These are not necessarily problems due to the fryer
itself. Instead, the problems are due to the behavior
of the user.
As with lawnmowers and table saws, the fryer can be
(and probably should be) designed to thwart any behavior
shortcomings.
Rich
-Original Message-
From:
Hi Brian:
Is it valid to assume that RF effects at the ionic level will
result in physiological effects at the system level ?
The short answer is yes.
Ionic balance is an important measure of
the quality of health. Here is a very
brief explanation of one effect of ionic
imbalance:
Orgalime position paper:
EU manufacturers suffer from malfunctioning
of the US certification market: potential
abuse of dominant position
http://www.orgalime.org/Pdf/PP_possible_abuse_of_dominant_position_in_US_cer
tification_market_oct11.pdf
This practice of denying recognition of
component
,
an inspector must sign off on the installation before
it can be put to use.
Best wishes for the holiday season,
Richard Nute
Product Safety Consultant
Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A.
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Michael
Loerzer
Sent
I think a UL or CSA or VDE, etc recognized part should be acceptable by any
and all agencies. At least safety-critical aspects of its construction are
controlled by 3rd party and therefore subject to regular audit.
UL, CSA, and VDE each have their own component
standards -- which are not
In my many visits to high altitude, I have never noticed an abrupt change in
pressure from 80 kPa to 70 kPa at 2001 meters altitude.
Hi Doug:
Indeed, nature seldom has abrupt changes.
However, standards committees tend to use tables rather
than graphs. Tables depict step-functions,
Hi Peter:
Hmm. What's the current status of the ISO 9000 game?
Best wishes for the New Year!
Rich
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf
Of Peter Tarver
Sent: Thursday, December 29, 2011 4:10 PM
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject:
The way the term NRTL has been used here is
mostly wrong. I want to clarify what the term
NRTL means.
In the U.S.A., NRTL certification is NOT
mandatory. Safety certification is NOT
mandatory.
The U.S.A. has two sets of drivers for safety
certification of electrical products:
1) The
Sorry Rich but I have to disagree as the CEA document I have shows State
laws which specifically call out an NRTL being mandatory to distribute
electronic equipment into those States.
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Richard Nute
Sent: Saturday, January 07, 2012 7:53
Hi John:
O.K. Rich maybe we are saying the same thing? My point was an NRTL mark is
basically required to sell electronic product in some states.
Yes, an NRTL mark almost always satisfies both the
employer's compliance with OSHA and the local AHJ.
This is the way most of us do business.
Hi John:
Unless I've totally misunderstand things, UL is a commercial company, and is
only one of several (many?) competing companies able to provide
certification services, albeit the largest of them. How can it be valid law
in any state to give a private company a monopoly position in the
Hi Ron:
It appears that most of these laws are targeted at electrical consumer
products used in the home, not always a business or place of work.
Therefore, this goes to show that many product families are not identified
in these laws and they are not mandated to be NRTL listed unless you
Hi Bill:
State laws haven't cleaned up their text in all cases, and quite often, the
rhetoric used to describe safety approvals, still uses UL when NRTL is
meant.
No. I have been trying to say that NRTL is not
universal certification that is accepted in all
jurisdictions. (UL is
Under electrical codes, NRTL certification is NOT
one-size-fits-all.
But is this efficient and desirable?
No, to both. Electrical codes are administered
by governments...
-
This message is from the IEEE Product Safety
Temperature rise is always an exponential curve.
I've looked and looked for a means of predicting
steady-state temperature during the initial rise
of temperature from the cold state. It can't
be done.
Once the data is reasonably complete, one can
determine the constants for the curve.
Because
Hi Michael:
Nice to hear from you.
1. Is the involvement of an AHJ mandatory? If yes, who is
responsible to
involve the AHJ? The FARMER or the IMPORTER? My
understanding: the FARMER
in each county is responsible to involve the AHJ. To ensure
that the machine
is safe it is recommended
Hi Brian:
You can get country/plug data from a number of
sources. Then, you can determine the minimum
number of plugs to cover the most number of
countries. Do a spreadsheet and a histogram.
Then, you need a third dimension, the number
of potential customers for each plug. I suppose
you
My nifty Samsung TV is rated 100-240, 50/60 Hz.
Per the discussion here:
100-240 indicates a continuous range;
50/60 Hz implies two discrete switchable ranges.
