failed attempts (depending on the server config), it may send a general failure code (too many failed attempts) and disconnect the client at it's discretion. Here's another oddity I encountered today. If PermitRootLogin is set to forced-commands-only, my understanding is the SSHD will permit root logins if a command to be executed is given. But that doesn't seem to be the case in practice! I have keys setup for root to login, but instead of letting me in with those keys, SSHD ignores them, passes me to PAM for password prompting (three times) and the denies me out! Very strange. I even setup a Match User clause for root and specified a command to run. Still, SSHD refuses to let me in with/ without key and for a specific command. Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Confusion on SSH and PAM
Hi, I've spent a fair bit of yesterday and today playing around with this. Have reached some confusing conclusions. Here's a snippet from my ''sshd_config'' file: 8--- PubkeyAuthenticationyes ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes PermitRootLogin without-password PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes 8--- The idea being that I use Public Key authentication. No password authentication. Yes to PAM authentication etc (my understanding is that *if* Public Key auth fails then this is invoked). And root is allowed login using Key authentication. Here's the SSHD section for PAM: 8--- auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass account required pam_login_access.so account required pam_unix.so session required pam_permit.so password required pam_unix.so no_warn try_first_pass 8--- Pretty standard config. As long as I login as root with a key, things work as expected. However, when I login as root without a key I am prompted for the password, and even though I enter the password correctly I am prompted again for a total of 3 times and then it fails. After a bit of trial and error, I finally figured that setting ''PermitRootLogin yes'' lets root login without a key. So it seems to me that when I don't use Key authentication, PAM is invoked, and even though I supply the correct root password I am prompted again and again for a password coz root login is disallowed by SSHD. Strange, coz I was under the impression that as far as PAM is concerned I have successfully authenticated, so shouldn't it have OK-ed me and left SSH to refuse login with some message? Why ask for the password thrice and then refuse? I also tried without the ''no_warn'' option in the pam_unix module. That time I get an error like this after each password input: 8--- pam_unix: pam_sm_authenticate: UNIX authentication refused 8--- Any ideas or nudges in the right direction as to why this is happening? Looks like I've understood the interaction between SSH and PAM wrong here, so would appreciate some enlightenment. Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Confusion on SSH and PAM
Christian Baer wrote: On Tue, 25 Sep 2007 15:56:22 +0400 (GST) Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Any ideas or nudges in the right direction as to why this is happening? Looks like I've understood the interaction between SSH and PAM wrong here, so would appreciate some enlightenment. I'm not sure if I can offer any enlightenment here, but you can have my 2 cents. :-) I don't mind enlightenment that can be got for 2 cents! :-) This is one of these things with computer logic. :-) You have told the sshd that a root login vai PAM is not ok, only via private key. PAM is activated just the same (and probably works for other users). The login follows a certain order... 1 Ask for username 2 Did we get a key? If not, goto 5 3 Is the key ok? If not, goto 5 4 Let user login, exit authentification 5 Is PAM globally on? If not exit 6 Ask for password 7 Is the password ok? If not goto 6 max 2 times, after that exit 8 Let user login, exit ... snip ... Your problem seems to be from steps 5 to 7. After the authentification by key fails, the sshd just goes to the next step, which is the password. For security reasons, the communication inside is a bit brief. PAM only gets the answer not authenticated and because the reason isn't an issue, the user is asked for the password again. The point is that the sshd just refuses your login each time, because a password just isn't enough. I see. I thought the interaction between SSHD and PAM was that SSHD tells PAM to authenticate on its behalf, PAM replies with a PASS/ FAIL depending on the final result of its modules, and SSHD allows/ disallows based on this result. But from what you say, I get the impression that SSHD can ask PAM to re-try even if PAM replies with a PASS ... that's kind of futile, isn't it? Why doesn't SSHD just take the PASS result and deny the user straightaway instead of making PAM retry twice? Here's something else that I tried. There's a PAM module for CAPTCHA. (http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/pam_captcha/ in case someone's interested). I modified my PAM config to include that too before the pam_unix module. -8- auth required pam_nologin.so no_warn auth requisite /usr/local/lib/pam_captcha.so math randomstring auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass account required pam_login_access.so account required pam_unix.so session required pam_permit.so password required pam_unix.so -8- Following our previous logic, shouldn't pam_captcha get invoked, verify through CAPTCHA, pass onto pam_unix to get password, pass result to SSH, fail, and restart with pam_captcha and pam_unix for 2 more times? But it does not happen that way! Instead, now, pam_captcha does the looping for 2 more times, and even after successfully entering the CAPTCHA strings root login is denied. Strange. pam_unix is not even called for the password! When PAM is used to authenticate for SSHD, is it not that PAM goes through all its modules and *then* passes the result to SSH? Or are there any subtler interactions ... each module passes its result to SSH and their behaviour is influenced by SSHD's reply? I know, crappy algorithem that remindes of BASIC a bit. In this case it should do the job, though. Please forget that the word goto exists in other languages too (even Java). :-) :-) Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: courier-imap
Bill Banks wrote: i think that it not validating the username passwd Have you started courier-authdaemond in /usr/local/etc/rc.d? Added users to UserDB or whatever auth method you are using? I have some notes on installing Courier IMAP here: http://rakhesh.net/mail/courier-imap. That gives you the steps I followed while installing Courier IMAP on my home machine. HTH, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Clarification on updating FreeBSD through csup
Hi there! Just seeking a clarification on keeping FreeBSD up-to-date through csup. I am on FreeBSD 6.2 and want to keep up-to-date for security patches etc. I understand I can use csup to follow the RELENG_62 branch. After the sources are downloaded, do I have to follow all the steps outlined in this (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html) handbook document? I can understand building and installing world and kernel, but would I have to reboot to single user and do the mergemaster stuff too? I *think* I might not have to do mergemaster coz security updates shouldn't have changes in the /etc files and so there'd be no need for merging files. And I *think* I might have to reboot depending on whether I use the stuff being affected or not ... But I'd like a clarify from more knowledgeable folks nevertheless. :) Also, would the make buildworld installworld part take a long time? Or through the magic of make it just compiles the stuff that's getting updated (and stuff that requires on this)? TIA, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Clarification on updating FreeBSD through csup
Daniel Bye wrote: On Mon, Sep 17, 2007 at 09:24:26PM +0400, Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: I understand I can use csup to follow the RELENG_62 branch. After the sources are downloaded, do I have to follow all the steps outlined in this (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html) handbook document? I can understand building and installing world and kernel, but would I have to reboot to single user and do the mergemaster stuff too? If you follow the complete rebuild instructions, yes. If you follow the instructions for *patching* the system as given in the relevant security notifications, then only if those instructions say so. You do subscribe to security-notifications@, don't you? ;-) Err, not yet but I just did after seeing your mail. :) Now that you mention, yes, I had seen those security notifications and they mention what to do by way of patching. Great! That's better. I *think* I might not have to do mergemaster coz security updates shouldn't have changes in the /etc files and so there'd be no need for merging files. Sometimes, the security fixes involve changes under /etc. The recent jails error comes to mind, as a case in point. Thanks for the example. I'd suggest trying it out on a non-critical system, so as to familiarise yourself with the procedure. You'll be glad you did. That's the plan. I wanted to try this method out (a) to familiarize myself with it, and (b) I understand if one builds custom kernels then the freebsd-update method won't work ... I've csuped the RELENG_62 branch, now I'll check out the patches and try applying them. Thanks for your inputs! - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.net/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: GEOM, Vinum difference
Michel Talon wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Another (related) question: both gvinum and the geom utilities like gmirror and gstripe etc provide for RAID0, RAID1, and RAID3. Any advantages/ disadvantages of using one instead of the other? There has been a polemic between Greg Lehey and PJ Dawidek about the comparative advantages of raid3 and raid5. You can find the exchanges on Google. One example being: http://arkiv.freebsd.se/?ml=freebsd-performancea=2004-08t=227183 As far as i remember there are arguments showing that raid3 is better than raid5 both in terms of speed and of data security. It seems that raid5 has mostly a hype factor for him, but i may err. Anyways it is for such reasons that in the modern geom system, raid3 has been implemented and not raid5. But vinum has been ported to the geom framework for the benefit of old users, or of people who like it. For example if you are using FreeBSD-4 or DragonFlyBSD, vinum is the standard tool, and you may prefer getting expertise in just one tool. Finally none of these raid systems is really good, both for performance and security. If you are concerned with your data and want good write speed, you must buy enough disks and use raid 10. Another important factor is ease of use. The geom tools, gmirror, gstripe, graid3, etc. are *very* easy to use. The documentation in the man pages is clear, sufficient for doing work, and not too long. On the contrary, vinum was traditionaly documented in a very hermetic way. But more recently, Greg Lehey has provided a very clear chapter of his book on his web site which can be recommanded, but is not short. Note the documentation is a critical aspect of such systems because its lack may bite you in case a disk crashes and you need to adopt correct procedures under stress. Also for some time the gvinum stuff was extremely buggy, and was completely non functional when i tried it. I hope it is fixed now. Great, thanks Michael! :) That's just the sort of info I was looking for ... Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
NFS export subdirs on different file systems?