As mentioned in this discussion, 50/60 implies a
range of frequencies between 50 and 60 where the
TV would not operate. Of
Basis for rating info on label of consumer product based on regional
electric code and marking requirement in scoped safety
standard. Basis for
rating on a component is to verify comformity. Note the rationale in
60950-1: Equipment shall be provided with a power rating marking, the
Hi Peter:
I believe rating markings, energy efficiency ratings, EMC and
Radio markings should be harmonized worldwide and
governments/regulators should be involved to train consumers
the meaning these markings.
As a consumer, why do I need to know the meaning
of EMC and Radio markings?
The ratings could just as well be in the accompanying documents.
... which are thrown away, no, sorry, *recycled*, with the packaging.
Of course. But, as I said before, why do I
need to know the ratings? Especially after
the equipment is installed?
Most manufacturers now provide e-copies
Ha!
The rating markings are for the test house to
determine whether the primary components are
suitably rated!
;-)
-
This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society emc-pstc
discussion list.
The Oregon-SW Washington PSES chapter will
meet on Tuesday, February 21.
Time: 6:30 PM food, 7:00 PM presentation
Site: Room 101 Shiley Hall, University of Portland
Topic:Introduction to IEC 62368-1, including HBSE
Speaker: Richard Nute, Product Safety Consultant
Life Senior
After all this discussion,
Does anyone know the Mains Voltage in the US.
It was once 110 VAC and then 115 VAC.
I heard that now it may be 120 VAC
Any info would be helpful
Mains voltage in the USA is set by the local utility.
For example, Clark County Public Utility, where I live,
supplies
Hi Scott:
Thanks for the information!
Best regards,
Rich
-Original Message-
From: Aldous, Scott [mailto:scott.ald...@aei.com]
Sent: Thursday, March 22, 2012 11:16 AM
To: ri...@ieee.org; 'itl-emc user group'; EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: RE: [PSES] Mains voltage in
Hi Brian:
- CoC from plastic component supplier that is not recognized molder.
I simply did not accept a non-recognized molder. If we
want to use a non-recognized molder, I accept parts
provided that the molder can provide documents showing
he is in process of becoming a recognized molder.
Mr. Woodgate suggests:
What you do is make the design team leader *responsible*for the
compliance of the design. He/she doesn't do the tests but has to
understand the standards that apply enough to assess the test reports
and sign them off.
Absolutely! I have successfully used this
I once worked with an EMC engineer who measured
the performance of himself and his time by the
cost of the components that were used in the
equipment solely for the purpose of EMC control.
His objective was to reduce the cost of compliance
by advising designers of careful layout so as to
Hi Scott:
You are correct: no product standards specify
wire color for internal mains circuits. Never.
Way back, some certification engineers required
internal mains wiring to be the same color as
the power cord, which is the same color as the
building wiring: blue-brown or white-black for
Hi Grace:
Since the lab has requested a 60065 CB, I would seek a
second CB, for IEC 60065, rather than argue with the lab.
The physical construction of a power adapter meets both
standards. The terminology differs, and the CB differs.
This should be a paperwork endeavor with no
Would you like to check the latest draft of IEC 62368-1 to see if it
treats the subject correctly?
With respect to this problem, yes, IEC 62368-1 treats
the subject correctly.
Best regards,
Richard Nute
Product Safety Consultant
Bend, Oregon, U.S.A
.
Best regards,
Richard Nute
-
This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering
Society emc-pstc discussion list. To post a message to the
list, send your e-mail to emc-p...@ieee.org
All emc-pstc postings are archived
) and the causes of varistor
conflagration. Then, TC66 should apply those requirements
from IEC 61051 that are likely to prevent conflagration
as well as prevent spread of fire in the event of
conflagration of the varistor.
Best regards,
Richard Nute
Product Safety Consultant
Bend, Oregon, U.S.A
Hi Brian:
Related note - have been running long-term (day 22) test, inspired by
another PSTC thread, where a unit is continually subject to
1500Vac D/E
withstand. At irregular intervals, or until the boss tells me to stop
wasting time, I remove the unit from hi-pot and perform IR
Hi Nic:
Opposite polarity is a term I first came across in UL standards.
As you have, I understood polarity applied to D.C.
UL applied the term to A.C., meaning the opposite (or return)
pole of the supply.
Here's a definition of polarity from the net:
polarity (p??'lær?t?)
- n
1. the
Hi Doug:
This doesn't answer your questions...