Hi, I have a directory /net/store. This directory is exported to all machines on my network. I have a sub-directory /net/store/photos. That too is exported to all machines on my network. What I want is that when I mount /net/store from another machine, the contents of /net/store/photos too be visible. Is there any way I can do that? From the manpage and the handbook and Google etc I get the idea that it might not be possible. Still, asking just in case there are any round-about ways ... I would assume a scenario like this is common. [I need /net/store/photos to be on a separate partition coz its encrypted and stuff. And I'd rather have it appear as part of the /net/store namespace ...] Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: NFS export subdirs on different file systems?
I have a directory /net/store. This directory is exported to all machines on my network. I have a sub-directory /net/store/photos. That too is exported to all machines on my network. What I want is that when I mount /net/store from another machine, the contents of /net/store/photos too be visible. Is there any way I can do that? From the manpage and the handbook and Google etc I get the idea that it might not be possible. Still, asking just in case there are any round-about ways ... I would assume a scenario like this is common. [I need /net/store/photos to be on a separate partition coz its encrypted and stuff. And I'd rather have it appear as part of the /net/store namespace ...] Forgot to add: the two directories are imported dynamically on the client side. So I can't just make fstab entries on the client side to mount both points. I use AMD to mount /net/store when needed. And I can't for the life of me figure how to make it mount /net/store/photos too when needed -- I dont think that's possible(?) ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: NFS export subdirs on different file systems?
Pieter de Goeje wrote:
On Tuesday 21 August 2007, Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote:
I have a directory /net/store. This directory is exported to all machines
on my network.
I have a sub-directory /net/store/photos. That too is exported to all
machines on my network.
What I want is that when I mount /net/store from another machine, the
contents of /net/store/photos too be visible. Is there any way I can do
that?
From the manpage and the handbook and Google etc I get the idea that it
might not be possible. Still, asking just in case there are any
round-about ways ... I would assume a scenario like this is common.
Forgot to add: the two directories are imported dynamically on the
client side. So I can't just make fstab entries on the client side to
mount both points. I use AMD to mount /net/store when needed. And I can't
for the life of me figure how to make it mount /net/store/photos too when
needed -- I dont think that's possible(?) ...
I have that configuration working.
In /etc/exports:
/pub-alldirsclient
/pub/video -alldirs client
On the client side, I didn't change anything to the configuration of AMD.
Simply cd'ing to /host/server/pub and then 'cd video' does the right thing. I
don't think -alldirs is really needed, but it's there for convenience.
Thanks Pieter. The default configuration mounts *all* the exported
filesystems from host. Which should be fine, just that I don't want it
that way (and I like complicating matters, I guess! :p).
Using the default way, I can access the exported filesystems as
/host/server/net/store[/photos] -- which is not what I want. Rather, I
want to
access the exported /net/store[/photos] filesystems under the
/net/store[/photos] mount points of the client -- and I don't want any
other exported file systems in there either. Kind of like the host type
amd filesystem, but only for a specific branch.
This is something I did come up with:
-8-
/defaults host!=obelix;type:=nfsopts:=rw,intr,grpid,nosuid
store type:=auto;fs:=${map};pref:=${key}/
store/* type:=nfs;rhost:=obelix;rfs:=${path}
-8-
It does what I want -- /net/store/[anything] is mounted from the remote
host (obelix) -- only problem (and the reason why I didnt go ahead with
this) being that there's no way to see what all directories are available
under /net/store. If do a cd /net/store/music it will work well; but if
you do an ls /net/store it won't mount /net/store and show me what
subdirs are available. And the browseable_dirs option in amd.conf does
not help either coz its an auto type filesystem.
I had forgotten about the host filesystem type (the default). So thanks
for pointing it out. Let me see if I can twiddle around and find a
workaround. :)
Regards,
- Rakhesh
http://rakhesh.com/
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Re: wildcard usage in fetch
fetch -avrpAFU ftp://loginid:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/IDX/ActivePhotos/*/*.* The /*/ directory is 2 positions in size and contains 00 through 99 as directory names. The *.* means all files in this directory. When I execute this I get logged in but get file not found or not available error message. Is wildcard usage not allowed in ftp? How would you suggest to accomplish downloading source file directory structure and their contents? You might look into curl. I know it has some wildcarding capabilities. I haven't done ftp'ing around in a while. But a long time ago, when I did, I used ncftp. That does wildcarding iirc. Regards, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: GEOM, Vinum difference
Lowell Gilbert wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I see that if I want to do disk striping/ concating/ mirroring, FreeBSD offers the GEOM utilities and the Vinum LVM (which fits into the GEOM architecture). Why do we have two different ways of doing the same tasks -- any advantages/ disadvantages to either approach? I did check the archives before posting this question. Got a couple of hits, but they seem to be old info. Hence this question. The GEOM utilities seem to be newer, fancier, and probably the future. Vinum seems to be how things used to happen earlier. After GEOM was introduced, if Vinum had been discarded, I would have understood. But it wasn't. Instead, it was rewritten for GEOM and is probably still actively maintained. So I wonder why we have two ways of doing the same tasks ... What I understand from the archives is that Vinum was _probably_ rewritten for GEOM coz the GEOM utilities were still new and not as time tested as Vinum. Is that the case? So will Vinum continue to be around for a while or it be discarded? geom(4) does not provide RAID. It provides framework services that are used by gvinum(8), (and by many other disk-related capabilities). Missed that one! :) There's no geom utility for RAID5, so that's definitely a difference. Thanks! Another (related) question: both gvinum and the geom utilities like gmirror and gstripe etc provide for RAID0, RAID1, and RAID3. Any advantages/ disadvantages of using one instead of the other? Thanks, - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
GEOM, Vinum difference
Hi, I see that if I want to do disk striping/ concating/ mirroring, FreeBSD offers the GEOM utilities and the Vinum LVM (which fits into the GEOM architecture). Why do we have two different ways of doing the same tasks -- any advantages/ disadvantages to either approach? I did check the archives before posting this question. Got a couple of hits, but they seem to be old info. Hence this question. The GEOM utilities seem to be newer, fancier, and probably the future. Vinum seems to be how things used to happen earlier. After GEOM was introduced, if Vinum had been discarded, I would have understood. But it wasn't. Instead, it was rewritten for GEOM and is probably still actively maintained. So I wonder why we have two ways of doing the same tasks ... What I understand from the archives is that Vinum was _probably_ rewritten for GEOM coz the GEOM utilities were still new and not as time tested as Vinum. Is that the case? So will Vinum continue to be around for a while or it be discarded? - Rakhesh http://rakhesh.com/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: portupgrade question
Nikola Lecic wrote:
Yes, options are not saved that way and Vim's default is with X11.
Please make sure that the following lines exist in
your /usr/local/etc/pkgtools.conf:
MAKE_ARGS = {
'editors/vim' = 'NO_GUI=yes',
[... options for other ports ...]
}
Next time portupgrade will honour it (without -P/-PP options, of
course).
As far as I know, portupgrade won't honour this setting vim is upgraded as
a dependency of some other port. (Please correct me if I'm wrong. I
haven't tried this; its just something I read). So the /etc/make.conf
option is better.
Thanks,
Rakhesh
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Question on the IFS variable (not a FreeBSD question)
Hi, This isn't really a FreeBSD question. But I figure most people on this list would know the answer and so I'm asking. I've tried to get the answer out of Google, but I guess I am not asking it the right question and so not getting much hits. I understand that the default value of the IFS variable in bash is space, tab, newline. For a script I am playing around with, I want to change IFS to be just newline. I tried the obvious like IFS=\n -or- IFS='\n' but that doesn't seem to do the trick coz then the letter n ends up being the separator. A bit of Google searching got me the solution too. That I must set IFS this way: IFS=$'\n' I did that, and sure enough things work the way I want! So my question is this: how come things work when I set IFS to $'\n' instead of just plain '\n'? I don't recollect seeing such a way of setting variables before, and so I'm curious about it. TIA, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Question on the IFS variable (not a FreeBSD question)
Manolis Kiagias wrote: Do a little experiment (inspired from the post stated above): #export IFS=\n #printf '%s\n' $IFS | cat -vt will give \n == not what you expect #export IFS='\n' #printf '%s\n' $IFS | cat -vt will give \n == again, not what you expect #export IFS=$'\n' #printf '%s\n' $IFS | cat -vt will give definitely a new line character (finally...) I am not certain of the explanation, but from the above it seems to me the IFS does not evaluate special '\something' characters unless there is a $ in front. That is, of course, what you would do to get the value of a shell variable. It seems then these characters need to be evaluated in the same way. Yup, that's what I too figured from my experiments. Strange. Oh well ... good to know now that '\n' (even in double quotes etc) need not always refer to the newline. Sometimes the $ magic is required ... :-) Thanks! Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Question on the IFS variable (not a FreeBSD question)
Robert Huff wrote: A bit of Google searching got me the solution too. That I must set IFS this way: IFS=$'\n' It is also possible to use: IFS= with the default shell; this has been (personally) confirmed within the least few weeks Hmm, yeah, that too should work. Will try that sometime. Thank you, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: How do I make install clean a port in the background
A good ideea would be to build screen static. In case you update your system, it is possible that the libraries on which screen depends might be deleted. To do so # make CONFIGURE_ENV=LDFLAGS=-static build # make install that will create a binary screen which is not dynamically linked with the libraries. and of course don't forget man screen That's neat! Didn't know you could do that. Is the option CONFIGURE_ENV=LDFLAGS=-static something you can use for any port to compile it statically? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7?