Ideal Twister Pro wire nuts are CE marked and claimed
to meet international standards. This would imply that
such connection means are acceptable in Europe.
Also, Ideal makes a push-in wire connector that can
be put into a separate box. Kinda
Hi Jim:
According to the IEC web site, IEC 61000-3-2, Edition 3.2, dated 2009-04,
is the current edition.
This document is indicated as
61000-3-2 IEC:2005+A1:2008+A2:2009
which means the base document is the 2005 edition and includes 2008
and 2009 amendments.
In my experience with IEC
From the photo, I believe we see two wire nuts, the plastic cases of
which have fused together. One wire nut connects the two black
(live) wires, and one wire nut connects the two white (neutral) wires.
(Note the smoke deposits on the white wires.)
A yellow wire nut is rated for minimum 2 #18 up
Need an RFID expert consultant who can do system
design and programming (not for me, but for another
party).
Please send resume and references for completed
jobs. I will forward to the other party.
Richard Nute
Bend, Oregon
ri...@ieee.org
Hi Richard:
Unfortunately, this situation mixes two, independent
requirements: 1) electrical insulation requirements,
and 2) anti-fire requirements.
If the clearance (air insulation) is insufficient for
basic insulation, then a solid insulation may be used
in place of the clearance.
If
Gentlemen:
Please recall that Ethernet is isolated from the sender/receiver
circuits at each end of the Ethernet circuit (where the isolation
in the equipment usually is a part of the Ethernet RJ45 connector).
The isolation is 1500 V rms. Why? Because building transients
magnetically couple
the government to assure workplace safety.
The incremental cost of safety for buyers of
garments made in Bangladesh? Zero.
Fortunately, this is not the case for most of
us. Regulations for safety certification mean
we must spend some minimal amount on safety.
Richard Nute
Bend, Oregon
Presumably, the MOVs in question are connected
line to neutral.
I would expect the designer would design his
primary circuit to withstand the normally-expected
1500 V transient.
Why use an MOV???
Best wishes for the holiday season,
Rich
-
Hi Doug:
In both of these cases, what would be the energy the
MOV would be required to dissipate?
Thanks,
Rich
-Original Message-
From: doug...@gmail.com
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2012 3:16 PM
To: Richard Nute ; EMC-PSTC
Subject: Re: [PSES] Why use an MOV?
In the case of IEC
Hi Sudakar:
No, the tests are not the same because the energy
is not the only parameter. One must consider both
the impact area and the elasticity of the collision.
The ball is 50 mm diameter while the impact hammer is
20 mm diameter.
In some cases, the 20 mm sphere will contact a part
According to the spec sheet, the TOS3200 excludes medical purposes.
Check out EDD Model LT-601.
On 1/8/2013 6:09 PM, sudhakar wasnik wrote:
Kikusui TOS3200
-
This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering
Hi Amund:
Table 2M specifies minimum distance for functional,
basic, supplementary, and reinforced clearances.
Basic insulation is defined (1.2.9.2) as insulation
providing basic protection against electric shock.
Electric shock is not defined. However, persons may
have access to SELV, but
Hi Amund:
Depending on test house acceptance, you can perform
a fault test by shorting the 12 V to the safety
ground. If the result is no shock hazard (which will
be the result), then the Table 2M clearance distances
can be ignored (for both SELV and ELV circuits).
Best regards,
Rich
On
...@goglobalcompliance.com
Go Global Compliance Inc.
www.goglobalcompliance.com http://www.goglobalcompliance.com
(408) 931-3303
On Jan 29, 2013, at 12:13 PM, Richard Nute ri...@ieee.org
mailto:ri...@ieee.org wrote:
Hi Amund:
Depending on test house acceptance, you can perform
a fault test by shorting the 12 V
Association, has just published its
Technical Report TR/106, which provides guidance and comparison between
60950-1 and 62368-1. The report was published by ECMA’s TC12 on Product
Safety, and the effort to develop and publish the TR was very capably
led by Mr. Richard Nute. Thank you Rich and members
the work!
Best regards,
Rich
On 2/25/2013 12:05 PM, Tyra, John wrote:
Thanks Rich,
Much appreciated.
Is there a similar dedicated document comparison for IEC60065 available?
Regards,
John
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Richard Nute
Sent
a comparison to IEC 62368 Edition 2, which
is supposed to be published early next year?