What me bugs most is that if you do make installworld, freebsd-update still wants to update everything. Oh, why does it do that? freebsd-update maintains a separate database or something of what's to be updated and not? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7?
Peter Boosten wrote: -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: What me bugs most is that if you do make installworld, freebsd-update still wants to update everything. Oh, why does it do that? freebsd-update maintains a separate database or something of what's to be updated and not? Yup, probably. Also (I think) there's no synchronisation between freebsd-update and options you set in /etc/make.conf (again, I'm not sure about this, but I do not want to try). For instance: in my make.conf is NO_BIND=true, because I upgraded to bind 9 long time ago and update it from ISC source. The latest patches however wanted to overwrite my named. Enough wining however: freebsd rocks :-) Touche! FreeBSD rocks! :) freebsd-update does binary updates. I guess that's why it doesn't honour the options in make.conf? But what you say is a point nevertheless. If I were to use the newer version of BIND from ports (for instance), then freebsd-update would end up replacing it ... hmm, not nice. Maybe there's some way to ignore certain stuff through freebsd-update.conf(5)? The IgnorePaths setting seems an option where one can set paths to be ignore ... I suppose that can be used in such a situation? (Any examples anyone?) Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Partitioning question
Peter Boosten wrote: -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Alain G. Fabry wrote: Is it possible after the installation of current on the 3rd partition that I can use my data files (home directories) without messing up the permissions/etc? As long as the UIDs are the same it should work. Yup. And (not sure if this is the default) while installing FreeBSD-current tell it *not* to NewFS to second partition. Else you'd lose whatever home directories+data that are already there ... Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: portsdb and cvsup
Adam J Richardson wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: During my first few days with FreeBSD, however, I used to run ''portsdb -Fu''. My understanding is that that would fetch the INDEX-6 and update INDEX-6.db (since I am on FreeBSD 6.x) but I don't see why I should do this coz the INDEX files are updated when I update the ports tree anyways! (If I have understood this incorrectly, someone please correct me). Hi Rakhesh, What you say about the -F and -u flags sounds right. It's my understanding that portsdb -Fu is only required when the ports database gets a little bit messed up and the system prompts you. It's an easy one to remember, because as Dru said in that article, you may be thinking something similar at the time. ;) Heh, that really was a good mnemonic from Dru to remember these switches. BTW, Dru was talking about ''pkgdb -fu''. Different command, and lower-case f. And that was for when the *packages* database gets messed up. At which point you'll probably have thoughts along that line in your head ... :) After some thought, I think the -F switch to ''portsdb'' is useful if you want to just search for what's new etc by downloading the latest copy of the INDEX file and using that instead of downloading the ports tree changes. That way, if you are into the portupgrade tools, you can do a ''portsdb -Fu'' to get the latest INDEX files and update INDEX.db. You can search for ports using ''pkg_glob''. And you can find what's newer compared to the installed software using ''portversion''. No need to update your ports tree to do all this! Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: portsdb and cvsup
BTW, Dru was talking about ''pkgdb -fu''. Different command, and lower-case f. And that was for when the *packages* database gets messed up. At which point you'll probably have thoughts along that line in your head ... :) I just had a look at the pkgdb manpage. My bad. It is upper-case f. Lower-case f is for forcing things. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7?
Hi, I had asked this question a few days earlier in another thread. Didn't get any replies, so asking it again in a post of its own. My FreeBSD 6.2 system is currently on 6.2-RELEASE-p4. I use freebsd-update to keep my system up-to-date and I've noticed that offlate there doesn't seem to be any updates to my system. Here's the update of a ''freebsd-update fetch'' on my system for instance: $ freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature from update1.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7. $ uname -a FreeBSD asterix 6.2-RELEASE-p4 FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p4 #0: Thu Apr 26 17:40:53 UTC 2007[EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 Is that normal? I mean, there obviously seems to be a 6.2-RELEASE-p7 but then why isn't my system getting updated to that? Is it coz I am not using the parts that are affected by the patches to 6.2-RELEASE-p7? Or have I misconfigured something? TIA, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7?
Chuck Swiger wrote: Not all security patches involve updating the kernel. The recent ones have involved changes to BIND and the symlink attack starting up jails, and thus they do not result in the version printed by your kernel in dmesg or via uname changing. I see. Thanks. Didn't realize that only when the kernel gets updated does the suffix change to -p7. I was under the impression that all updates change the kernel string to -p7 just to show that there's been some updates. Thanks again. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7?
Philip M. Gollucci wrote: I see. Thanks. Didn't realize that only when the kernel gets updated does the suffix change to -p7. I was under the impression that all updates change the kernel string to -p7 just to show that there's been some updates. That actually sounds like a bad thing IMHO. Because not -p4 is not -p4 -p4 = -p7 but for others it might =-p5 depending on the last time they updated. It might be nice to have freebsd-update update this portion of the kernel even if thats the only part thats updated. I second that. Was confusing to me atleast, and I kept wondering all this file if something was wrong with my setup. Would be nice if the kernel was given a version bump to -p7 or whatever. Maybe its not possible for other practical reasons, in which perhaps the man page could mention this fact? By the way, is there some way I can verify that my system has been patched for the newer updates? (Just so that I get the nagging feeling off my head that something's not alright). Some way I can check the named executable for instance to see its the latest ...? Thanks, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: restart network without shutdown
Eric Crist wrote: Install screen from ports, run it from within screen. You'll still get disconnected, but you should be able to reconnect after it's done. Screen will allow the script to complete, whereas your ssh session is killing it half/part way through... HTH Just curious -- how come screen works in such situations? I recollect someone else too recommending screen a few days ago (instead of watch to connect to another terminal) coz it doesn't get cut. The SSH session in which screen runs gets disconnected, but screen still works ... useful! Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Waiting for BIND security announcement
Just bumping this question of mine. I tried a freebsd-update fetch just now, but I still have no updates! And my system is still on 6.2-RELEASE-p4. Is that normal or should I be concerned? $ freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature from update1.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7. $ uname -a FreeBSD obelix.home.rakhesh.com 6.2-RELEASE-p4 FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p4 #0: Thu Apr 26 17:40:53 UTC 2007 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: On Wed, 1 Aug 2007, Josh Carroll wrote: You need wait no longer...the security advisory just went out with a patch: http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:07.bind.asc I'm on FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p4. If I do a freebsd-update shouldn't I get this? Or will there be a delay coz binary patches have to be prepared for freebsd-update? # freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature from update1.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: NTFS-3G not mounting the partition during boot
Starting ntfsmount. /etc/rc: DEBUG: run_rc_command: _doit: /usr/local/bin/ntfs-3g /dev/ad0s1 /mnt/w indows fuse: failed to exec mount program: No such file or directory -- I don't exactly know what it means by fuse: failed to exec mount program: No such file or directory since /usr/local/bin/ntfs-3g exists, /dev/ad0s1 is my Windows 2000 partition, and I have created /mnt/windows myself. Why is the mount point /mnt/windows broken over two lines? If that's the actual output from fuse (and not broken coz of some wrapping while emailing) then that could be the problem. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: restart network without shutdown
You'll still get disconnected, but you should be able to reconnect after it's done. Screen will allow the script to complete, whereas your ssh session is killing it half/part way through... HTH Eric Crist I'm generally a big screen advocate, but in this case, wouldn't nohup work as well? And it's in base. Exactly what I was wondering. Wouldn't nohup work as well? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Waiting for BIND security announcement
On Wed, 1 Aug 2007, Josh Carroll wrote: You need wait no longer...the security advisory just went out with a patch: http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:07.bind.asc I'm on FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE-p4. If I do a freebsd-update shouldn't I get this? Or will there be a delay coz binary patches have to be prepared for freebsd-update? # freebsd-update fetch Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature from update1.FreeBSD.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. Preparing to download files... done. No updates needed to update system to 6.2-RELEASE-p7. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: can not start phpmyadmin after upgrade to 2.10.3
Today when after upgrade phpmyadmin through portupgrade from 2.10.2 to 2.10.3 when I browse to phpmyadmin page, it said: phpMyAdmin - Error Cannot start session without errors, please check errors given in your PHP and/or webserver log file and configure your PHP installation properly. snip [Sat Aug 04 17:13:50 2007] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Sat Aug 04 17:15:37 2007] [warn] Init: Session Cache is not configured [hint: SSLSessionCache] Are you accessing using phpMyAdmin over an HTTPS link? The above line in the log file seems to indicate some problem with the HTTPS configuration. (Possibly not, I'm just asking to eliminate that). I would also suggest turning ON some logging in your php.ini file. That way we could get more info on what's causing the error. (That's what I'd do if I had an error message like this). Hope that helps. Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Waiting for BIND security announcement
This has probably been asked before, Heh, no, never. :) That's a relief. :) but if BIND is available in ports then why is it also available in contrib? Couple of reasons, of relatively equal importance depending on who you speak to. BSD systems have always (I haven't verified this, but people who should know have told me) shipped with dns stuff on board, so there is resistance to the idea of stripping it out for that reason. The other thing that is a concern to a lot of people is that BIND is more than just named. Take a look at the WITHOUT_BIND* knobs in src.conf(1) in 7-current or make.conf(1) in 6-stable to get an idea of how things break down. I have a standing offer to either remove BIND from the base, or flip the defaults for some of those knobs to NO if the community wants it that way. Makes sense. So to summarize the answer to my question: * BIND is there in contrib coz lot of stuff depends on it and so its best left there. * BIND is also there in ports coz the one there offers you a lot more build time options, is newer, gets updates faster, and is also easier to get up and running with out of the box (in some situations atleast). Neat! :) Are there any benefits in choosing the one in contrib over the one in ports? Advantage to the one in contrib is that it's right there, and the new default named.conf (and associated files) makes it possible to start up a local resolver out of the box. If you want a greater degree of freedom in build-time configuration, or you want a version other than what is in your base (for example, you want to use 9.4.x but you're on a 6-stable machine), then you can use the ports. The ports also have an option to overwrite the files in the base if that makes things easier in your environment. hth, Thanks! Rakhesh Doug -- This .signature sanitized for your protection ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: portsdb and cvsup
On Sun, 5 Aug 2007, Arend P. van der Veen wrote: The approach that I had been using was: /usr/local/bin/cvsup -L 0 /usr/sup/supfile /usr/local/sbin/portsdb -Uu This had worked great until the emacs22 update. Now portsdb crashes due to the emacs entry in /etc/make.conf. However, I see very little chatter on the lists about this. I have started to wonder if the bulk of the community may be updating their ports differently. Upon some limited research I found that I could use: /usr/local/bin/cvsup -L 0 /usr/sup/supfile /usr/local/sbin/portsdb -Fu This work fine for me. I can then use tools such as pkg_version, pkg_delete, portinstall and portupgrade without any problems. My open ended question is what does the rest of the community do to update their ports collection? I don't run portsdb at all. :) What I figured from the portsdb manpages is that if you don't run it manually then it gets run upon using one of the portupgrade tools. I don't mind the 30s or so delay that causes and so I don't run portsdb manually. During my first few days with FreeBSD, however, I used to run ''portsdb -Fu''. My understanding is that that would fetch the INDEX-6 and update INDEX-6.db (since I am on FreeBSD 6.x) but I don't see why I should do this coz the INDEX files are updated when I update the ports tree anyways! (If I have understood this incorrectly, someone please correct me). I tried ''portsdb -Uu'' just once. To see what it does. Took a long time and so I never tried it again. From the manpage I understand that it creates/ updates the INDEX files by running the ''make index'' command, but the reasoning behind that didn't make sense to me ... So that's my story. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Waiting for BIND security announcement
Hi! Was going through this slightly old thread and wanted to clear somethings up for myself. If you want to stay as close as possible to 6.2-RELEASE but also include the fixes that the security officer deems important enough to release widely, use the tag RELENG_6_2 (usually in your supfile for cvsup or csup). If you want the latest code for 6-stable, which will eventually become 6.3-RELEASE, use just RELENG_6. I use 'freebsd-update' to keep my 6.2 installation up-to-date. So that means I would be following the RELENG_6_2 tag, right? In addition to security issues, the ports give you a greater degree of flexibility in how BIND is configured. If you're going to be offering a public name server (and by that I hope you mean authoritative, not recursive) on 6-stable you're probably better off using 9.4.x anyway, with the threading option disabled. Are there other things in /usr/src/contrib that follow this pattern? Sure, lots. Too many for me to list without having to think hard about it and potentially leave something out. This has probably been asked before, but if BIND is available in ports then why is it also available in contrib? Are there any benefits in choosing the one in contrib over the one in ports? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: updating multiple freebsd desktops
On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, Garrett Cooper wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, Bram Van Steenlandt wrote: So what I would really like is to make one machine the build/test machine and keep this machine up to date with the ports and portmanager or so. Can I then set up some kind of repo with the packages from this machine and run something like yum upgrade on every desktop we have ? 1. Use one machine as the build/ test machine. Let /usr/ports be on that, and shared to all the other machines. 2. Keep the ports tree up-to-date on this machine, and while building ports make packages too. (`make package-recursive` will do I guess). These will be stored on /usr/ports/packages. 3. On the clients, let /usr/ports be the shared one from the main machine. a) If you want to find the packages that need updating, use something like `pkg_version -l `. b) If you want to update *all* the packages, use something like `portupgrade -aPP`. I haven't done any of these myself. Just that if I were in a situation such as yours, this is what I'd probably do. Regards, Rakhesh rsync or some other means of sharing data may be better than a global share as you might have one machine with a different architecture building under a work directory in the /usr/ports directory. Or set WRKDIRPREFIX= /tmp in your /etc/make.conf on all machines ... ? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Custom builds from ports
On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, John Nielsen wrote:
On Tuesday 31 July 2007 12:16:32 pm CyberLeo Kitsana wrote:
Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote:
On Sun, July 29, 2007 01:37, N.J. Mann wrote:
In message [EMAIL PROTECTED], CyberLeo Kitsana wrote:
Is there a way to specify which ports certain options are to be applied
to, without having to craft custom command lines and build ports
individually?
Is ports-mgmt/portconf what you are looking for?
I didn't know about ports-mgmt/portconf (will check it out now) but what
I use is the make.conf file.
This blog post
(http://blog.innerewut.de/articles/2006/01/14/upgrading-ports-and-preserv
e-mak e-options) is what enlightened me. And here's how the application
specific bits of my make.conf file looks:
.if ${.CURDIR:M*/shells/bash}
WITH_STATIC_BASH=yes
PREFIX=/
.endif
snip
That's exactly what I was looking for.
Also, if you use portupgrade there's a MAKE_ARGS section
of /usr/local/etc/pkgtools.conf.
Yes, but the problem with sepcifying custom options in there is that
sometimes portupgrade ignores it. I don't know for a fact, but the blog
post I linked to above mentions so.
Say, bash and its dependency gettext have updates. And you have specified
some custom options for gettext in pkgtools.conf. If you upgrade gettext
directly using portupgrade, then these options get honoured. Instead, if
you upgrade bash and gettext gets upgraded as a result of that, then the
pkgtools.conf options are not honoured. So the only solution then is to
use the make.conf file coz that's always honoured. (From what I see, the
portconf tool too adds its stuff to the make.conf file).
Please correct me if I've understood wrong.
Regards,
Rakhesh
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Re: oops, what have i done!
On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Adam J Richardson wrote: Pollywog wrote: On Saturday 28 July 2007 20:23:16 Erik Trulsson wrote: Short answer: It is perfectly normal. Don't worry. Longer answer: The reason you have all of them installed is that some ports need one of them, and others need another one etc. It is perfectly safe to have all of them installed at the same time. You can delete any or all of them if you wish, but don't be surprised if they get pulled in again by one port or another. Kind of related to this topic. Is there any way I can find installed packages that are *not* required by any other packages? Many a times while upgrading ports I've stumbled upon stuff that is no longer required by other packages but is still there ... (Possibly they were pulled in when I installed some package I wanted. Later I removed that, but forgot to remove this requirement package). Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: oops, what have i done!