I look forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Ron Pickard
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf Of Richard Nute
Sent: Monday, February 25, 2013 12:45 PM
To: EMC-PSTC
Cc
Hi Brian:
On 2/26/2013 10:06 AM, Brian Oconnell
wrote:
More good stuff from Mr. Nute. And more questions from the peanut gallery.
1. Other than the SPD and flame test issues, what where the problems that
the TC had with the 1st edition?
Hi Ron:
I don't know about the IECEE, but the TRF for Ed 1 is done.
I would guess that the TRF for Ed 2, if not done, should be
done shortly and in time for the standard Ed 2.
TC 108 is meeting March 18-22 where all should be revealed.
Best regards,
Rich
On 2/26/2013 3:37 PM, Ron Pickard
Why do you let yourself be caught up in a discussion
of language?
Seems to me the question is not much different than,
How is the test data affected if you use a FET rather
than a bipolar transistor?
Seems to me that the question about meters, source,
logger, and load can be simply answered by
Hi Chris:
Having absolutely no experience in distribution gear
and safety requirements...
I presume you are describing a situation where a
600 V wire is adjacent and in contact with a 300 V
wire.
If this is the case, then I would guess: If there
is a fault in the 600 V insulation, then the
Another NRTL (headquarters in the U.S.A.) south of the
40th parallel is NEMKO (San Diego, ~32.7 N).
Rich
44.0736 N, -121.3372 W
On 3/2/2013 9:44 AM, Ted Eckert wrote:
Let me clarify that my response is intended only in jest and is not intended as
a critical response. (I don't know how well
The Mason Dixon Line only extends to the southwest
corner of Pennsylvania, not all the way across the
U.S.A. :-)
On 3/3/2013 7:29 PM, Bill Owsley wrote:
Otherwise, colloquially known as the Mason-Dixon line
The following message was posted to LinkedIn by Tom Burke:
As shared previously, the latest Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) for
Edition No. 2 of IEC 62368-1 (108/495A/CDV) was distributed in December
and had a closing date for voting by TC108 National Committee
Participating (P) members of
I agree with Ted, John, and Scott.
Cotton doesn't self-ignite from heat alone unless the heat
is applied quite quickly, before the cotton chars. In many
cases, ignition of cotton requires a flame. Charred cotton
doesn't burn.
The Handbook of Physical Testing gives cotton ignition
temperature as
Hi David:
Also known as mineral spirits, Stoddard solvent, and white spirits.
Very close to turpentine and paint thinner, which you can buy at the
hardware store.
Check out:
http://www.naturalpigments.com/detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=520-7751
Note the description is almost word-for-word the
Hi David:
Two issues are involved here:
1) Label adherence to the surface to which it is attached;
2) Durability of the data printed on the label.
I don't have a copy of UL 969, so I don't know if it
addresses both issues.
If you are dealing with UL, I'm sure you can get them to
accept UL
On 3/26/2013 1:50 PM, John Woodgate wrote:
NO! Turpentine is VERY different indeed chemically. 'Paint thinner'
these days can be anything from water, through ethylene trichloride
and carbon tetrachloride to 'white spirit' and stuff more like gasoline.
Yes, but...
Solvent action (if it is
Hi Jose:
The voltage of the test generator is of no consequence.
The test is performed at 30 amps (for a 15-amp mains) into
a resistance not exceeding 0.1 ohm. According to Ohm's Law,
the voltage across the 0.1 ohm resistor is 3 volts.
On the other hand, if the potential is 12 volts and the
through it.
Ken Javor
Phone: (256) 650-5261
From: John Woodgate j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 20:20:30 +
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: Re: protective bonding test at 12V
In message 5155f037.6080...@ieee.org, dated Fri, 29 Mar 2013, Richard
Nute ri...@ieee.org
Hi Carl:
I suggest you take it up a notch with NRTL2. Take it up
the management chain at NRTL2. NRTL managers tend to be
more open to issues of added cost to their client,
especially where the value of the requirement is
questionable.
At the same time, the manager has some duty to support
his
Listen to the report:
http://www.npr.org/2013/05/01/180103898/foreign-factory-audits-profitable-but-flawed-business
(The accompanying text leaves out some details.)
Rich
-
This message is from the IEEE Product Safety
Hi Bill:
SPDs, regardless of configuration, are notorious for being
prone to failure, either short-circuit or open-circuit or
any value of resistance between those two extremes. (One
cannot predict the energy the SPD will be required to
dissipate.)