On Wed, 1 Aug 2007, Robert Huff wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan writes: Kind of related to this topic. Is there any way I can find installed packages that are *not* required by any other packages? /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves ? Man, I love the ports system!! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: updating multiple freebsd desktops
On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, Bram Van Steenlandt wrote: So what I would really like is to make one machine the build/test machine and keep this machine up to date with the ports and portmanager or so. Can I then set up some kind of repo with the packages from this machine and run something like yum upgrade on every desktop we have ? 1. Use one machine as the build/ test machine. Let /usr/ports be on that, and shared to all the other machines. 2. Keep the ports tree up-to-date on this machine, and while building ports make packages too. (`make package-recursive` will do I guess). These will be stored on /usr/ports/packages. 3. On the clients, let /usr/ports be the shared one from the main machine. a) If you want to find the packages that need updating, use something like `pkg_version -l `. b) If you want to update *all* the packages, use something like `portupgrade -aPP`. I haven't done any of these myself. Just that if I were in a situation such as yours, this is what I'd probably do. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pkg_deinstall and pkg_delete
On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, Aton A wrote: What exactly is the difference between pkg_delete and pkg_deinstall? Should I be cautious about mixing them? Nopes, can mix them. pkg_deinstall uses pkg_delete infact. Just that it understands wildcards and supports recursing. pkg_deinstall is especially useful want to delete a package and all the stuff that was installed by it as dependencies ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: BSD Tar Question
On Tue, 31 Jul 2007, Chris Maness wrote: Does BSD tar implementation support splitting the archives? I have a 8G file that I want to burn on DVDs. I used to be able to do this with the linux GNU tar. I don't think so (atleast its not there in the manpages). Maybe you can use the GNU version of tar from archivers/gtar? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Downgrading from current
On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Ross Penner wrote: I have a lot of data on my /usr partition that I would rather not have to backup and then readd to the system. is there a way I can reinstall and leave parts of the file system intact? I assume that I can use the same partitions but I'm worried that reinstalling will clean the partitions. As long as your /usr is on a separate partition, you can choose to mount it at some other point and not format while re-installing FreeBSD. I don't recollect the exact steps off-hand, but I remember there being a Toggle NewFS or something like that option on the screen where you make partitions. Just toggle it off and the partition won't get formatted. Hope that helps. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Installation problem
On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Terrence Wilson wrote: I'm trying to install FreeBSD as part of a dual boot config on a hard disk which already contains Windows XP. I have created a partition for FreeBSD. My problem comes once I commit to the installation of FreeBSD. I get the following message, after which installation aborts: Unable to find device node for /dev/ad4s2b in /dev! The creation of filesystems will be aborted. What am I doing wrong? Are you trying to install FreeBSD in an extended partition? The /dev/ad*4*s2b makes me think so ... If yes, that won't work. You have to install FreeBSD in a primary partition. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Installation problem
On Mon, 30 Jul 2007, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 30/07/07, Rakhesh Sasidharan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Terrence Wilson wrote: I'm trying to install FreeBSD as part of a dual boot config on a hard disk which already contains Windows XP. I have created a partition for FreeBSD. My problem comes once I commit to the installation of FreeBSD. I get the following message, after which installation aborts: Unable to find device node for /dev/ad4s2b in /dev! The creation of filesystems will be aborted. What am I doing wrong? Are you trying to install FreeBSD in an extended partition? The /dev/ad*4*s2b makes me think so ... /dev/ad4 is probably his first SATA drive, the integer following s is the slice number (partition in the magical windows world) and if greater than 4 indicates an extended slice. I thought /dev/ad4s2b meant the 5th disk (since its ad4; ad0-ad3 being 1st to 4th disks), 2nd slice (s2), and second partition in that slice (b). Do SATA drives too come up as ad devices? I don't have experience with SATA drives, so don't know ... I know my IDE drives come up as ad and so would assume SATA will come up with a different name. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Upgraded Samba and Can't Connect with Win XP
On Sun, July 29, 2007 01:51, Drew Tomlinson wrote: I upgraded samba to 3.0.25a from 3.0.24. Now I can't connect with Windows XP clients however smbclient both locally and remotely works just fine. Basically when connecting from Windows XP, I see the connection in log.smbd and then it's immediately closed. See this snip: [2007/07/28 14:36:25, 1] smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1033) bigdaddy (192.168.1.3) connect to service Archive initially as user user name (uid=0, gid=1001) (pid 82696) [2007/07/28 14:36:25, 1] smbd/service.c:close_cnum(1230) bigdaddy (192.168.1.3) closed connection to service Archive The Windows machine was working fine with Samba before the upgrade. Any ideas what changed? I've read UPDATING and the samba docs but see nothing that addresses my symptoms. Google hasn't helped either. I recollect having some problems while upgrading from Samba 3.0.24 to 3.0.25. In my case, however, Samba kept crashing and complained about some corrupt .tdb files. Finally I deleted all the files in /var/db/samba and that fixed it for good. One thing that caught my attention in your snippet is the uid=0 part. Is your Windows user you are trying to connect as mapping to the Samba machine's root user? The first time I installed Samba I had made some mistakes in the config file and so my Windows user was getting mapped to uid 0 thus getting denied by Samba (coz I had defined root as an invalid user for security reasons). Maybe something like that is your problem? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Problems with ftp client
On 7/28/07, Alvaro Rosales [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello guys, I have a Freebsd 5.4 box, it is working perfectly as a file server, but I have noticed that I can not ftp to any computer other than localhost from this server. I have found this out when tried to install remotely a package. I have no firewall rules enabled on this server, I can ping the remote servers I want to connect but cannot ftp. My firewall is not blocking outgoing or incoming ip traffic from this computer. Is there any environment variable that I need to setup for the ftp client to work?. The error I get from the ftp client is Connection time out.I have searched in the messages log file but nothing is found there, is there any other log files where I could look for?. Can you telnet to port 21 of the FTP server? Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT: pc power on
On Sat, July 28, 2007 21:56, fbsd2 wrote: After a power outage my FBSD server does not restart automatically. Someone has to push the PC power on button on the front of the case. I tried to jumper the motherboard pins the wires from the power on button go to but that did not work. It starts for 3 seconds then goes off. How do I make the pc boot automatically after the power comes back on Usually the BIOS contains settings for these ... checked there? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: A question about 6.2 release
Hopefully this page will clear up things for you -- http://home.nyc.rr.com/computertaijutsu/release.html Regards, Rakhesh On Sun, July 29, 2007 12:38, PowerMan wrote: Dear sir, My first language is not English, if I made some bad words or expression, please forgive me. I have learned from your web site http://www.freebsd.org that 6.2-stable is relased on 15 Jan, 2007. But why there is also 6.2-stable snapshots released in May 2007 and June 2007? Should all snapshots be released before a final release is released? Should no snapshots be released after a final release is released? I can't express myself very well, I wish you can understand me. Thanks. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: portsnap from cron
On Sun, July 29, 2007 13:11, Tobias Roth wrote: Garrett Cooper wrote: That's not going to change until portversion changes. The problem is most likely that portsnap touches the file and portversion finds it necessary to update the portsdb. Processing the text from portversion will yield the info you want. Cheers, -Garrett Ohh, now at least I have an idea why it is suddenly happening, and how to fix it. I'll either run portsdb between portsnap and portversion, or try to grep out the unneeded stuff. I use pkg_version. Same functionality as portversion, but its slower coz it doesn't use the INDEX.db file. Maybe you could use that to avoid the messages? :) (The speed won't matter coz its run as a cron job anyways!) Do 'pkg_version -l ' to get a list of ports that need updating . Thanks, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Custom builds from ports
On Sun, July 29, 2007 01:37, N.J. Mann wrote:
In message [EMAIL PROTECTED], CyberLeo Kitsana wrote:
Is there a way to specify which ports certain options are to be applied
to, without having to craft custom command lines and build ports
individually?
Is ports-mgmt/portconf what you are looking for?
I didn't know about ports-mgmt/portconf (will check it out now) but what I
use is the make.conf file.
This blog post
(http://blog.innerewut.de/articles/2006/01/14/upgrading-ports-and-preserve-mak
e-options) is what enlightened me. And here's how the application specific
bits of my make.conf file looks:
.if ${.CURDIR:M*/shells/bash}
WITH_STATIC_BASH=yes
PREFIX=/
.endif
.if ${.CURDIR:M*/print/cups}
CUPS_OVERWRITE_BASE=yes
NO_LPR=yes
WITH_CUPS=yes
.endif
.if ${.CURDIR:M*/databases/mysql50-*}
# these two options supposedly give a speed boost
BUILD_OPTIMIZED=yes
BUILD_STATIC=yes
.endif
As you can see in the shells/bash case, I can even pass along PREFIX etc
arguments.
Hope that helps.
Regards,
Rakhesh
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Nothing happens with Qemu
Hi, I'm trying to get Qemu working on my FreeBSD 6.2 PC. But nothing seems to be happening. I posted my problem at the Qemu forums but haven't got any replies there (I wonder if any one even uses those forums coz mine is like the last post there!) Just trying my luck here too in case I get some tips/ ideas. Installed Qemu from the ports. Without SDL (coz I don't have X etc installed and I just SSH into this box). With KQEMU module. After that I ran /usr/local/etc/rc.d/kqemu for loading the modules aio and kqemu. All went fine. Next I created a 2G image. qemu-img create /tmp/something.img 2G. That too went fine. Then I tried to install some OS into this image. Put the CD in the drive, and tried qemu -boot d -cdrom /dev/acd0 -hda /tmp/something.img. But nothing happens! The CD starts spinning in the drive but nothing happens after that. I ran top and I can see the qemu process is active and taking some 128MB memory, but there's no other signs of life. I tried the above with two OSes. I tried with an Ubuntu server and also an OpenBSD 4.1. Tried both to make sure its not a OS specific problem. I even ripped the CDs to ISO files and tried running from that (coz I read someplace that FreeBSD Qemu has problems reading from CDs). But no luck ... whatever I do, nothing happens. I also tried with the -full-screen option. But no go. Finally, I tried running with the -nographic option. I remm reading somewhere that that usually helps. That time I get a (qemu) prompt and that's it -- nothing happens. Tried stuff like Ctrl+Alt+1,2,F, etc but nothing happens. Can't even Ctrl-C out. Finally had to kill the process from another terminal. I also tried with the option -monitor stdio. That gives me a (qemu) prompt in which I can type commands. But I couldn't figure a way to proceed further after that. I tried all these steps through SSH as well as on the console (including uncommenting the console entry in /etc/tty and trying). No luck. Any ideas what could be going wrong? I figure it must be something to do with me not having X and not compiling Qemu with SDL/ X support ... is that the case? Thanks, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Nothing happens with Qemu
Have you tried using the vnc option and connecting to qemu through a vnc client? As I already said, I recommend starting out on a machine with X until you're more familiar with qemu, as the default settings pretty much do that anyway, but I expect a vnc connection will be the second easiest. Thank you for your suggestions Bill. I don't want to install X coz I just use this as a headless machine but the VNC idea seems worth a try. :) Do you have any experience with this method btw? I mean, what do I do? Run with the VNC option and then use TightVNC or something to connect to some IP? Thanks! Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Nothing happens with Qemu
It seems logical that qemu would need to run on top of X, in much the same way that Firefox [just to pick an example at random] won't work without X. I'm still a FreeBSD newbie though, so I have no idea how X works. I'm still struggling to upgrade my Xorg to 7.2. [Stupid missing OpenGL drivers! :( ] Agreed, just that there are references a lot of places on the Net that Qemu can work without X. And the -no-graphic option is to force it to start that way in case you don't have X. Strange ... Thanks! Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Upgraded Samba and Can't Connect with Win XP -- SOLVED!!!