From a safety point of view, all such
On 5/12/2013 12:39 PM, John Woodgate wrote:
In message 518feba9.7000...@ieee.org, dated Sun, 12 May 2013,
Richard Nute ri...@ieee.org writes:
As for the requirement for the GDT to pass the hi-pot test...
??? I don't have any rationale for this.
If its seal was broken, letting the magic gas
Hi Joe:
Very quickly...
SPDs are not considered reliable components or assemblies.
The safety standards anticipate a failure -- anywhere from
open-circuit to short-circuit.
In the event of an open-circuit, there is no indication of
such a failure. And, of course, all transients then pass
Hi Joe:
Sorry for the delay in my reply to your questions.
SPDs are used on mains circuits, both between the
poles and poles to earth. In this latter application,
the SPD is in parallel with basic insulation.
SPDs are also used on low-voltage external circuits
that are subject to transient
Hi Bill:
On 5/21/2013 7:34 PM, Bill Owsley
wrote:
A surge into a 300 volt SPD transfers that surge voltage to the
open ground (chassis) and there is now a hazard !!!
An SPD will not operate
Hi Brian:
According to 6.10.3 and 6.3.1, the requirement is:
At 5 seconds, if the voltage exceeds 70 volts,
the charge must not exceed 45 uC.
Figure 3, Line A, is simply a 45 uC line as a
function of capacitance and voltage. This line
is derived from the formula:
q = C * V
where
Hi Joe:
On 5/31/2013 8:16 PM, Joe Randolph
wrote:
Hi Rich:
Thanks for responding to my request for an explanation of the
logic
behind allowing SPDs across isolation barriers.
Overall, the
As a start, check out hybrid SJT-HO5VV:
http://www.signalandpower.com/Hybrid-USA-and-Harmonized-Bulk-Power-Cord-Wire/
On 6/10/2013 9:40 AM, Peter Merguerian wrote:
Dear Experts,
Is North American SVT type cord lighter or heavier than European ordinary PVC
Sheathed cord designated 60227 IEC
When the arc forms, the maximum power in the arc is
the rated voltage of the fuse times the rated
interrupt current.
Both E and I are important for a safe (non-explosive)
operation.
Rich
On 7/1/2013 7:20 AM, McInturff, Gary wrote:
The voltage rating on a fuse, if I remember correctly,
Check out
http://www.atecorp.com/ATECorp/media/pdfs/Keytek-ECAT_Specs.pdf
page 2. Has input resistance, not impedance.
On 7/10/2013 5:21 PM, Doug Powell wrote:
All,
Does anyone happen to know where I can find a specificaiton or data
sheet for the Keytek PK1001D 6kV differential probe
Hi Ed:
The signs don't tell us which carcinogens, or their location
within the site. Without this information, how can I make
informed decisions to protect myself from those carcinogens
that might be harmful to me other than avoid the site? So,
I shouldn't go into and shop at Home Depot? (Of
Hi Gary:
Personally, I support the sales force with whatever they
need.
If I understand correctly, you have low-voltage device.
Chances are that none of the standards changes affect
your device. Updating your certification should take
less time than arguing against the work, and would make
On 7/27/2013 12:29 AM, John Woodgate wrote:
Class I products can, and very often do, have parts that are insulated
to Class II requirements.
You cannot build a Class I product with a secondary circuit
without also having Class II construction. Think about it.
A typical power cord carries 2
On 7/27/2013 9:50 AM, John Woodgate wrote:
In message 51f3f5ff.7030...@ieee.org, dated Sat, 27 Jul 2013,
Richard Nute ri...@ieee.org writes:
On 7/27/2013 12:29 AM, John Woodgate wrote:
Class I products can, and very often do, have parts that are
insulated to Class II requirements.
You
Hi Scott:
Class II products have two levels of insulation: basic and
supplementary insulations. Each insulation is safe to prevent
from electrical shock in normal use. Why does a product need two
levels of insulation in its lifespan? How often is a second
insulation
Hi Scott:
Scott: If the possibility is so small, is it worthwhile to recall the
products that one insulation deteriorates? Stopping sale is a must.
If one insulation deteriorates or fails, then one may not know
when the next insulation fails. So it is necessary to recall.
Scott: Those
Hello Bostjan:
I agree with John Woodgate. The fuse is being
used beyond its ratings. It cannot be relied
upon to interrupt the fault current.