On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Drew Tomlinson wrote: Thanks for your reply. Oddly enough, rebooting the Windows clients has solved the problem. Windows must have been caching something that prevented it from staying connected to the new version. Rebooting Windows solves most problems! Heh! I hadn't noticed uid=0. Thanks for pointing that out as I'm sure it's a potential security issue. I was attempting to log on as myself which should have a uid=1000. In my case this was happening coz I had made some mistake in my smbusers file. I don't remember what the error was. (Either the file was not there at the location I specified or I had mapped my Windows username to FreBSD root -- one of these). Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: XEN questions
Does one run XEN inside of freebsd and then VMs inside that, or does one run XEN on the bare hardware and then run freebsd inside that? If I've already got freebsd running on my box, do I have to reload it from scratch or is there a way I can virtualize what I already have runing? Hi, Xen runs on the bare hardware and other OSes run atop Xen (i.e. they are specifically ported to the Xen hardware). But you don't have to install Xen on the bare hardware as such. Typically you install Xen on your OS. And then you install other OSes on this Xen installation. That's how it works. For example: Say you are running FreeBSD 7.0. You install Xen on FreeBSD 7.0. Then you install FreeBSD 6.2 and NetBSD 3.1 onto Xen. In Xen terminology, all these OS installations (including the FreeBSD 7.0 on which Xen is installed) are called domains. The FreeBSD 7.0 Xen domain is called dom0 (domain 0). While the FreeBSD 6.2 and NetBSD 3.1 Xen domains are called domU (domain User). dom0 is special coz that's what manages the other domains. Plus, that's where you install Xen first for it to interact with the hardware etc. Not all OSes support Xen on dom0. FreeBSD 6.2, for instance, doesn't. (It only supports domU). FreeBSD 7.0 would, I believe. NetBSD 3.1 does. In Linux, you need kernel 2.6.18 and greater I think. So to answer your question, if you are on FreeBSD 6.2, you can't try out Xen. You can, however, install FreeBSD 6.2 atop any Xen installation running on FreeBSD 7.0 and Linux or NetBSD 3.1 etc. Hope this helps. :) Regards, Rakhesh ps. This should be of some info -- http://tx.downloads.xensource.com/downloads/docs/user/#SECTION0114. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Nothing happens with Qemu
-nographic Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple command line application. The emulated serial port is redi- rected on the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel with a serial console. But, I do not think you can run most (any?) installers like this, without the serial console being redirected to _something_, and if you're doing this over ssh, that default something may not be immediately visible. Point. Which is why I even plugged in my monitor/ keyboard to the machine and ran Qemu at the console (I also uncommented the line in /etc/tty to enable console). Shouldn't that work then? Per above (not quoted) -cdrom /dev/acd0 might not work if the permissions are not set correctly on /dev/acd0. It is usually easier under qemu to use the downloaded image instead of burning to CD and all that. Or use dd to make a new image if you've already deleted it. Yup, had read that somewhere. So tried with an image file instead of the actual CD. No go. :-/ Regards, RAkhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: A simple question about patches for FreeBSD from http://security.freebsd.org/patches
Is that mean if I use 5.5-release, I should apply all the patches above and if I use 6.2-release I need only apply the FreeBSD-SA-07:05.libarchive.aschttp://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:05.libarchive.asc to FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind.aschttp://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind.asc ? Is that right? I'm not sure. (To be frank, I hadn't looked at the advisories so far. Since no one's answered your question yet, I just had a look at them to see if I can throw some light). The reason I say I am not sure is that if you click on the FreeBSD-SA-07:04.file.asc advisory for instance, you'll see that it applies to *all* FreeBSD releases. So if you are on the 6.2 release, this is one patch you have to apply. I'd suppose there are other patches too that similarly might apply to the 6.2 release. If you are on FreeBSD 6.2, use the freebsd-update tool to keep your system up-to-date. That automatically fetches the patches necessary for your system. If you are on FreeBSD 5.5, install this tool from ports. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: upgrade help
On Sun, 29 Jul 2007, Aton A wrote: Hi, I am unable to find this information anywhere in the manual or Google. Can someone please point me in the direction of upgrading from freeBSD 6.2--release to freeBSD 7 current? This might help -- http://people.freebsd.org/~rse/upgrade/freebsd-upgrade-6x-7x.txt. I haven't tried it. Regards, Rakhesh ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Creating a disklabel for NetBSD slice
Hi, I have FreeBSD 6.1 and NetBSD 3.0 on my machine. I can make disklabel entries (in NetBSD) for the FreeBSD partitions, and that way mount them in NetBSD. Just a matter of giving the absolute offset values of the partitions. But I cant find any straight forward way of mounting NetBSD partitions under FreeBSD. Doing disklabel /dev/ad0s2 (my NetBSD slice) gives an error message that there's no valid label to be found. So I make up a disklabel for ad0s2. I get the NetBSD disklabel into a file, edit it to make the number of partitions less than 8, remove all the miscellaneous info, change all the offsets to relative values, and then make a disklabel thus: disklabel -R ad0s2 nbsd.txt (nbsd.txt being the file which contains the disklabels). After this the disklabel is created fine, but when I boot into NetBSD, the disklabel there is messed up and so NetBSD can't load. I had a backup of the disklabels anyways (was expecting something like this), so I managed to get it fixed. Booted into a NetBSD install CD and restored the disklabel. And now when I boot into FreeBSD I see that its lost whatever disklabel I had written. So my question is this: is there any way I can get FreeBSD to create a disklabel for ad0s2, but *not overwrite* the NetBSD one? I mean, I see frequent references to on-disk label and in-core label in the manpage, and I was wondering maybe its possible to create a disklabel that's internal to FreeBSD and doesn't really overwrite the NetBSD one. Is that possible? What are these in-core and on-disk labels anyways? Thanks, Rakhesh -- NetBSD/i386 3.0 + pkgsrc-current | OpenBSD/i386 3.9 Toshiba Satellite L10-102 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 6.1-BETA 4 stable for normal use?
Thank you all, for the responses. :) I tried to do an Internet install of FreeBSD 6.1-BETA4 yesterday. As in, downloaded and burnt the bootonly ISO, then chose FTP install, and then told it to get the stuff from one of the FTP sites. But it fails for some reason! Keeps giving me the error that the ftp site cannot be resolved. :( I know the sites are fine coz if I reboot the laptop and go into Windows for instance, I can access those sites. And I've managed to successfully Internet install some Linux distros too. My laptop gets a DHCP address from my server, and it also has the correct nameserver etc details; yet it fails to connect to the FreeBSD ftp sites. I tried workarounds like giving a static IP to the laptop; or giving the IP address of the FTP site instead of the name -- but nopes, they all fail. Has anybody else faced similar problems? I even downloaded the 6.0 bootonly ISO and tried, but nopes, no use. Thanks, Rakhesh Pete Slagle [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, Mar 21, 2006 at 09:04:32PM -0800, Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Hi, I'd like to try out FreeBSD and was wondering whether I should start with 6.1-BETA4 or 6.0? Its just for home use anyways, more as a way to fool around with FreeBSD a bit, so was wondering if 6.1-BETA4 would suffice for the purpose ... is it stable enough or would it give me issues? Yes, it's quite stable and has many fewer bugs than 6.0. Kris Not only has 6.1-BETA4 been rock solid, it also (subjectively, I admit) feels significantly snappier than 6.0 on a frequently used but aging desktop box* when heavily multitasking. * single 550 MHz CPU, two SCSI-3 drives, 512 MB RAM - New Yahoo! Messenger with Voice. Call regular phones from your PC for low, low rates. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
6.1-BETA 4 stable for normal use?
Hi, I'd like to try out FreeBSD and was wondering whether I should start with 6.1-BETA4 or 6.0? Its just for home use anyways, more as a way to fool around with FreeBSD a bit, so was wondering if 6.1-BETA4 would suffice for the purpose ... is it stable enough or would it give me issues? Also, suppose I were to go with 6.0, is there some way I can update to the 6.1 release when its released, *without* downloading the CDs etc? Maybe give some command which would download the required parts over the Internet? Thanks, Rakhesh ps. Am not subscribed to the list, so a CC to me for any replies would be appreciated. Thanks. :) __ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 6.1-BETA 4 stable for normal use?
Great! That was a good point too. If I start with 6.0, it would be a good experience for me upgrading to 6.1. :) Super! Sergey Kovalev [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: Hi, I'd like to try out FreeBSD and was wondering whether I should start with 6.1-BETA4 or 6.0? Its just for home use anyways, more as a way to fool around with FreeBSD a bit, so was wondering if 6.1-BETA4 would suffice for the purpose ... is it stable enough or would it give me issues? Also, suppose I were to go with 6.0, is there some way I can update to the 6.1 release when its released, *without* downloading the CDs etc? Maybe give some command which would download the required parts over the Internet? I think you better install 6.0 so you can later upgrade it to 6.1 when it would be released and tested several weeks. The upgrade procedure is not so simple and requires much attention, but it is pretty good described in FreeBSD Handbook, and you can get valueble expirience in upgrading. You won't need to download CDs. Besides I think security patches for 6.0 would be provided until 6.2 version of FreeBSD will be released. - Yahoo! Mail Use Photomail to share photos without annoying attachments. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Error 29: Disk write error while installing GRUB
I did a brief check on the net, and it seems to be bug that has been fixed. What version of GRUB are you using? The bug was that GRUB wasn't mounting the disks read-write. Alternatively, maybe you want to make a GRUB boot disk, and then try installing from that? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Wed, 02 Feb 2005 16:05:06 +, Mark Ovens [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The limitation is in NTLDR because it's M$ so is only designed for booting M$ OSes and the BOOTSECT file method is designed for booting DOS and non-NT class Windows which could only boot from the first partition on the first drive anyway therefore there is no need for NTLDR to support booting from the second, third, etc. disk using a BOOTSECT file. Yes. I figured that yesterday after checking around. NTLDR has a limitation of not being able to boot OSes from other disks. So no, I dont think its a FreeBSD problem as such -- BootPart prolly modifies the bootsectors (while extracting) to add whatever info is required to let NTLDR boot it. :)) -- -- Rakhesh rax -at- rakhesh -dot- com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Wed, 2 Feb 2005 01:48:47 -0800, Loren M. Lang [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Unless BootPart specifically know about how the freebsd boot loaders work and how to reconize them, I doubt that it's modifying those parameters. Now the last 66 bytes of the MBR stores the partition table of the hard drive, it's possible that BootPart might try to modify that as it's not part of the boot loader, but the boot loader uses that information. Possible. I even checked BootPart's site and forums, but didn't find any mention that it is FreeBSD-aware etc. All they talk about is Windows and DOS and Linux. I had a good mind to sign up on the forums and ask the author -- but wasn't too keen on signing up and so left it. I know it modifies the bootsector some way, coz when I boot using the extracted file I get a message (and a second's pause) saying that this bootsector was extracted using BootPart blah blah ... -- -- Rakhesh rax -at- rakhesh -dot- com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Tue, 1 Feb 2005 04:10:49 -0800, Loren M. Lang [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think that you should be able to use boot0 and boot1 as a file once the apropriate fields are filled in. When boot0 and boot1 are written to the disk in their special locations, several bytes of each file are modified to reflex various paramaters like which disk or partition they should use. You should be able to extract them with dd and boot them externally from my understanding of it. boot1 is normally written to the first sector of the partitionthat freebsd is installed on, if that's the first partition on ur second hard drive then: dd if=/dev/ad1s1 of=boot1.img count=1 will extract the file to boot1.img might NTLDR should be able to use. dd if=/dev/ad1 of=boot0.img count=1 Nopes. This too is something I had tried. Coz I figured if BootPart is simply extracting sectors from the FreeBSD slice, then either of the commands above should do the same trick! But nopes, that too gave me errors. This is what really got me stumped! :(( But hmm, now that I look at ur commands once again, I realize that I had also added an option like bs=512. As in, what I used was ``dd if=/dev/ad1 of=boot0.img count=1 bs=512''. No specific reason for that extra option, just that that's what I used to extract the bootsectors for Fedora, and I figured its job is to extract just the first 512 bytes (and nothing else). Do you think bs=512 could be what's making things go wrong for me? -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Tue, 1 Feb 2005 19:04:07 +0400, Rakhesh Sasidharan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, 1 Feb 2005 04:10:49 -0800, Loren M. Lang [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think that you should be able to use boot0 and boot1 as a file once the apropriate fields are filled in. When boot0 and boot1 are written to the disk in their special locations, several bytes of each file are modified to reflex various paramaters like which disk or partition they should use. You should be able to extract them with dd and boot them externally from my understanding of it. boot1 is normally written to the first sector of the partitionthat freebsd is installed on, if that's the first partition on ur second hard drive then: dd if=/dev/ad1s1 of=boot1.img count=1 will extract the file to boot1.img might NTLDR should be able to use. dd if=/dev/ad1 of=boot0.img count=1 I just tried these again. Same results as when I had used the bs=512 option. Extracting boot0.img gets me back to the NTLDR screen; extracting boot1.img gives me a Boot Error message. But what you said above gave me an idea. Possibly BootPart modifies the extracted bootsectors specially, changing the special parameters to enable booting of the second disk from the first? Its a thought ... maybe the way these files are written to the disk (from where dd extracts them), the special parameters are not such that they can be booted from the first disk. But when BootPart extracts the sectors, it modifies these parameters, enabling the booting. What say? -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
Thanks for that link! I had read that part of the handbook a long time ago, and that's how my ideas of boot0 and boot1 and etc etc had gotten clear. Glad to see it once again -- in the context of my question! :)) So what I understand now is -- copying boot0 over to c:\bootsect.bsd will *not* work. Which explains why my MBR got messed up when I tried booting FreeBSD this way. :( But I'm still confused. How do I install boot0 using sysinstall? As far as I remm, sysinstall gives three options -- (a) leave the MBR untouched, (b) put a standard MBR, and (c) install BootEasy. My understanding is that option (b) copies boot0 to the MBR, and this that is what I had chosen while installing FreeBSD. How does one copy boot0 to a file using sysinstall?? On Mon, 31 Jan 2005 08:44:23 +, Mark Ovens [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: No, boot0 is just a normal file that is 512 bytes long. There is nothing special about it. In it is a bootloader program that can be used to boot FreeBSD, and if you run it during boot, it will read the partition table and look for all OSes. I think it will modify the partition table, though, marking the last OS you booted into, but that's the program running doing that, the file itself is harmless. Ok. I must have used some other command then, which resulted in my first disk MBR getting over-written ... strange. :-/ By the way, does the fact that NTLDR is on my first disk, while FreeBSD (and hence its MBR boot0) is on my second disk complicate matters? I mean, you mention boot0 will modify my partition table to reflect which OS was booted last -- will it by any chance modify the partition table on the first disk and hence mess it? Yes and yes, http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/disks.html#NT-BOOTLOADER Regards, Mark --- avast! Antivirus: Outbound message clean. Virus Database (VPS): 0504-4, 28/01/2005 Tested on: 31/01/2005 08:44:24 avast! - copyright (c) 2000-2004 ALWIL Software. http://www.avast.com -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
So that means I should install boot0 to the MBR of my second disk, using boot0cfg with the -o noupdate flag, and then extract that MBR (using dd for instance) to a file like c:\bootsectbsd? That should work? Or wait, maybe there's no need to extract. When I install boot0 to the MBR, possibly the boot0 file modified also, and so I just need to copy that to c:\bootsect.bsd and then boot using NTLDR. Right? On Mon, 31 Jan 2005 02:11:52 -0800, Loren M. Lang [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Mon, Jan 31, 2005 at 11:59:11AM +0400, Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: No, boot0 is just a normal file that is 512 bytes long. There is nothing special about it. In it is a bootloader program that can be used to boot FreeBSD, and if you run it during boot, it will read the partition table and look for all OSes. I think it will modify the partition table, though, marking the last OS you booted into, but that's the program running doing that, the file itself is harmless. Ok. I must have used some other command then, which resulted in my first disk MBR getting over-written ... strange. :-/ By the way, does the fact that NTLDR is on my first disk, while FreeBSD (and hence its MBR boot0) is on my second disk complicate matters? I mean, you mention boot0 will modify my partition table to reflect which OS was booted last -- will it by any chance modify the partition table on the first disk and hence mess it? You can disable this behavior of boot0 when you install the MBR on the second disk using the -o noupdate argument to boot0cfg. -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- I sense much NT in you. NT leads to Bluescreen. Bluescreen leads to downtime. Downtime leads to suffering. NT is the path to the darkside. Powerful Unix is. Public Key: ftp://ftp.tallye.com/pub/lorenl_pubkey.asc Fingerprint: B3B9 D669 69C9 09EC 1BCD 835A FAF3 7A46 E4A3 280C -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Mon, 31 Jan 2005 11:33:59 +, Mark Ovens [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I rewrote that section of the FAQ years