Rich
On 8/5/2013 9:46 PM, Boštjan Glavič wrote:
Dear safety experts,
During the abnormal tests in primary circuit, internal input fuse
Hello Bostjan:
If the LED monitor runs on mains voltage, then
it must be certified by an NRTL.
If it runs on low voltage, it need not be certified
by an NRTL. But, I would get it certified anyway
as it is easy, not time consuming, and cheap. And,
it avoids any problems.
The UL-recognized
of the panel useless?
Best regards,
Bostjan
*From:*Richard Nute [mailto:ri...@ieee.org]
*Sent:* Tuesday, August 13, 2013 6:57 PM
*To:* Boštjan Glavič
*Cc:* EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
*Subject:* Re: LED monitor
Hello Bostjan:
If the LED monitor runs on mains voltage, then
it must be certified
on LCD?
Best regards,
Bostjan
On 21. avg. 2013, at 19:50, Richard Nute
ri...@ieee.orgmailto:ri...@ieee.org wrote:
Hello Bostjan:
The certification of a component such as a video
monitor cannot be used as a stand-alone certification;
it can only be used to certify the component as part
PCB gaps (with or without slot) are okay for low-current
discharges. For high-current discharges such as occur
on mains circuits, the current will vaporize the copper
and increase the clearance distance, and thereby increase
the breakdown voltage with each overvoltage event.
Rich
On
Hi Gary:
The predecessor to IEC 61010 was IEC 348. It is likely that
the source for insulation requirements came from that document
and were modified according to IEC 60664, which is the base
standard for insulation.
IEC 60950 attempted to follow IEC 60664, but was hindered by
tradition, so
The USA agrees with the UK.
Best regards,
Richard Nute
Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A.
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf
Of John Woodgate
Sent: Wednesday, November 23, 2011 3:45 AM
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: Re: Green multi
is a.c.
Mr. Chiang's papers discuss the differences and why.
Richard Nute
Product Safety Consultant
Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A.
-Original Message-
From: emc-p...@ieee.org [mailto:emc-p...@ieee.org] On Behalf
Of Brian Oconnell
Sent: Wednesday, November 30, 2011 9:45 AM
To: EMC-PSTC
, November 30, 2011 1:38 PM
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: Re: UL assessment of plastics - DC vs AC
In message CEBCB02AF4974380921E3EC70FF83CBC@RichardHPdv6,
dated Wed,
30 Nov 2011, Richard Nute ri...@ieee.org writes:
Mr. Chiang has presented his papers to the IEC TC108
committee
.
Product safety professionals should understand
the physics of insulation breakdown rather than
relying on conventional wisdom which so often
exists in the field of product safety.
I'll see if I can find it in a technical library,
and check it out before I fork over $100 for the
book.
Richard
The demonstration:
http://www.koreus.com/video/telephone-portable-mais-popcorn.html
The explanation:
http://www.snopes.com/science/cookegg.asp
Well... not an explanation of how the popcorn is heated,
which nobody seems to know.
Hi Brian:
The Director of Engineering, sometimes refers to me as 'the
heretic' and other times as 'the subversive'.
In this sense, your Director is viewing product safety as
heretical (or subversive) to the engineering discipline.
Within the product safety discipline, views contrary to
Hi Bob:
If there is no insulation failure, the
current increases linearly proportional
to the increase in the test voltage.
If there is an insulation failure, ...the
current... rapidly increases in an
uncontrolled manner.
In other words, if there is an insulation
failure, the increase in
Here a a couple of documents you might find useful. They
were posted to LinkedIn. From Australia.
http://www.productsafety.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/1003280
http://www.productsafety.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/1003284
Enjoy!
Rich
-
9.6 Overcurrent protection
(no text)
9.6.1 General
(uses the word shall; not the word must)
9.6.2 Permanently connected equipment
9.6.3 Other equipment
In context of the Clause, the requirement of 9.6.3 is to
require the overcurrent device, if provided, be a part of
the equipment.
(Once it had
Hi Brian:
... they want to see complete list of organizations
and individuals that contributed to the errors that
caused a mandatory update to the standard.
Errors is an assumption made by the customer lawyers.
I would disagree that the mandatory updates were due to
errors.
Seldom do published
EMC Engineering is not something that is being taught in colleges
Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory
The Missouri ST Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Laboratory supports
EMC research and education projects with a goal of developing the
knowledge base, tools and people necessary to
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