ago (around FreeBSD 3.1!!) because the previous wording was unclear and I did _exactly_ what Rakhesh has done :-( Ah! Glad to see I am not the only one. :))) Felt really goofy when I read that this goofup that I did was clearly documented in the handbook! Thankfully I had backups (I keep doing this sort of messups every now and then :p) and so I wasn't too freaked out when I discovered my entire partition table and boot sectors erased -- but it wasn't a nice sight either. The thought of re-installing everything, plus restoring from backups, yada yada yada ... thankfully I managed to find a program for recovering the partitions. Caveat: Things have no doubt changed since then so it may now be possible to add FreeBSD to the NTLDR menu with FreeBSD on a different disk, but I've never investigated it as I am happy with the solution I use. Actually, I know that I can very well use GRUB or BootEasy to do this job. But I dunno, its this curiousity that has gotten over me -- to explore NTLDR a bit more, and to see why I can't boot into FreeBSD with it. If I had gotten a definitive answer that its *not* possible, then I would have given up -- but as it is, nobody has said its not possible, and added to that I can see if I extract the bootsectors using a program like BootPart then things work, and so I am highly curious why I can't get things working with conventional tools and methods like dd etc! Guess if I get no answers, I'll just start using BootEasy, but I'm curious why things dont work nevertheless. :)) And I'm all the more curious what changes BootPart makes to the extracted bootsectors to make them work with NTLDR. -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Mon, 31 Jan 2005 16:06:39 +, Mark Ovens [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hehe! I did it the hard way; I manually recreated the partition table - 3 partitions! In fact.[roots around in drawer]..yes, still got the printout of the spreadsheet I used to calculated the start and end CHS values - don't know why, the disk was replaced ages ago :-) Hehe! How did u manually recreate the partition table? U had the sizes and sectors etc stored somewhere? On my previous machine, I used to have fdisk listings of all my disks as a printout -- coz I've done this kind of goofups many a times, and so usually have been careful to keep a listing of the sector values etc. But this time, I was on my parents' machine, and since I hadn't really started using it big time, I was careless enough not to take a precaution like this. (But I guess I was not thaaat careless enough to not take backups either, hehe!) I was lucky to find this demo program called Active Partition UnEraser or something. Being demo, it would only show me the starting and ending sectors of all the partitions -- but that was fine with me coz once I got those values, it was just a matter of noting them down and then booting into Linux (coz that's what I had apart from FreeBSD) and recreating the tables using its fdisk program. :)) IRCC, boot0 is the MBR and boot1 is the boot sector (of the FreeBSD partition (slice)) and they only ontain info about the local disk, i.e. _relative_ info in effect, so if FreeBSD is on your second disk and you copy boot1 to C:\BOOTSECT.BSD and add an entry for it in BOOT.INI then NTLDR has know way of knowing that it refers to the second HDD and so can't boot because the info doesn't match the layout of the first HDD. Remember boot0 and boot1 are restricted to 512bytes - one sector. That is the reason as far as remember. Oh yeah ... doh! Silly me! Ofcourse boot1 contains the info relative to the FreeBSD disk, so copying it across to C:\BOOTSECT.BSD wont help! Silly me! :)) So that's why copying boot1 and loader didn't help -- coz they were all relative to the FreeBSD disk. And copying boot0 too didnt help coz of the MBR re-writing thingy. :p What magic does BootPart do, I still wonder! I mean, if its just extracting the bootsectors as the program says, then an alternative way of extracting (like dd etc) too should work! But they dont -- meaning, BootPart does more than just extracting, I guess. -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
On Mon, 31 Jan 2005 17:22:48 +, Joe Kraft [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: This should have said boot1, for all the reasons mentioned in the rest of the thread and in the handbook. Sorry, Nah! boot1 does not work either! I've tried ... I guess it might work if FreeBSD is on the first disk, but it doesn't work if its on the second. The only way I know as of now to boot into FreeBSD -- if its on the second disk -- and you want to use NTLDR, is to use something like BootPart to extract the bootsectors into C:\BOOTSECT.BSD and use that in BOOT.INI to boot. Now why are things that way, is still a mystery to me. :)) -- -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
Hi Joe! Thanks for that. I'll try that today evening from home, and see how it goes. :)) But now here's something else. A doubt actually, based on what you said. I didn't mention this in my previous post -- but I had infact copied the /boot/boot0 file to my WinXP partition (though I can't recollect if I renamed the file like you said), and poof!! my whole parition table and MBR was overwritten!! Suddenly there's no more WinXP, and all my partitions there are gone, and all I can boot into is FreeBSD! Thankfully I had Fedora, and using that I searched the net for partition unerasing programs, found a demo version which would just show me all the deleted paritions (thank god!), booted with a DOS floppy and used this program to find the sector numbers of all my paritions, and then used Linux fdisk to recreate those partitions and move on. :D At that time I reasoned out that since /boot/boot0 is a copy of the FreeBSD, maybe somehow it overwrote my /dev/ad0 MBR when I copied the file over (possibly this file is special or something) and that's how things got messed up. Could you throw some light on what could have made things happen that way? Is the fact that I copied boot0 without renaming what caused all these problems? Is boot0 a special file or something? Thanks, Rakhesh On Sun, 30 Jan 2005 09:04:20 +, Joe Kraft [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Rakhesh Sasidharan wrote: I didnt see a copy of this mail returned to me, so am sure if it has reached the list. Since I just subscribed, its possible something is wrong -- and so am resending it. Sorry for the inconv. :)) On Sun, 30 Jan 2005 10:47:41 +0400, Rakhesh Sasidharan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, Are there any issues in booting FreeBSD using NTLDR? My machine has Windows XP, Fedora Core 3, and FreeBSD-5.3, and while I know I can use GRUB to boot FreeBSD, I want to try booting it using NTLDR. Just for kicks -- its something I haven't tried so far. :)) My ad0 disk has WinXP (and NTLDR), while ad1 has FreeBSD. I tried the usual suggestions of extracting the first 512 bytes of /dev/ad1 (using dd) into a file and telling NTLDR to use that file for booting. But it doesn't work. Then I tried extracting 512 bytes from other locations like /dev/ad1s1 and /dev/ad1s1a and /dev/ad1s1c, but to no avail. Finally I even tried copying over copying /boot/boot1 (and even /boot/boot2 and /boot/loader coz I was at my wits end) to a file, and telling NTLDR to use that file for booting -- but again nada! Most of the times I'd get a Boot Error message, while at other times nothing happens. Searching around on Google, I found a post to freebsd-stable that asks the same question (http://www.mail-archive.com/freebsd-stable@freebsd.org/msg64950.html). The reply given there was to use this program called BOOTPART (can be run from Windows, it extracts the bootsector of any partition you specify, which can then be used to boot into that partition using NTLDR). Using that program does allow me extract the bootsectors of the FreeBSD partition, and use that from NTLDR to boot into it -- but I am still stumped -- how does this program manage to extract the bootsectors, while dd is not? I've used the dd method to successfully boot into Fedora Core 3 using NTLDR, so I know it generally does the job. Any suggestions folks? Is there some incompatibility thing with NTLDR, or am I going wrong somewhere? Thanks, Rakhesh I'm doing it with Win2k, I haven't tried it yet with XP though. And I'll preface this, with I'm doing this from memory because I can't find the web page they originally came from. I had Win2k set up already with an empty partition for FBSD. A fresh backup of the windows part, and the magic recovery disk may ease concerns of trashing what you have, but I like to live dangerously so I didn't have them. Boot the FBSD install CD and install, when you're setting up the partition I've tried to get the installer to leave the boot loader alone, but NTLDR gets clobbered every time. When you've got FBSD running, save a copy of /boot/boot0 somewhere you will be able to get to it from Windows. Now you've bot FBSD but not windows, now go back to your Win2k install CD and repair your current installation, all you should have do do is the 'inspect boot files part. Once windows restarts, as administrator you need to edit boot.ini to add an entry for FBSD. Mine looks like (the last line wrapped, but should be a single line): [EMAIL PROTECTED] mnt]# cat boot.ini [boot loader] timeout=10 default=C:\freebsd.boot [operating systems] C:\freebsd.boot=FreeBSD multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT=Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional /fastdetect Then copy the boot0 file to C: drive (I called it freebsd.boot). Restart the computer and you should have two choices in the list and you can choose to boot windows or FBSD. Best of luck, Joe. -- Rakhesh
Re: Booting FreeBSD-5.3 from NTLDR
No, boot0 is just a normal file that is 512 bytes long. There is nothing special about it. In it is a bootloader program that can be used to boot FreeBSD, and if you run it during boot, it will read the partition table and look for all OSes. I think it will modify the partition table, though, marking the last OS you booted into, but that's the program running doing that, the file itself is harmless. Ok. I must have used some other command then, which resulted in my first disk MBR getting over-written ... strange. :-/ By the way, does the fact that NTLDR is on my first disk, while FreeBSD (and hence its MBR boot0) is on my second disk complicate matters? I mean, you mention boot0 will modify my partition table to reflect which OS was booted last -- will it by any chance modify the partition table on the first disk and hence mess it? -- Rakhesh [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
